Os nódulos de Schmorl (NS) são identificados por uma depressão na superfície do corpo vertebral e afetam, com maior frequência, a região inferior da coluna torácica e lombar, sendo comum em populações atuais e do passado. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo cardinal a estimativa da prevalência de NS numa amostra 128 indivíduos adultos (81 do sexo feminino e 47 do masculino) pertencentes à Colecção de Esqueletos Identificados Século XXI (Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade de Coimbra). Adicionalmente, pretende-se demarcar a sua distribuição anatómica na coluna vertebral, e averiguar possíveis vínculos com o sexo biológico e a idade à morte. Foi registada uma prevalência total de 61,7%, a mesma para ambos os sexos. A idade à morte dos indivíduos com NS (média = 80,7 anos; DP = 8,1) é praticamente idêntica à dos indivíduos sem NS (média = 81,7 anos; DP = 9,9). Não foram encontradas, portanto, associações entre a presença de NS e o sexo biológico ou a idade à morte. A maioria das lesões, frequentemente localizadas no centro dos corpos vertebrais, foi classificada como severa. As vértebras mais afetadas foram a L1 (3,0%), a L2 (2,9%), bem como a T11 e a T12 (ambas com 2,8%). De fato, a região toracolombar foi a mais afetada, possivelmente devido à sobrecarga de forças, à amplitude de movimentos e à menor espessura do disco intervertebral nessa região da coluna vertebral, bem como às limitações biomecânicas associadas à postura bípede.
{"title":"Nódulos de Schmorl em indivíduos da Colecção de Esqueletos Identificados Século XXI (CEI/XXI) da Universidade de Coimbra (Portugal)","authors":"Francisco Curate","doi":"10.14195/2182-7982_40_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14195/2182-7982_40_5","url":null,"abstract":"Os nódulos de Schmorl (NS) são identificados por uma depressão na superfície do corpo vertebral e afetam, com maior frequência, a região inferior da coluna torácica e lombar, sendo comum em populações atuais e do passado. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo cardinal a estimativa da prevalência de NS numa amostra 128 indivíduos adultos (81 do sexo feminino e 47 do masculino) pertencentes à Colecção de Esqueletos Identificados Século XXI (Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade de Coimbra). Adicionalmente, pretende-se demarcar a sua distribuição anatómica na coluna vertebral, e averiguar possíveis vínculos com o sexo biológico e a idade à morte. Foi registada uma prevalência total de 61,7%, a mesma para ambos os sexos. A idade à morte dos indivíduos com NS (média = 80,7 anos; DP = 8,1) é praticamente idêntica à dos indivíduos sem NS (média = 81,7 anos; DP = 9,9). Não foram encontradas, portanto, associações entre a presença de NS e o sexo biológico ou a idade à morte. A maioria das lesões, frequentemente localizadas no centro dos corpos vertebrais, foi classificada como severa. As vértebras mais afetadas foram a L1 (3,0%), a L2 (2,9%), bem como a T11 e a T12 (ambas com 2,8%). De fato, a região toracolombar foi a mais afetada, possivelmente devido à sobrecarga de forças, à amplitude de movimentos e à menor espessura do disco intervertebral nessa região da coluna vertebral, bem como às limitações biomecânicas associadas à postura bípede.","PeriodicalId":40719,"journal":{"name":"Antropologia Portuguesa","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139009263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article analyses tension between human rights (including secularism) and Hindutva, the Hindu nationalists’ discourse. Particular focus is put on women’s rights and the right to freedom of expression and dissent in India using the film Water and the controversy associated with it in the north Indian district of Varanasi in 2000. Firstly, the relation between human rights, secularism and Hindutva/Hindu nationalism is discussed conceptually. This is followed by a discussion of the narratives of Hindutva’s followers in Varanasi and their involvement in the controversy surrounding the film Water. Extracts from interviews of Hindu nationalists are included to illustrate this tension. The article concludes by claiming that Hindutva is an antithetical to secularism and human rights.
{"title":"Human rights and secularism in conflict with Hindutva: the Water controversy","authors":"Amit Singh","doi":"10.14195/2182-7982_40_3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14195/2182-7982_40_3","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses tension between human rights (including secularism) and Hindutva, the Hindu nationalists’ discourse. Particular focus is put on women’s rights and the right to freedom of expression and dissent in India using the film Water and the controversy associated with it in the north Indian district of Varanasi in 2000. Firstly, the relation between human rights, secularism and Hindutva/Hindu nationalism is discussed conceptually. This is followed by a discussion of the narratives of Hindutva’s followers in Varanasi and their involvement in the controversy surrounding the film Water. Extracts from interviews of Hindu nationalists are included to illustrate this tension. The article concludes by claiming that Hindutva is an antithetical to secularism and human rights.","PeriodicalId":40719,"journal":{"name":"Antropologia Portuguesa","volume":"24 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139009624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carolina Santiago-Vieira, Cristina Pedez, Leah Li, Rita De Cássia Ribeiro Silva, D. Rodrigues, A. Gama, A. Machado-Rodrigues, H. Nogueira, Maria Raquel Silva, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez
The present study aimed to evaluate the association of rapid weight gain (RWG) in early years with subsequent measures of adiposity in Portuguese children. We used data from a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of 5359 Portuguese children aged 3 to 5 years in 2009-10. Measures of adiposity indices included age-specific body mass index z-score (BAZ) and skinfold (suprailiac, subscapular and triceps) thickness. RWG was defined as the difference between z-scores of weightfor- age and birthweight > 0.67 Standard Deviation. Quantile regression models were used to estimate the difference in the 50th (median) and 90th (upper end) percentiles of each measure by RWG. Rapid weight gain in early years (62.5% of children) was associated with greater levels of BAZ and skinfold thickness measures, both for the median and 90th percentile. For the median, the difference was 1.08 (95% CI: 1.01-1.16) for BAZ, 1.11 mm (95% CI: 0.98-1.25) for suprailiac, 0.99 mm (95% CI: 0.87-1.11) for subscapular and 1.34 mm (95% CI: 1.11-1.57) for triceps skinfolds thickness after the adjustments. The increases in the 90th percentiles of adiposity measures associated with RWG were greater than those in median levels. RWG in childhood was associated with increased levels of adiposity measures, independent of prenatal and childhood factors.
{"title":"Association between rapid weight gain in early years and subsequent adiposity indices in Portuguese children aged 3 to 5 years","authors":"Carolina Santiago-Vieira, Cristina Pedez, Leah Li, Rita De Cássia Ribeiro Silva, D. Rodrigues, A. Gama, A. Machado-Rodrigues, H. Nogueira, Maria Raquel Silva, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez","doi":"10.14195/2182-7982_40_6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14195/2182-7982_40_6","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to evaluate the association of rapid weight gain (RWG) in early years with subsequent measures of adiposity in Portuguese children. We used data from a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of 5359 Portuguese children aged 3 to 5 years in 2009-10. Measures of adiposity indices included age-specific body mass index z-score (BAZ) and skinfold (suprailiac, subscapular and triceps) thickness. RWG was defined as the difference between z-scores of weightfor- age and birthweight > 0.67 Standard Deviation. Quantile regression models were used to estimate the difference in the 50th (median) and 90th (upper end) percentiles of each measure by RWG. Rapid weight gain in early years (62.5% of children) was associated with greater levels of BAZ and skinfold thickness measures, both for the median and 90th percentile. For the median, the difference was 1.08 (95% CI: 1.01-1.16) for BAZ, 1.11 mm (95% CI: 0.98-1.25) for suprailiac, 0.99 mm (95% CI: 0.87-1.11) for subscapular and 1.34 mm (95% CI: 1.11-1.57) for triceps skinfolds thickness after the adjustments. The increases in the 90th percentiles of adiposity measures associated with RWG were greater than those in median levels. RWG in childhood was associated with increased levels of adiposity measures, independent of prenatal and childhood factors.","PeriodicalId":40719,"journal":{"name":"Antropologia Portuguesa","volume":"19 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138977191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article focuses on the critical importance of knowledge, a key trait of human culture, in multi-species environmental coadaptation and niche co-construction in human evolutionary history. It draws upon two cases of hydraulic engineering and associated zoonotic epidemics in the Jordan Valley, which is part of the planetary crossroad of human migration and cultural (including knowledge) exchange since prehistoric times. The first case is based on existing archaeological studies of the Neolithic town of Jericho about 10,000 years ago and the second based on our ethnographic fieldwork on a Pumped-Storage Hydropower project in construction since 2017. This article does comparative analysis of knowledge for niche construction at local and planetary scales, following ecologists' recent observation of the Earth becoming one single ecosystem and human beings’ only ecological niche. It explores and calls for cross-disciplinary approaches to studying social-cultural processes of sharing and innovating knowledge adaptive to today’s planetary ecological changes.
{"title":"No Planet B: comparative reflections on hydraulic engineering and zoonotic epidemics in the Jordan Valley in Early Neolithic time and Twenty First Century","authors":"Shaozeng Zhang, Zhuo Chen","doi":"10.14195/2182-7982_40_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14195/2182-7982_40_1","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the critical importance of knowledge, a key trait of human culture, in multi-species environmental coadaptation and niche co-construction in human evolutionary history. It draws upon two cases of hydraulic engineering and associated zoonotic epidemics in the Jordan Valley, which is part of the planetary crossroad of human migration and cultural (including knowledge) exchange since prehistoric times. The first case is based on existing archaeological studies of the Neolithic town of Jericho about 10,000 years ago and the second based on our ethnographic fieldwork on a Pumped-Storage Hydropower project in construction since 2017. This article does comparative analysis of knowledge for niche construction at local and planetary scales, following ecologists' recent observation of the Earth becoming one single ecosystem and human beings’ only ecological niche. It explores and calls for cross-disciplinary approaches to studying social-cultural processes of sharing and innovating knowledge adaptive to today’s planetary ecological changes.","PeriodicalId":40719,"journal":{"name":"Antropologia Portuguesa","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139007329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on the results of ethnographic fieldwork carried out in residential institutions for the elderly which belong of the religious and International Congregation of the Little Sisters of the Abandoned Elderly, both national and foreign, in the following pages we address one of the main problems that affects that age group that bears the «mark» of old age. This problem is none other than loneliness, which, although it is not exclusive to the world of the elderly, has a notable incidence in this age group. Action is taken against the loneliness of the elderly in all the residences of that Congregation, resorting to what we call the ethic of care or “caring” that responds to a particular system of religious values, such as the Catholic one. Likewise, in all the centers that I have visited during mi fieldwork they try to avoid the isolation of the elderly by carrying out group activities with a supervisor.
{"title":"Loneliness in old age: an ethnography in residences for the elderly","authors":"Alejandro De Haro Honrubia","doi":"10.14195/2182-7982_40_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14195/2182-7982_40_4","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the results of ethnographic fieldwork carried out in residential institutions for the elderly which belong of the religious and International Congregation of the Little Sisters of the Abandoned Elderly, both national and foreign, in the following pages we address one of the main problems that affects that age group that bears the «mark» of old age. This problem is none other than loneliness, which, although it is not exclusive to the world of the elderly, has a notable incidence in this age group. Action is taken against the loneliness of the elderly in all the residences of that Congregation, resorting to what we call the ethic of care or “caring” that responds to a particular system of religious values, such as the Catholic one. Likewise, in all the centers that I have visited during mi fieldwork they try to avoid the isolation of the elderly by carrying out group activities with a supervisor.","PeriodicalId":40719,"journal":{"name":"Antropologia Portuguesa","volume":"40 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139008769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article draws on long-term fieldwork materials to explore a cosmological approach to the process of childcare among the Akha, an ethnic minority community in southwest of China. The article introduces the Akha definition of childhood in relation to their cosmology, showing how cosmological forces are vital to a child’s survival and health, and how this perception shapes villagers’ childcare practices. Children are viewed as creatures of both the human world and the ghost world, and human parents have to fight with ghosts to protect the life of their children. Two pairs of gods and goddesses of children pose additional threats to children’s survival and health, but they also bestow blessings and protection at ritual and daily occasions. Meanwhile, because children are born with souls, they might fall sick if their souls are scared away. Finally, there are two hostile beings associated with neighbouring ethnic groups that cause disease, or even death, to vulnerable children. To protect children from all these multiple life-threatening cosmological forces, Akha villagers have developed several ritual care practices such as daily caring acts, protective talisman, and healing rituals. These practices are meant to deal with cosmological forces, and as such, they transcend more secular dimensions of bodily and emotional care (including biomedicalized forms of care), thus broadening the meaning and the scope of what is conventionally understood to be included in the work of care by social scientists and medical professionals who approach the subject with a strictly secular paradigm.
{"title":"Ritual Care: How the Akha Take Care of Their Small Kids?","authors":"Ruijing Wang","doi":"10.14195/2182-7982_40_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14195/2182-7982_40_2","url":null,"abstract":"This article draws on long-term fieldwork materials to explore a cosmological approach to the process of childcare among the Akha, an ethnic minority community in southwest of China. The article introduces the Akha definition of childhood in relation to their cosmology, showing how cosmological forces are vital to a child’s survival and health, and how this perception shapes villagers’ childcare practices. Children are viewed as creatures of both the human world and the ghost world, and human parents have to fight with ghosts to protect the life of their children. Two pairs of gods and goddesses of children pose additional threats to children’s survival and health, but they also bestow blessings and protection at ritual and daily occasions. Meanwhile, because children are born with souls, they might fall sick if their souls are scared away. Finally, there are two hostile beings associated with neighbouring ethnic groups that cause disease, or even death, to vulnerable children. To protect children from all these multiple life-threatening cosmological forces, Akha villagers have developed several ritual care practices such as daily caring acts, protective talisman, and healing rituals. These practices are meant to deal with cosmological forces, and as such, they transcend more secular dimensions of bodily and emotional care (including biomedicalized forms of care), thus broadening the meaning and the scope of what is conventionally understood to be included in the work of care by social scientists and medical professionals who approach the subject with a strictly secular paradigm.","PeriodicalId":40719,"journal":{"name":"Antropologia Portuguesa","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139008570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reproductive practices like childbirth cannot be simple and take place only within households and communities when science and technology become solutions to social issues. Science and technology bring not only choices to reproductive consumers but also challenges. However, we know very little about how people actually make decisions when it comes to reproductive matters. Santos’ Chinese village life today and Gottschang’s Formulas for motherhood in Chinese hospital generously discuss this issue of reproductive choices and struggles in a context — China — that has been undergoing profound largescale social and cultural transformations since the 1980s and 1990s. Santos’ monograph is not just about matters of reproduction, but this theme is central to the main argument of the book regarding the increasing role of science and technology in the governance of family and community life. I chose these two books because they speak to each other in the way they approach the increasing medicalization and technologization of reproductive practices (such as family planning, pregnancy, childbirth, and/or postpartum recovery) from the perspective of women and their families. The two books provide a highly detailed and nuanced ethnographic picture of women’s reproductive experiences and changing Unveiled “intimate choices” in rural and urban China
生育等生殖做法不可能是简单的，只有在科学和技术成为社会问题解决方案时，才能在家庭和社区内进行。科学技术不仅给生殖消费者带来了选择，也带来了挑战。然而，我们对人们在生殖问题上是如何做出决定的知之甚少。桑托斯（Santos）的《今日中国乡村生活》（Chinese village life today）和戈特尚（Gottschang。桑托斯的专著不仅涉及生殖问题，而且这一主题是本书关于科学技术在家庭和社区生活治理中日益重要作用的主要论点的核心。我之所以选择这两本书，是因为它们从女性及其家庭的角度出发，探讨了生殖实践（如计划生育、怀孕、分娩和/或产后康复）日益医学化和技术化的问题。这两本书提供了一幅非常详细和细致入微的民族志画面，描绘了中国农村和城市女性的生育经历和不断变化的“亲密选择”
{"title":"Unveiled “intimate choices” in rural and urban China","authors":"Huiyi Huang","doi":"10.14195/2182-7982_39_6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14195/2182-7982_39_6","url":null,"abstract":"Reproductive practices like childbirth cannot be simple and take place only within households and communities when science and technology become solutions to social issues. Science and technology bring not only choices to reproductive consumers but also challenges. However, we know very little about how people actually make decisions when it comes to reproductive matters. Santos’ Chinese village life today and Gottschang’s Formulas for motherhood in Chinese hospital generously discuss this issue of reproductive choices and struggles in a context — China — that has been undergoing profound largescale social and cultural transformations since the 1980s and 1990s. Santos’ monograph is not just about matters of reproduction, but this theme is central to the main argument of the book regarding the increasing role of science and technology in the governance of family and community life. I chose these two books because they speak to each other in the way they approach the increasing medicalization and technologization of reproductive practices (such as family planning, pregnancy, childbirth, and/or postpartum recovery) from the perspective of women and their families. The two books provide a highly detailed and nuanced ethnographic picture of women’s reproductive experiences and changing Unveiled “intimate choices” in rural and urban China","PeriodicalId":40719,"journal":{"name":"Antropologia Portuguesa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48780153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Este artigo oferece uma nova forma de entender a Ásia Central ex-soviética a partir da intersecção entre a etnografia e o pensamento de Édouard Glissant, que elabora o conceito de rizoma de Deleuze e Guattari. Meu argumento é que uma crítica política do modo como as identidades centro-asiáticas são vividas e exibidas pode ser feita sem recorrer ao papel que o Estado desempenha na vida cotidiana, virando de cabeça para baixo a abordagem centrada na antropologia do Estado. A relacionalidade é apresentada como a alternativa rizomática em uma análise não essencialista das identidades.
{"title":"Relacionalidade e desenraizamento","authors":"Soledad Jiménez Tovar","doi":"10.14195/2182-7982_39_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14195/2182-7982_39_4","url":null,"abstract":"Este artigo oferece uma nova forma de entender a Ásia Central ex-soviética a partir da intersecção entre a etnografia e o pensamento de Édouard Glissant, que elabora o conceito de rizoma de Deleuze e Guattari. Meu argumento é que uma crítica política do modo como as identidades centro-asiáticas são vividas e exibidas pode ser feita sem recorrer ao papel que o Estado desempenha na vida cotidiana, virando de cabeça para baixo a abordagem centrada na antropologia do Estado. A relacionalidade é apresentada como a alternativa rizomática em uma análise não essencialista das identidades.","PeriodicalId":40719,"journal":{"name":"Antropologia Portuguesa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49121544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a high prevalence of rib fractures in human remains from archeological contexts, but these are seldom the focus in paleopathological studies pertaining skeletal trauma. This study aims to document rib fracture patterns in the Coimbra Identified Skeletal Collection, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra. Specific aims of this study included the estimation of rib fracture prevalence in 252 individuals, from both sexes (females: 128; males: 124), with age-at-death varying from 20 to 96 years; and the analysis of the relationship between rib fractures and age-at-death, biological sex, and bone mineral density measured at the proximal femur. The crude prevalence of rib fractures is 6.3% (16 cases in a total of 252 individuals observed); while the true prevalence rate is 0.7% (38 fractured ribs in relation to 5656 ribs studied). Males have been more affected than females (males: 10.5%, 13/124; females: 2.3%, 3/128). Individuals with one or more rib fractures were significantly older (mean=66.19 years old; standard deviation [SD]=14.08) than those who have not experienced any rib fracture (mean=50.41 years old; SD=19.45). Bone mineral density was also associated with the presence of rib fractures but only in females. These results expand the scientific awareness about the prevalence of rib fractures in human skeletal collections.
{"title":"Rib fractures in the Coimbra Identified Skeletal Collection","authors":"F. Curate, E. Cunha","doi":"10.14195/2182-7982_39_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14195/2182-7982_39_1","url":null,"abstract":"There is a high prevalence of rib fractures in human remains from archeological contexts, but these are seldom the focus in paleopathological studies pertaining skeletal trauma. This study aims to document rib fracture patterns in the Coimbra Identified Skeletal Collection, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra. Specific aims of this study included the estimation of rib fracture prevalence in 252 individuals, from both sexes (females: 128; males: 124), with age-at-death varying from 20 to 96 years; and the analysis of the relationship between rib fractures and age-at-death, biological sex, and bone mineral density measured at the proximal femur. The crude prevalence of rib fractures is 6.3% (16 cases in a total of 252 individuals observed); while the true prevalence rate is 0.7% (38 fractured ribs in relation to 5656 ribs studied). Males have been more affected than females (males: 10.5%, 13/124; females: 2.3%, 3/128). Individuals with one or more rib fractures were significantly older (mean=66.19 years old; standard deviation [SD]=14.08) than those who have not experienced any rib fracture (mean=50.41 years old; SD=19.45). Bone mineral density was also associated with the presence of rib fractures but only in females. These results expand the scientific awareness about the prevalence of rib fractures in human skeletal collections.","PeriodicalId":40719,"journal":{"name":"Antropologia Portuguesa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46468365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI), particularly the late time since death, is a crucial issue when dealing with human remains. Its establishment is an important task for forensic scientists since it has important legal implications such as identifying a victim or prosecuting an offender. However, dating death is a very complex and challenging task due to the amount of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, that may influence the rate and nature of body decomposition. Many methods have been used to estimate PMI, from classical decomposition methods to entomological and botanical methods or more recently physics and biochemical methods. This paper reviews current forensic dating methods, focusing especially on forensic anthropological techniques. Nevertheless, the existing literature is insufficient, denoting a lack of effective methods to achieve an accurate and reliable PMI estimation and further investigation is required. A holistic approach, where every element must be considered, is the key to achieving a reliable estimation of PMI. Interdisciplinarity is thus mandatory, allied with the capacity of forensic anthropologists to denote all the details.
{"title":"Dating death","authors":"Catarina Ermida, E. Cunha, M. T. Ferreira","doi":"10.14195/2182-7982_39_3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14195/2182-7982_39_3","url":null,"abstract":"The estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI), particularly the late time since death, is a crucial issue when dealing with human remains. Its establishment is an important task for forensic scientists since it has important legal implications such as identifying a victim or prosecuting an offender. However, dating death is a very complex and challenging task due to the amount of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, that may influence the rate and nature of body decomposition. Many methods have been used to estimate PMI, from classical decomposition methods to entomological and botanical methods or more recently physics and biochemical methods. \u0000This paper reviews current forensic dating methods, focusing especially on forensic anthropological techniques. Nevertheless, the existing literature is insufficient, denoting a lack of effective methods to achieve an accurate and reliable PMI estimation and further investigation is required. A holistic approach, where every element must be considered, is the key to achieving a reliable estimation of PMI. Interdisciplinarity is thus mandatory, allied with the capacity of forensic anthropologists to denote all the details.","PeriodicalId":40719,"journal":{"name":"Antropologia Portuguesa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47167607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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