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A QoE-Based Measurement for DiffServ Multicasting Networks 基于qos的DiffServ组播网络测量
Pub Date : 2010-03-23 DOI: 10.1109/ICCSA.2010.51
Wu-Hsiao Hsu, Sheng-Cheng Yeh, Yuh-Pyng Shieh, Cheng-Ying Yang
Multimedia services are typically much more sensitive to throughput, delay, and packet loss than traditional services. These parameters give technical performances of the network but they do not reveal QoS perceived by users. Hence, how to capture users’ overall perceptions when they are using network services is an important issue. In this paper, we simulate a streaming video environment in bandwidth broker (BB), and provide the data of measuring the quality of experience (QoE) for genetic algorithm (GA). After GA acquires these data, GA can use the proposed fitness function to measure the multicast group member’s QoE, and decide whether to adjust a DiffServ-aware multicast tree (DAMT) according to the measured results. The simulation results have proved that the DAMTs adjusted by GA can satisfy the QoE of multicast group member.
多媒体业务通常比传统业务对吞吐量、延迟和数据包丢失更为敏感。这些参数给出了网络的技术性能,但不能反映用户感知到的QoS。因此,如何捕捉用户在使用网络服务时的整体感知是一个重要的问题。本文在带宽代理(BB)中模拟了一个流媒体视频环境,为遗传算法(GA)提供了测量体验质量(QoE)的数据。遗传算法获取这些数据后,利用提出的适应度函数测量组播组成员的QoE,并根据测量结果决定是否调整diffserv感知组播树(DAMT)。仿真结果表明,遗传算法调整后的damt能够满足组播组成员的QoE。
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引用次数: 0
I/O-Efficient Rectangular Segment Search 高效率的I/ o矩形段搜索
Pub Date : 2010-03-23 DOI: 10.1109/ICCSA.2010.35
G. Das, B. Nickerson
We consider the I/O-efficient rectangular segment search problem in 2D. The problem involves storing a given set ${cal S}$ of $N$ line segments in a data structure such that an axis aligned rectangular range query ${cal R}$ can be performed efficiently; i.e., report all line segments in ${cal S}$ which intersect ${cal R}$. We give a data structure requiring space $O(N(N/B)^2)$ disk blocks that can answer a range query ${cal R}$ using $O(log_B N + K/B)$ I/Os, where $B$ is the number of line segments transferred in one I/O, and $K$ is the number of line segments intersecting ${cal R}$. Search complexity of $O(log_B (N/B) + K/B)$ I/Os can be achieved with reduced storage if the set ${cal S}$ contains only non-intersecting line segments, orif set ${cal S}$ contains only horizontal and vertical line segments. In the former case the space complexity is $O((N/B)^2)$ disk blocks and in the latter case the space complexity is $O(N frac{log N}{loglog_B N})$.We also consider the problem of finding all the line segments which are entirely within the rectangle ${cal R}$ if the set ${cal S}$ contains only vertical and horizontal line segments. For this problem, an optimal data structure is presented with size $O(N frac{log N}{loglog_B N})$ disk blocks that requires $O(log_B (N/B) + K/B)$ I/Os to answer the query.
研究二维空间中高效I/ o矩形线段搜索问题。该问题涉及在数据结构中存储一组给定的${cal S}$$N$线段,以便有效地执行轴对齐的矩形范围查询${cal R}$;例如,报告${cal S}$中与${cal R}$相交的所有线段。我们给出了一个需要空间$O(N(N/B)^2)$磁盘块的数据结构,它可以使用$O(log_B N + K/B)$ I/O回答范围查询${cal R}$,其中$B$是在一个I/O中传输的线段数量,$K$是与${cal R}$相交的线段数量。如果集合${cal S}$只包含不相交的线段,或者集合${cal S}$只包含水平和垂直的线段,可以在降低存储的情况下实现$O(log_B (N/B) + K/B)$ I/ o的搜索复杂度。在前一种情况下,空间复杂度为$O((N/B)^2)$磁盘块,在后一种情况下,空间复杂度为$O(N frac{log N}{loglog_B N})$。我们还考虑了如果集合${cal S}$只包含垂直和水平线段,则找到完全在矩形${cal R}$内的所有线段的问题。对于这个问题,给出了一个最优的数据结构,大小为$O(N frac{log N}{loglog_B N})$磁盘块,需要$O(log_B (N/B) + K/B)$ I/ o来回答查询。
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引用次数: 0
Handier Use of Scilab to Draw Fine LaTeX Figures: Usage of KETpic Version for Scilab 更方便地使用Scilab来绘制精细的乳胶图形:使用Scilab的KETpic版本
Pub Date : 2010-03-23 DOI: 10.1109/ICCSA.2010.33
Hiroaki Koshikawa, Masataka Kaneko, Satoshi Yamashita, Kiyoshi Kitahara, Setsuo Takato
In today's technological era, technologies for drawing fine figures have become necessary for effective communication in areas such as scientific research, industry, architecture, medical service, and education. In the areas of scientific research and education, computer algebra system (CAS) has become the preferred tool because of its superb drawing utilities and symbolic computation capabilities. However, embedding the graphics generated with CAS into preferred documents such as LaTeX is limited, cumbersome and inefficient. For instance, a large sized graphical file becomes an issue for fast web-tech based communication. To remedy this issue, we have developed a macro package of CAS, named KETpic, as a convenient tool for supplying high quality graphics (produced with the aid of CAS) embedded in high-quality scientific documents (edited by LaTeX). Although its versions for Mathematica and Maple have been fully developed, we recently migrated it to a popular shareware Scilab so that more people can use it. In a sense, the extent of the facilities which a CAS provides and the expense to purchase it present a "tradeoff'" relation. Consequently, some extra contrivance was necessary in the migration described above. This paper illustrates that the facilities of KETpic version for Scilab become almost equal to those of its Mathematica and Maple counterparts.
在当今的科技时代,绘制精细图形的技术已经成为科学研究、工业、建筑、医疗服务和教育等领域有效沟通的必要条件。在科学研究和教育领域,计算机代数系统(CAS)以其出色的绘图功能和符号计算能力已成为首选工具。但是,将用CAS生成的图形嵌入到首选文档(如LaTeX)中是有限的、麻烦的和低效的。例如,大尺寸的图形文件对于基于web技术的快速通信来说是一个问题。为了解决这个问题,我们开发了一个名为KETpic的CAS宏包,作为一个方便的工具,可以提供嵌入在高质量科学文档(由LaTeX编辑)中的高质量图形(借助CAS生成)。虽然Mathematica和Maple的版本已经完全开发出来,但我们最近将其迁移到流行的共享软件Scilab上,以便更多人可以使用它。从某种意义上说,CAS提供的设施的范围和购买它的费用呈现出一种“权衡”关系。因此,在上面描述的迁移中需要一些额外的发明。本文说明了用于Scilab的KETpic版本的功能几乎与Mathematica和Maple对应版本的功能相当。
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引用次数: 7
Numerical Solutions of the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with a Square Root Nonlinearity 具有平方根非线性的非线性Schrödinger方程的数值解
Pub Date : 2010-03-23 DOI: 10.1109/ICCSA.2010.68
S. Phibanchon, M. A. Allen
The time evolution of bright solitons in an ion-acoustic plasma with non-isothermal electrons are determined numerically by using the Crank-Nicolson scheme. Head-on collisions between two solitons with the same and different amplitudes are investigated. Both types of collision are found to be inelastic -- the amplitudes and speeds of the outgoing solitons are a little different from those of the incoming solitons.
用Crank-Nicolson格式数值计算了非等温电子离子声等离子体中亮孤子的时间演化。研究了具有相同振幅和不同振幅的两个孤子之间的正面碰撞。这两种类型的碰撞都是非弹性的——输出孤子的振幅和速度与入射孤子的略有不同。
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引用次数: 2
On the Minimization of a Circular Function on the Isomorphic Shrunk Subset 关于同构收缩子集上圆函数的极小化
Pub Date : 2010-03-23 DOI: 10.1109/ICCSA.2010.34
L. Domakhina
In this paper a circular shape representation isused to define a circular set for a pair of fixed shapes. This paper is an extension of an approach to shape comparison based on skeleton isomorphism proposed in [5]. The main advantage over existing approaches is mathematically correctly defined shape metrics via Hausdorff distance with the concurrent use of topology features of a shape. The circular function is proposed on the defined circular set. It has two parametersas two given shapes and two variables as two circulars. Thecircular set could be reduced to a special shrunk isomorphicsubset. The minimization of a circular function problem on ashrunk subset for a pair of shapes is proposed. The existence and reachability of minimum on this shrunk subset is proved.Effective monotone subsets are constructed to reduce thesearching of an optimal problem’s solution. The latter reduces the number of all possible subgraphs where to search the best pair to logarithmic (by skeleton edges) computational complexity comparing to the exponential total number of possible subgraphs. All the results are mathematically correct and may be useful in shape comparison and shape analysis applications where pairs of shapes are considered.
本文用圆形表示来定义一对固定形状的圆形集。本文是对[5]中提出的基于骨架同构的形状比较方法的扩展。与现有方法相比,该方法的主要优点是通过Hausdorff距离在数学上正确定义形状度量,并同时使用形状的拓扑特征。在定义的循环集上给出了循环函数。它有两个参数,两个给定的形状和两个变量,两个圆。圆集可以约简为一个特殊的收缩同构子集。提出了一类形状对的收缩子集上的圆函数最小化问题。证明了该缩子集上最小值的存在性和可达性。构造有效的单调子集以减少对最优问题解的搜索。后者将搜索最佳对的所有可能子图的数量减少到与可能子图的指数总数相比的对数(通过骨架边)计算复杂度。所有结果在数学上都是正确的,在考虑形状对的形状比较和形状分析应用中可能是有用的。
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引用次数: 1
Greedy Forwarding with Virtual Destination Strategy for Geographic Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks 基于虚拟目的地策略的贪婪转发无线传感器网络地理路由
Pub Date : 2010-03-23 DOI: 10.1109/ICCSA.2010.55
N. Nguyen, D. Nguyen, Marc-Aurelien Le Gall, N. Saxena, Hyunseung Choo
The uneven deployment of wireless sensor networks and the breakdown of sensor nodes often lead to the presence of holes in their topology. Two important factors considered in designing a geographic routing algorithm are overhead and success rate of packet routing. Therefore, in this paper, we present a novel strategy to aid a routing algorithm improve its performance by increasing success rate of packet routing, while there is no significant overhead involved. To evaluate the efficiency of our strategy, we design a novel routing algorithm called Greedy Forwarding with Virtual Destination (GFVD). Moreover, we utilize the concept of virtual position of sensor nodes to design a combined scheme named Greedy Forwarding with Virtual Destination and Virtual Position (GFVD-ViP). Analysis and extensive simulation are conducted to study the efficiency of our schemes compared to the existing ones.
无线传感器网络的不均匀部署和传感器节点的故障往往导致其拓扑结构中存在空洞。在设计地理路由算法时,需要考虑开销和分组路由的成功率两个重要因素。因此,在本文中,我们提出了一种新的策略,通过提高分组路由的成功率来帮助路由算法提高其性能,而不涉及明显的开销。为了评估该策略的有效性,我们设计了一种新的路由算法,称为带虚拟目的地的贪婪转发(GFVD)。此外,我们利用传感器节点虚拟位置的概念,设计了一种具有虚拟目的地和虚拟位置的贪婪转发(GFVD-ViP)组合方案。通过分析和广泛的仿真,研究了我们的方案与现有方案的效率。
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引用次数: 6
Localization for a Mobile Node Based on Chrip Spread Spectrum Ranging 基于chirp扩频测距的移动节点定位
Pub Date : 2010-03-23 DOI: 10.1109/ICCSA.2010.54
Hyeonwoo Cho, Jewon Lee, Younghun Lee, Sang Woo Kim
In this paper, we propose a localization algorithm for a mobile node based on the IEEE 802.15.4a chirp spread spectrum (CSS). IEEE 802.15.4a is an alternative PHY for IEEE 802.15.4, which is used for wireless sensor networks, and it can be applied to ranging applications. Through CSS ranging, the coordinate of a CSS node can be calculated by using trilateration. This approach is usually used for mobile robot localization. In the case of mobile robot localization, the dynamics of a mobile robot can be modeled as a state-space equation because a robot is an artificial object manufactured by designers. Therefore, the coordinate of a mobile robot can be estimated by using the Kalman filter. However, in the case of localization of a mobile node whose movement cannot be predicted, the dynamics of the mobile node are difficult to model. Therefore, we propose a strategy that regards the un-modeled dynamics as the process noise of the state-space equation. Further, we propose a method for determining the statics of the process noise based on some reasonable assumptions. Through the localization experiment, we verify the proposed method and discuss the results.
本文提出了一种基于IEEE 802.15.a啁啾扩频(CSS)的移动节点定位算法。IEEE 802.15.a是IEEE 802.15.4的替代PHY,用于无线传感器网络,可应用于测距应用。通过CSS测距,可以通过三边测量来计算CSS节点的坐标。这种方法通常用于移动机器人的定位。在移动机器人定位的情况下,由于机器人是设计者制造的人造物体,移动机器人的动力学可以用状态空间方程来建模。因此,利用卡尔曼滤波可以估计移动机器人的坐标。然而,在移动节点无法预测其运动的情况下,移动节点的动态难以建模。因此,我们提出了一种将未建模动力学视为状态空间方程过程噪声的策略。此外,我们提出了一种基于一些合理假设来确定过程噪声静力学的方法。通过定位实验验证了所提出的方法,并对结果进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 6
Energy Efficient Geographic Routing for Prolonging Network Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks 无线传感器网络中延长网络寿命的高能效地理路由
Pub Date : 2010-03-23 DOI: 10.1109/ICCSA.2010.66
Eunil Park, D. Bae, Hyunseung Choo
In realistic wireless sensor networks (WSNs), wireless link can be extremely unreliable and for the reliable and efficient data delivery many characteristics should be considered such as link quality, distance and energy. Therefore, an optimal solution which considers these characteristics is necessary. Previous geographic routing protocols which consider only some of these characteristics are not adequate to use in realistic WSNs. In the paper, we propose a scheme which balances link-quality, distance and energy. Our proposed scheme is more energy-efficient than previous routing protocols, and has longer lifetime. Numerical expressions such as Packet Reception Rate (PRR), distance, and Energy-level are used in the paper. In addition, we explain how to forward a packet to the destination with these expressions. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme is more efficient than PRR x Distance scheme and achieves higher network lifetime compared with that of previous routing schemes.
在现实的无线传感器网络中,无线链路可能非常不可靠,为了实现数据的可靠高效传输,需要考虑链路质量、距离和能量等诸多特性。因此,一个考虑到这些特性的最优解是必要的。以前的地理路由协议只考虑了其中的一些特征,不足以在实际的无线传感器网络中使用。在本文中,我们提出了一种平衡链路质量、距离和能量的方案。该方案比现有的路由协议更节能,且具有更长的生命周期。文中使用了诸如包接收率(PRR)、距离和能级等数值表达式。此外,我们还解释了如何使用这些表达式将数据包转发到目的地。仿真结果表明,该方案比PRR x距离方案更有效,并且与已有的路由方案相比具有更高的网络生存期。
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引用次数: 10
Efficient Greedy Forwarding Scheme Using Back-Off Intervals in Wireless Sensor Networks 无线传感器网络中基于后退间隔的高效贪婪转发方案
Pub Date : 2010-03-23 DOI: 10.1109/ICCSA.2010.56
D. Bae, Moonshik Choi, Sang-Hun Cho, Hyunseung Choo
Greedy forwarding is the main component of geographic routing in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). As it uses 1-hop local information for packet forwarding, it does not need to maintain routing table, having low overhead and high scalability. Early proposed greedy forwarding schemes do not consider link quality, so the schemes experience performance degradation from unreliability of links in real environment. To solve the problem other schemes have been proposed, still they have either asymmetry link problem or high overhead from the use of global information. In the paper, a Back-off Interval Greedy Forwarding scheme (BI-GF) is proposed to solve the problems while maintaining the benefits of greedy forwarding. In BI-GF, each neighbor node calculates BI using 2-hop information, and based on that, data packet is forwarded. In the simulation result, BI-GF improves delivery rate up to 46% and energy efficiency up to 37% compared with PRR×Distance greedy forwarding.
贪婪转发是无线传感器网络中地理路由的主要组成部分。由于使用1跳本地信息进行报文转发,因此不需要维护路由表,开销小,可扩展性高。早期提出的贪婪转发方案没有考虑链路质量,在实际环境中由于链路不可靠导致性能下降。为了解决这一问题,人们提出了其他方案,但它们要么存在链路不对称问题,要么存在使用全局信息带来的高开销。本文提出了一种后退间隔贪婪转发方案(Back-off Interval Greedy Forwarding scheme, BI-GF)来解决这些问题,同时保持贪婪转发的优势。在BI- gf中,每个邻居节点使用2跳信息计算BI,并在此基础上转发数据包。在仿真结果中,与PRR×Distance贪婪转发相比,BI-GF的投递率提高了46%,能效提高了37%。
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引用次数: 0
Estimation and Rendering of Tactile Information Based on Photometric Images 基于光度图像的触觉信息估计与渲染
Pub Date : 2010-03-23 DOI: 10.1109/ICCSA.2010.81
Kazuyoshi Nomura, X. Yin, Y. Sakaguchi, Hiromi T. Tanaka
In this paper, we compare three methods for synthesizing tactile vibration signals from photometric images. Firstly we obtain the geometric information from the photometric images. Secondly analyzing the surface normal and the frictional phenomena between finger and object, we propose some methods of rendering the tactile feeling vibration. Finally, implementations are carried out to show effectiveness of proposed technique using voice coil motor(VCM).
本文比较了从光度图像中合成触觉振动信号的三种方法。首先从光度图像中获取几何信息。其次,分析了手指与物体之间的表面法向和摩擦现象,提出了一些呈现触觉振动的方法。最后,利用音圈电机(VCM)进行了实现,证明了所提技术的有效性。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
2010 International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications
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