Farmaceuticos Comunitarios最新文献

Community pharmacies are undergoing a process of transformation that requires a clear definition of the competencies of community pharmacists. The competency map provides a comprehensive framework that reinforces professional identity, facilitates institutional recognition and guides continuous professional development. It is also key to the implementation and evaluation of professional pharmaceutical care services. Its presentation at the SEFAC 2026 Conference marks a strategic step for the present and future of the profession.

Minor ailments, though self-limiting, are major contributors to global healthcare burdens. Community pharmacists (CPs) are well-positioned to manage these conditions, reducing unnecessary physician visits and healthcare costs. However, their role in Libya remains undocumented, with no formal guidelines or standardized practices. Therefore, this study assessed Libyan CPs' practices, the prevalence of minor ailments encountered, and the challenges faced in delivering these services. An exploratory, cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated questionnaire. Researchers visited 200 community pharmacies in Tripoli, Libya, between October 2024 and January 2025, including only one pharmacist per pharmacy. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Most CPs were female (61.5%) and aged 21-30 (58%). A significant qualification gap was identified; only 54% held the mandatory qualification for independent practice, while 44% were assistant pharmacists with technical diplomas. High-prevalence conditions included headache (89%), fever (85%), and the common cold (73%). Pharmacists primarily relied on patient-reported symptoms (90%) and spent ≤5 minutes per consultation (50.5%). Key challenges included managing pregnant (67%) and geriatric patients (63.5%), workflow interruptions (25.5%), and a lack of formal training (only 51% received pre-graduation education). Libyan CPs actively manage minor ailments but face systemic barriers, including inadequate consultation time, a lack of guidelines, and difficulties with complex cases. Implementing structured minor ailment schemes, enhancing pharmacist training, and fostering interprofessional collaboration could optimize their role in Libya's healthcare system.

Introduction: Non-adherence to antibiotic treatments contributes to the development of resistance. Community pharmacies provide an opportunity to assess and improve therapeutic adherence. This study analyzes which antibiotic groups present the highest non-adherence rates. Objective: To identify the therapeutic groups of antibiotics with the highest non-adherence in community pharmacy and to analyze associated factors such as age, sex, and reasons for treatment discontinuation. Methods: An observational, descriptive, and prospective study was conducted over 12 months in two pharmacies in a coastal town in Murcia, Spain. A total of 500 patients receiving antibiotic treatment were included. Sociodemographic variables and treatment characteristics were recorded. After 15 days, adherence was assessed using the Morisky-Green-Levine test, and reasons for non-adherence were documented. Chi-square statistical analysis and relative risks (RR) were calculated. Results: Of the 363 patients who completed the study, 37.2% did not adhere to their treatment. The highest non-adherence rates for oral treatments were observed in penicillin combinations with beta-lactamase inhibitors (52.4%) and extended-spectrum penicillins (46.8%). The most frequent reason was forgetfulness, followed by schedule changes and perceived clinical improvement. No significant differences were found by sex (p = 0.136) or age group (p = 0.209). The RR was higher for penicillin combinations (RR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.10-1.78) and lower for macrolides (RR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.23-0.79). Conclusions: Penicillins, especially combinations with beta-lactamase inhibitors, and topical antibiotics present a higher risk of non-adherence. Interventions from primary care and particularly from community pharmacy should be reinforced to improve adherence, especially in these groups.

Introduction: Deprescribing is crucial for improving pharmacotherapeutic safety in polymedicated patients, a common profile in community pharmacy. However, a gap exists between the available evidence and real-world clinical practice. Objective: This review aimed to identify and critically analyze validated deprescribing tools, assessing their applicability in the community setting and highlighting the leading role the pharmacist can assume. Material and Methods: A critical narrative review was conducted via a literature search in PubMed/MEDLINE and LILACS, period 2014-2024, using the terms MeSH Deprescribing AND Inappropriate prescription, OR Inappropriate Medicaments. Tools with psychometric and/or clinical validation were included. Two independent reviewers screened studies, and discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Results: Out of 71 screened studies, 23 were included. We identified 5 updated clinical criteria, 9 specific tools for pharmacological groups, and 9 attitudinal questionnaires. Technical maturity in tools is evident, but critical gaps persist: therapeutic fragmentation, absence of Spanish validation for key instruments, and the exclusion of the community pharmacist from many of them. A key finding is the high willingness to deprescribe among patients (87.6%) and caregivers (74.8%). Conclusions: We conclude that the community pharmacist, due to their accessibility and holistic view of medication, is the ideal professional to drive deprescribing.

Phytotherapy, an ancient practice based on the use of plant-based products, has recently seen a strong resurgence, driven by a growing preference for "natural" products. In the context of community pharmacy, it is presented as an alternative or complement to conventional treatments, especially for mild or chronic conditions, or as an adjuvant for serious illnesses. However, its use is not without risks, due to the variability in the composition of marketed products, the pharmacological action of their active ingredients, and the lack of uniform regulatory framework. There are different legal categories for these products, depending on their composition, indication, and scientific backing. Some, such as dietary supplements and medical devices, are available without medical supervision despite containing active ingredients used in prescription medications. In this context, the community pharmacist plays an essential role in patient counseling and promoting the rational and safe use of phytopharmaceuticals. In Spain, 192 authorized plant-based active ingredients are currently identified, underscoring the importance of their proper management in healthcare practice. Although generally well tolerated, these products are not free from adverse effects, especially in vulnerable populations such as pregnant women, children, the elderly, immunosuppressed individuals, and patients on multiple medications. Furthermore, they can generate significant interactions. Therefore, their dispensing and recommendation require specialized and up-to-date knowledge on the part of the pharmacist, thus ensuring a safe and effective therapeutic approach.

Hypertension is a chronic condition with a high prevalence in the adult population, with differences in response to treatment and the occurrence of adverse effects between men and women. Despite the available evidence, current clinical guidelines do not include specific recommendations differentiated by sex. From the community pharmacy perspective, it is important to explore how a structured pharmaceutical intervention, based on the detection of medication-related problems (MRPs), particularly adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and negative medication outcomes (NMOs) and, can contribute to improving the safety and effectiveness of antihypertensive treatment, considering gender as a clinical criterion. An experimental, multicentre, pre-post study was proposed in community pharmacies in different Spanish autonomous communities that are members of SEFAC. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were offered the opportunity to participate in the study at the time of dispensing. After signing the informed consent form, an initial interview was conducted to collect clinical variables, knowledge of treatment, therapeutic adherence, blood pressure and ADRs. Subsequently, an individualised pharmaceutical intervention was carried out with health recommendations and referral to the primary care physician for dosage adjustments, if necessary and when PRMs and/or ADRs were identified. After three months, the interview was repeated with the same parameters to assess the impact of the intervention. This study is expected to provide evidence on the importance of integrating the sex into the pharmaceutical approach to hypertension and reinforce the role of community pharmacists in cardiovascular health.

Abstract: Smoking is the main preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in Spain, with a particular incidence among young people. Universities offer a key opportunity to implement effective tobacco prevention and cessation strategies.

Objectives: To train health professionals and first and second year students of Health Sciences of the Albacete Campus (Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy and Psychology) in prevention and tackling smoking, and to implement peer-to-peer community interventions aimed at university and high school students.

Metodology: The project is structured in three phases: 1. Postgraduate online course (30 ECTS credits) for health professionals.2. Face-to-face workshops for students in Health Sciences, differentiating between smokers motivated to quit and non-smokers interested in supporting smokers during the cessation process. Clinical interviews, cooximetry, cognitive-behavioural techniques and validated materials are used.3. Trained student-led interventions, supervised by professionals, in educational settings. Evaluation of all phases includes pre- and post-tests, clinical case monitoring and satisfaction surveys.

Expected results: This project aims to improve participants' knowledge and skills in preventing and tackling smoking, as well as reducing tobacco use in young people participating in the creation of healthier educational spaces. Data collection can be useful for designing future public health strategies.

Applicability: The model is scalable, replicable and sustainable, with the potential to be integrated into university curricula and to influence public policy on smoking prevention.

Conclusion: Early intervention, before tobacco dependence becomes established, is essential to achieve a significant impact on public health and reduce the intergenerational transmission of this addictive behavior.

In 2025, SEFAC will celebrate 25 years since its creation, promoting pharmaceutical practice in community pharmacies as a scientific and healthcare discipline. During this time, it has promoted applied research, the publication of knowledge and the dissemination of good practices. Its work has promoted and strengthened the position of community pharmacists in our country as key agents in healthcare for citizens, both in terms of community health and the safety and optimisation of the use of medicines and healthcare products. This anniversary invites us to identify the achievements made and look to the future, consolidating community pharmacists as an essential healthcare resource in the healthcare system.

Introduction: Pharmaceutical interventions (PI) are important for the resolution of drug-related problems (DRP). An alternative to efficiently meet this need is telepharmacy, defined as a modality of pharmaceutical services provided remotely through information and communication technologies (ICT).

Objectives: To evaluate PI through telepharmacy in terms of their benefit to treatment effectiveness and/or safety.

Methods: Retrospective observational study. Data were obtained from the pharmacotherapeutic records of eight community pharmacies that carried out PI through telepharmacy from November 2020 to October 2021. PI were evaluated using impact codes (benefit to treatment effectiveness and/or safety).

Results: A total of 21 patients participated, of whom 11 were men. The median age was 61 years (Q1-Q3: 55-67). According to the ATC code, the most prevalent drug groups were: A-Alimentary tract and metabolism (n=38; 24.2%) and C-Cardiovascular system (n=31; 19.8%). A total of 183 DRP were identified (90 potential and 93 real) and 121 PI, of which 51.2% could be evaluated (n=62; 44 PI on effectiveness and 18 PI on safety).

Conclusion: The PI carried out by community pharmacists were assessable and improved both the effectiveness and safety of medications.