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Artificial Intelligence in the Healthcare Sector 医疗保健领域的人工智能
Pub Date : 2019-10-14 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3469423
Julia M. Puaschunder, Dieter Feierabend
To an extent as never before in the history of medicine, computers are supporting human input, decision making and provision of data. In today’s healthcare sector and medical profession, AI, algorithms, robotics and big data are used to derive inferences for monitoring large-scale medical trends, detecting and measuring individual risks and chances based on data-driven estimations. A knowledge-intensive industry like the healthcare profession highly depends on data and analytics to improve therapies and practices. In recent years, there has been tremendous growth in the range of medical information collected, including clinical, genetic, behavioral and environmental data. Every day, healthcare professionals, biomedical researchers and patients produce vast amounts of data from an array of devices. These include electronic health records (EHRs), genome sequencing machines, high-resolution medical imaging, smartphone applications and ubiquitous sensing, as well as Internet of Things (IoT) devices that monitor patient health (OECD 2015). Through machine learning algorithms and unprecedented data storage and computational power, AI technologies have most advanced abilities to gain information, process it and give a well-defined output to the end-user. Daily monitoring thereby aids to create big data to recognize behavioral patterns’ relation to health status in order to create predictions with highest mathematical precision based on big data capturing large-scale samples. AI thereby enlightens to analyze the relation between prevention and treatment and patient outcomes in all stages of diagnosis, treatment, drug development and monitoring, personalized medicine, patient control and care. Advanced hospitals are looking into AI solutions to support and perform operational initiatives that increase precision and cost effectiveness. Robotics have been used for disabled and patient care assistance. Medical decision making has been supported through predictive analytics and general healthcare management technology. Network connectivity allows access to affordable healthcare around the globe in a cost-effective way.
计算机正在支持人类输入、决策和提供数据,其程度是医学史上前所未有的。在当今的医疗保健行业和医疗行业,人工智能、算法、机器人和大数据被用于推断,以监测大规模的医疗趋势,基于数据驱动的估计来检测和衡量个人的风险和机会。像医疗保健行业这样的知识密集型行业高度依赖于数据和分析来改进治疗和实践。近年来,收集的医疗信息范围有了巨大的增长,包括临床、遗传、行为和环境数据。每天,医疗保健专业人员、生物医学研究人员和患者都会从一系列设备中产生大量数据。这些包括电子健康记录(EHRs)、基因组测序机、高分辨率医学成像、智能手机应用程序和无处不在的传感,以及监测患者健康的物联网(IoT)设备(OECD 2015)。通过机器学习算法和前所未有的数据存储和计算能力,人工智能技术具有最先进的获取信息、处理信息并向最终用户提供明确定义的输出的能力。因此,日常监测有助于创建大数据,以识别行为模式与健康状况的关系,以便基于捕获大规模样本的大数据创建具有最高数学精度的预测。因此,人工智能有助于分析在诊断、治疗、药物开发和监测、个性化医疗、患者控制和护理等各个阶段的预防和治疗与患者预后之间的关系。先进的医院正在研究人工智能解决方案,以支持和执行提高精度和成本效益的运营计划。机器人已被用于残疾人和病人护理援助。通过预测分析和一般医疗保健管理技术支持医疗决策。网络连接允许以经济有效的方式在全球范围内获得负担得起的医疗保健。
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引用次数: 15
Using Machine Learning to Model Claims Experience and Reporting Delays for Pricing and Reserving 使用机器学习建模索赔经验和报告延迟定价和预订
Pub Date : 2019-10-07 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3465424
Louis Rossouw, Ronald Richman
In this paper we review existing modelling approaches for analysing claims experience in the presence of reporting delays, reviewing the formulation of mortality incidence models such as GLMs. We then show how these approaches have traditionally been adjusted for late reporting of claims using either the IBNR approach or the more recent EBNER approach. We then go on to introduce a new model formulation that combines a model for late reported claims with a model for mortality incidence into a single model formulation. We then illustrate the use and performance of the traditional and the combined model formulations on data from a multinational reinsurer. We show how GLMs, lasso regression, gradient boosted trees and deep learning can be applied to the new formulation to produce results of superior accuracy compared to the traditional approaches.
在本文中,我们回顾了现有的建模方法,用于分析报告延迟情况下的索赔经验,审查了死亡率发生率模型(如glm)的制定。然后,我们展示了如何使用IBNR方法或最近的EBNER方法对这些方法进行调整,以适应索赔的后期报告。然后,我们继续介绍一种新的模型公式,将后期报告索赔的模型与死亡率模型结合到一个单一的模型公式中。然后,我们举例说明了传统模型和组合模型在跨国再保险公司数据上的使用和性能。我们展示了如何将glm、套索回归、梯度增强树和深度学习应用于新公式,以产生比传统方法更高精度的结果。
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引用次数: 2
A Novel Approach for Prediction of Warts Disease Treatment Methods: Machine Learning Techniques 预测疣病治疗方法的新方法:机器学习技术
Pub Date : 2019-10-03 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3463673
L. P, Priyanka Prakash, M. M, R. G. Babukarthik, Bonduvenkat B.
Investigated the efficiency of proposed modalities including immunotherapy and cryotherapy for treatment of wart lesions. Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen is a favorable and different treatment in most patients. A clinical study of efficiency of garlic extract versus cryotherapy in the treatment of male genital wart. With recent technological advancements in data mining and machine learning techniques, early stage of disease can be predicted with a higher degree of accuracy even in the field of medical diagnosis.We proposed Huddle PSO in machine learning using K-means algorithm and Support Vector Machine (SVM). In future we plan apply the proposed work for the treatment of brain tumors.
研究了包括免疫疗法和冷冻疗法在内的治疗疣病变的方法。液氮冷冻治疗在大多数患者中是一种有利且不同的治疗方法。大蒜提取物与冷冻治疗男性生殖器疣疗效的临床研究。随着数据挖掘和机器学习技术的最新技术进步,即使在医学诊断领域,也可以更高程度地预测疾病的早期阶段。我们提出了基于K-means算法和支持向量机(SVM)的聚类粒子群算法(Huddle PSO)。在未来,我们计划将所提出的工作应用于脑肿瘤的治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Big Data From Social Media and Scientific Literature Databases Reveals Relationships Among Risk Management, Project Management and Project Success 来自社交媒体和科学文献数据库的大数据揭示了风险管理、项目管理和项目成功之间的关系
Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3459936
Dr. Maria Papadaki, Dr Nikolaos Bakas, Professor Edward Ochieng, Dr. Ioannis Karamitsos, Dr. Richard Kirkham
The literature review highlights that previous studies have been identifying risk management as an essential tool for project management and could increase the chance of successfully meeting project objectives. In addition, as found from the reviewed literature, risk management has been seen as a tool of allowing the project team to communicate risk information, so as to enhance the decision-making process towards balancing threats and opportunities. Thus, this research aims to examine participants’ views on the alignment of risk management, project management and organizational project success. Machine learning algorithms are employed to explore collective data from posts on twitter in order to obtain valuable knowledge about discussions regarding risk management, and project management. Additionally, the corresponding scientific literature obtained from Scopus database was analyzed utilizing bibliometric tools, in order to investigate diverse perceptions in academia and industry. Findings of this study will have implications for practitioners’ perception of project risk management.
文献综述强调,以前的研究已经确定风险管理是项目管理的基本工具,可以增加成功实现项目目标的机会。此外,正如所回顾的文献所发现的,风险管理已被视为允许项目团队沟通风险信息的工具,从而增强决策过程以平衡威胁和机会。因此,本研究旨在考察参与者对风险管理、项目管理和组织项目成功的一致性的看法。机器学习算法用于探索twitter帖子中的集体数据,以获得有关风险管理和项目管理讨论的宝贵知识。此外,利用文献计量学工具对Scopus数据库中相应的科学文献进行分析,以调查学术界和工业界的不同看法。本研究的发现将对从业者对项目风险管理的认知产生影响。
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引用次数: 14
A New Perspective of Performance Comparison among Machine Learning Algorithms for Financial Distress Prediction 财务危机预测机器学习算法性能比较的新视角
Pub Date : 2019-07-13 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3437863
Yuping Huang, Meng‐Feng Yen
Abstract We set out in this study to review a vast amount of recent literature on machine learning (ML) approaches to predicting financial distress (FD), including supervised, unsupervised and hybrid supervised–unsupervised learning algorithms. Four supervised ML models including the traditional support vector machine (SVM), recently developed hybrid associative memory with translation (HACT), hybrid GA-fuzzy clustering and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) were compared in prediction performance to the unsupervised classifier deep belief network (DBN) and the hybrid DBN-SVM model, whereby a total of sixteen financial variables were selected from the financial statements of the publicly-listed Taiwanese firms as inputs to the six approaches. Our empirical findings, covering the 2010–2016 sample period, demonstrated that among the four supervised algorithms, the XGBoost provided the most accurate FD prediction. Moreover, the hybrid DBN-SVM model was able to generate more accurate forecasts than the use of either the SVM or the classifier DBN in isolation.
摘要:我们在本研究中回顾了大量关于机器学习(ML)方法预测财务困境(FD)的最新文献,包括监督、无监督和混合监督-无监督学习算法。将传统的支持向量机(SVM)、新近开发的混合联想记忆与翻译(HACT)、混合ga -模糊聚类和极端梯度增强(XGBoost) 4种监督机器学习模型与无监督分类器深度信念网络(DBN)和DBN-SVM混合模型的预测性能进行了比较。从台湾上市公司的财务报表中选取16个财务变量作为六种方法的输入。我们的实证研究结果涵盖了2010-2016年的样本期,表明在四种监督算法中,XGBoost提供了最准确的FD预测。此外,混合DBN-SVM模型能够产生比单独使用支持向量机或分类器DBN更准确的预测。
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引用次数: 65
A Novel Method to Improve the Accuracy of Heart Disease Identification Using K-NN Method 一种利用K-NN方法提高心脏病识别准确率的新方法
Pub Date : 2019-05-31 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3397002
Sai Chaitanya, N. Ramaiah
The ECG represents a graph of variations in electrical potential generated by the heart and recorded at the body surface. The contraction and relaxation of the cardiac muscles repression in generation of electrical potential which could be used to diagnose different disorders of the heart. In this paper we implement a Novel method to improve the accuracy of heart disease identification using K-NN method. The visual identification of different wavelet features in the ECG signal is done to compare it with respect to the normal values for finding the novelties in it so that physician can make brief move against any issue.
心电图是由心脏产生的电位变化的图表,记录在体表上。心肌的收缩和舒张,抑制电势的产生,可用于诊断各种心脏疾病。本文提出了一种利用K-NN方法提高心脏病识别准确率的新方法。对心电信号中不同的小波特征进行视觉识别,将其与正常值进行比较,发现其中的新奇之处,从而使医生能够迅速采取措施解决问题。
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引用次数: 0
Forecasting Dengue and Studying its Plausible Pandemy using Machine Learning 利用机器学习预测登革热并研究其可能的大流行
Pub Date : 2019-05-17 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3507320
Savita Choudhary, V. Gaurav, Tushar Sharma, Vishal V, Pradyumna K R
India has witnessed an alarming increase in the number of dengue cases to the count of about 300 percent since 2009 as per the National Health Profile, 2018. Dengue is considered a serious threat not only in India but also is becoming a problem all over the world especially in tropical countries like Indonesia, India and Malaysia. Dengue cases were widespread during the onset and the duration of monsoon due to the collection of water creating breeding grounds for female aedes mosquitoes which are vectors for Flavivirus (Dengue virus). With the lack of appropriate infrastructure and methodology to identify vulnerable regions in India, the cases of dengue have been on the rise. This paper is an attempt to use machine learning and statistical models to predict dengue cases across India and identify the patterns between climatic factors, urbanization and number of cases reported for dengue. This includes the spread spectrum of dengue and also accounts as an AI based mitigative forecast model to alert the concerned authorities before the spread of the epidemic. This will enable the concerned authorities to gauge the situation and take appropriate steps to prevent the pandemy.
根据2018年《国家卫生概况》,自2009年以来,印度的登革热病例数量惊人地增加了约300%。登革热不仅在印度被认为是一个严重的威胁,而且正在成为世界各地的一个问题,特别是在印度尼西亚、印度和马来西亚等热带国家。登革热病例在季风开始和持续期间广泛传播,因为雨水的收集为雌伊蚊提供了繁殖地,雌伊蚊是黄病毒(登革热病毒)的载体。由于缺乏适当的基础设施和方法来确定印度的脆弱地区,登革热病例一直在上升。这篇论文试图使用机器学习和统计模型来预测印度各地的登革热病例,并确定气候因素、城市化和登革热病例报告数量之间的模式。这包括登革热的传播谱,也可作为一种基于人工智能的缓解预测模型,在疫情蔓延之前向有关当局发出警报。这将使有关当局能够评估局势并采取适当步骤防止大流行。
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引用次数: 2
Comparative Case Study of Machine Learning Classification Techniques Using Imbalanced Credit Card Fraud Datasets 使用不平衡信用卡欺诈数据集的机器学习分类技术的比较案例研究
Pub Date : 2019-02-26 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3351584
G. Parthasarathy, L. Ramanathan, Y. Justindhas, J. Saravanakumar, J. Darwin
Today, the total transaction volume of credit cards is increasing consistently, as a result fraudulent transaction cases are also on a rise, producing losses in billions of dollars for financial institutions and banking sectors every year. Hence there is a need for a robust, reliable mechanism which is able to identify and prevent such fraudulent transactions effectively and efficiently. Some data mining techniques helps in detecting patterns between data attributes (classifying the transaction as fraudulent or non-fraudulent) and results in probabilistic prediction of the transaction category. In this study, multiple Machine Learning classification techniques are applied on a highly imbalanced datasets consisting of credit card transaction. ‘Chip and Pin’ is considered as one of the trusted mechanisms today in terms of securing payment transaction but even this mechanism doesn’t stops fake credit card utilizations on virtual Point Of Sale nodes or email orders known as an online 'credit card bankrupt'. It was observed that SVM, Random Forest and J48 Decision Tree classifiers yield a very high accuracy ratio but are suggested not to be leveraged while classifying such dataset where class imbalance is present. While thinking about these methodologies, this investigation gives a comprehensive overview of various classification methods, their highlights and restrictions of bankruptcy.
如今,信用卡交易总量持续增长,因此欺诈交易案件也在增加,每年给金融机构和银行业造成数十亿美元的损失。因此,需要一个强有力的、可靠的机制,能够有效地识别和防止这种欺诈性交易。一些数据挖掘技术有助于检测数据属性之间的模式(将事务分类为欺诈性或非欺诈性),并对事务类别进行概率预测。在本研究中,将多种机器学习分类技术应用于由信用卡交易组成的高度不平衡数据集。“芯片和密码”被认为是当今安全支付交易的可信机制之一,但即使这种机制也无法阻止虚拟销售点节点或电子邮件订单上的虚假信用卡使用,即在线“信用卡破产”。观察到SVM, Random Forest和J48 Decision Tree分类器产生非常高的准确率,但建议不要在分类存在类不平衡的数据集时使用。在思考这些方法的同时,本调查全面概述了各种分类方法,它们的亮点和破产的限制。
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引用次数: 7
An Artificial Neural Network Representation of the SABR Stochastic Volatility Model SABR随机波动模型的人工神经网络表示
Pub Date : 2018-11-21 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3288882
W. Mcghee
In this article, the Universal Approximation Theorem of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is applied to the SABR stochastic volatility model in order to construct highly efficient representations. Initially, the SABR approximation of Hagan et al. [2002] is considered, then a more accurate integration scheme of McGhee [2011] as well as a two factor finite difference scheme. The resulting ANN calculates 10,000 times faster than the finite difference scheme whilst maintaining a high degree of accuracy. As a result, the ANN dispenses with the need for the commonly used SABR Approximation.
本文将人工神经网络的通用逼近定理应用于SABR随机波动模型,以构造高效的表示。首先考虑Hagan等[2002]的SABR近似,然后考虑McGhee[2011]的更精确的积分格式以及两因子有限差分格式。由此产生的人工神经网络的计算速度比有限差分方案快10,000倍,同时保持了高度的准确性。因此,人工神经网络省去了常用的SABR近似的需要。
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引用次数: 29
Proxy Modeling in Life Insurance Companies With the Use of Machine Learning Algorithms 使用机器学习算法的人寿保险公司代理建模
Pub Date : 2018-11-16 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3396481
Dawid Kopczyk
In this paper, we present how ideas from artificial intelligence field can be utilized in proxy modeling problem that is faced by actuarial departments of life insurance companies. The current approaches are reviewed, exposing their incapability to fully mimic the complexity and non-linearity of cash-flow projection models. In order to increase the quality of proxy models, we propose to apply selected machine learning algorithms as well as provide an overview of the theory behind them and present the numerical results with a comparison of model errors for different estimators. The study is performed on real data generated by a large reinsurance company. The text can serve as a guideline for companies willing to introduce machine learning algorithms in their proxy modeling processes.
在本文中,我们介绍了如何利用人工智能领域的思想来解决寿险公司精算部门面临的代理建模问题。目前的方法进行了审查,暴露其无法完全模拟的复杂性和非线性的现金流预测模型。为了提高代理模型的质量,我们建议应用选定的机器学习算法,并概述其背后的理论,并给出数值结果,比较不同估计器的模型误差。本研究是在一家大型再保险公司的真实数据上进行的。本文可以作为愿意在代理建模过程中引入机器学习算法的公司的指导方针。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
CompSciRN: Other Machine Learning (Topic)
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