The potential impact of mesoscale patterns of winds, clouds and aerosols upon satellite based lidar estimates of the global winds are discussed with examples taken from a NASA simulation study.
{"title":"Influence of coherent mesoscale structure on satellite-based Doppler lidar wind measurements","authors":"G. Emmitt, S. Houston","doi":"10.1364/clr.1983.tuc2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/clr.1983.tuc2","url":null,"abstract":"The potential impact of mesoscale patterns of winds, clouds and aerosols upon satellite based lidar estimates of the global winds are discussed with examples taken from a NASA simulation study.","PeriodicalId":408663,"journal":{"name":"2nd Topical Meeting on Coherent Laser Radar: Technology and Applications","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115320568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effective use of coherent optical systems in the field, such as lasers, depends strongly on maintaining a relatively high degree of lateral phase coherence over mutual separations that correspond to aperture sizes of practical concern. It is anticipated that such systems, to be of any general utility, will operate under a wide variety of environmental conditions such as clear-air turbulence, rain, fog, snow, etc. In this paper we investigate, theoretically, the effect of rain-induced optical phase fluctuations of an initially coherent wave propagating through the lower atmosphere. In this regard it should be mentioned that clear-air turbulence-induced phase fluctuations have been thoroughly investigated and are well documented in the literature(1). Although rain-induced irradiance fluctuation has been considered previously,(2) this paper, to the best of our knowledge, is the first treatment of rain-induced phase fluctuations and their associated effects on coherent optical systems.
{"title":"Rainfall-Induced Optical Phase Fluctuations in the Atmosphere","authors":"H. Yura, K. Barthel, W. Büchtemann","doi":"10.1364/JOSA.73.001574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.73.001574","url":null,"abstract":"The effective use of coherent optical systems in the field, such as lasers, depends strongly on maintaining a relatively high degree of lateral phase coherence over mutual separations that correspond to aperture sizes of practical concern. It is anticipated that such systems, to be of any general utility, will operate under a wide variety of environmental conditions such as clear-air turbulence, rain, fog, snow, etc. In this paper we investigate, theoretically, the effect of rain-induced optical phase fluctuations of an initially coherent wave propagating through the lower atmosphere. In this regard it should be mentioned that clear-air turbulence-induced phase fluctuations have been thoroughly investigated and are well documented in the literature(1). Although rain-induced irradiance fluctuation has been considered previously,(2) this paper, to the best of our knowledge, is the first treatment of rain-induced phase fluctuations and their associated effects on coherent optical systems.","PeriodicalId":408663,"journal":{"name":"2nd Topical Meeting on Coherent Laser Radar: Technology and Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125178876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A miniaturized 5 watt CO2 LDV will be demonstrated. This LDV is used as a diagnostic remote wind and turbulence sensor to probe the first few meters of the atmosphere.
{"title":"Miniaturized Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV)","authors":"D. Dickson","doi":"10.1364/clr.1983.md1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/clr.1983.md1","url":null,"abstract":"A miniaturized 5 watt CO2 LDV will be demonstrated. This LDV is used as a diagnostic remote wind and turbulence sensor to probe the first few meters of the atmosphere.","PeriodicalId":408663,"journal":{"name":"2nd Topical Meeting on Coherent Laser Radar: Technology and Applications","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114898105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Remus, C. Werner, V. Wilckens, F. Lehmann, W. Wiesemann, W. Englisch
During the last few years the CO2-laser heterodyne system DIALEX has been used in the DFVLR-twin engined aircraft DO 28 to measure atmospheric water vapor and trace gases (SF6) (Wiesemann and Rother 1982). Laboratory measurements of soil reflectance show some significant wavelength dependency (Shumate et al., 1981, Boscher and Lehmann 1980).
在过去的几年中，二氧化碳激光外差系统DIALEX已经在dfvlr双引擎飞机DO 28上使用，以测量大气水蒸气和微量气体(SF6) (Wiesemann和Rother 1982)。土壤反射率的实验室测量显示出一些显著的波长依赖性(Shumate et al.， 1981; Boscher and Lehmann, 1980)。
{"title":"Test of an Airborne Differential Reflection CO2-Laser System to Measure Soil Parameters","authors":"G. Remus, C. Werner, V. Wilckens, F. Lehmann, W. Wiesemann, W. Englisch","doi":"10.1364/clr.1983.tha2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/clr.1983.tha2","url":null,"abstract":"During the last few years the CO2-laser heterodyne system DIALEX has been used in the DFVLR-twin engined aircraft DO 28 to measure atmospheric water vapor and trace gases (SF6) (Wiesemann and Rother 1982). Laboratory measurements of soil reflectance show some significant wavelength dependency (Shumate et al., 1981, Boscher and Lehmann 1980).","PeriodicalId":408663,"journal":{"name":"2nd Topical Meeting on Coherent Laser Radar: Technology and Applications","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114175705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Regions of brightness variations are often observed in the visible and near-infrared satellite images of cloud-free, coastal regions. Fett and Isaacs (1979) hypothesized that these brightness variations result from changes in low-level aerosol particles distributions due to relative humidity fluctuations. This hypothesis was tested theoretically by Isaacs (1980) and was found to be plausible. Hindman et al, (1983) found that satellite detected radiance and simultaneously measured particles concentrations show an apparent positive relationship, but that more data are needed to make any firm conclusion.
在无云的沿海地区的可见光和近红外卫星图像中经常观察到亮度变化的区域。Fett和Isaacs(1979)假设这些亮度变化是由于相对湿度波动引起的低层气溶胶颗粒分布的变化造成的。艾萨克斯(1980)从理论上验证了这一假设，并发现它是合理的。Hindman et al，(1983)发现卫星探测到的辐射强度与同时测量到的粒子浓度呈明显的正相关关系，但需要更多的数据才能得出确切的结论。
{"title":"Relationships between Satellite Detected Radiance and Simultaneously Measured Marine Aerosols and State Variables","authors":"D. R. Jensen, P. A. Durkee, E. Hindman","doi":"10.1364/clr.1983.tuc6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/clr.1983.tuc6","url":null,"abstract":"Regions of brightness variations are often observed in the visible and near-infrared satellite images of cloud-free, coastal regions. Fett and Isaacs (1979) hypothesized that these brightness variations result from changes in low-level aerosol particles distributions due to relative humidity fluctuations. This hypothesis was tested theoretically by Isaacs (1980) and was found to be plausible. Hindman et al, (1983) found that satellite detected radiance and simultaneously measured particles concentrations show an apparent positive relationship, but that more data are needed to make any firm conclusion.","PeriodicalId":408663,"journal":{"name":"2nd Topical Meeting on Coherent Laser Radar: Technology and Applications","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131444021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The spectrum of Rayleigh scattered light contains information about the temperature. Measuring principles are discussed. A system is analyzed. It has the potential for measuring the temperature at ranges up to 10 km in a few minutes. Problems in the implementation are discussed. Tentative measurements are presented.
{"title":"Measurement of Atmospheric Temperature","authors":"L. Lading, A. S. Jensen, E. Rasmussen","doi":"10.1364/clr.1983.tha9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/clr.1983.tha9","url":null,"abstract":"The spectrum of Rayleigh scattered light contains information about the temperature. Measuring principles are discussed. A system is analyzed. It has the potential for measuring the temperature at ranges up to 10 km in a few minutes. Problems in the implementation are discussed. Tentative measurements are presented.","PeriodicalId":408663,"journal":{"name":"2nd Topical Meeting on Coherent Laser Radar: Technology and Applications","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128211938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our recent experimental study1 of the relative technical merits of heterodyne and direct-detection CO2 DIAL for path-averaged remote sensing was carried out using LIDAR backscattered returns from topographic targets. In these studies, the average SNR's and statistical and temporal characteristics of the LIDAR returns were measured simultaneously for each detection technique. The experimental results were found to be in good agreement with a simple analysis which predicted the relative sensitivity of each detection technique for path-averaged measurements. The detection systems used in the above experiments were not optimized for either of the two detection techniques.
{"title":"Analytical Comparison of Optimized Heterodyne and Direct-Detection CO2 Lidar for Atmospheric Remote Sensing*","authors":"D. Killinger, N. Menyuk","doi":"10.1364/clr.1983.tha5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/clr.1983.tha5","url":null,"abstract":"Our recent experimental study1 of the relative technical merits of heterodyne and direct-detection CO2 DIAL for path-averaged remote sensing was carried out using LIDAR backscattered returns from topographic targets. In these studies, the average SNR's and statistical and temporal characteristics of the LIDAR returns were measured simultaneously for each detection technique. The experimental results were found to be in good agreement with a simple analysis which predicted the relative sensitivity of each detection technique for path-averaged measurements. The detection systems used in the above experiments were not optimized for either of the two detection techniques.","PeriodicalId":408663,"journal":{"name":"2nd Topical Meeting on Coherent Laser Radar: Technology and Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127911997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The DFVLR infrared Doppler lidar is a cw homodyne system designed for boundary layer wind measurements, especially for aircraft related wind phenomena like the low level jet, shear winds and wake vorticities. The system is similar in size and optical layout to Doppler lidars in other research groups (as for example Schwiesow et al.1981). It has features to make convenient wind determination. Three of these features are scanning, readout, and data reduction. The on-line data system is described in this part.
DFVLR红外多普勒激光雷达是一种用于边界层风测量的连续波同差系统，特别是与飞机相关的风现象，如低空急流、切变风和尾流涡度。该系统在尺寸和光学布局上与其他研究小组的多普勒激光雷达相似(例如Schwiesow et al.1981)。具有方便测风的特点。其中三个特性是扫描、读出和数据缩减。本部分描述了在线数据系统。
{"title":"On-Line Data System for the DFVLR-Laser-Doppler-Anemometer","authors":"F. Bachstein, C. Werner, F. Köpp","doi":"10.1364/clr.1983.wa3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/clr.1983.wa3","url":null,"abstract":"The DFVLR infrared Doppler lidar is a cw homodyne system designed for boundary layer wind measurements, especially for aircraft related wind phenomena like the low level jet, shear winds and wake vorticities. The system is similar in size and optical layout to Doppler lidars in other research groups (as for example Schwiesow et al.1981). It has features to make convenient wind determination. Three of these features are scanning, readout, and data reduction. The on-line data system is described in this part.","PeriodicalId":408663,"journal":{"name":"2nd Topical Meeting on Coherent Laser Radar: Technology and Applications","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122327578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current status of analog SAW technology and digital algorithms such as pulse pair, poly pulse pair, maximum likelihood and maximum entropy spectral parameter estimators are discussed.
讨论了模拟声表面波技术以及脉冲对、多脉冲对、最大似然和最大熵谱参数估计等数字算法的研究现状。
{"title":"Doppler Spectrum Estimates","authors":"H. Groginsky","doi":"10.1364/clr.1983.wa1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/clr.1983.wa1","url":null,"abstract":"Current status of analog SAW technology and digital algorithms such as pulse pair, poly pulse pair, maximum likelihood and maximum entropy spectral parameter estimators are discussed.","PeriodicalId":408663,"journal":{"name":"2nd Topical Meeting on Coherent Laser Radar: Technology and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131380453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Wiesemann, M. Rother, W. Englisch, F. Lehmann, C. Werner
The Airborne DIALEX instrument /1/ is an active single-ended dual-wavelength sensor. At present it is equipped with two line-tunable cw CO2 lasers and employs heterodyne detection. The return signal is provided by scattering and reflection at the earth's surface. The processed signal takes the form Filtering the differential albedo effect provides a new exciting possibility for active remote sensing of earth surface spectral signatures. Instruments of the DIALEX-type are well suited for this purpose because the coherent detection scheme provides the required sensitivity even at high flight altitudes.
{"title":"Airborne Remote Sensing of Earth Surface Signatures with the DIALEX Instrument","authors":"W. Wiesemann, M. Rother, W. Englisch, F. Lehmann, C. Werner","doi":"10.1364/clr.1983.tha3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/clr.1983.tha3","url":null,"abstract":"The Airborne DIALEX instrument /1/ is an active single-ended dual-wavelength sensor. At present it is equipped with two line-tunable cw CO2 lasers and employs heterodyne detection. The return signal is provided by scattering and reflection at the earth's surface. The processed signal takes the form Filtering the differential albedo effect provides a new exciting possibility for active remote sensing of earth surface spectral signatures. Instruments of the DIALEX-type are well suited for this purpose because the coherent detection scheme provides the required sensitivity even at high flight altitudes.","PeriodicalId":408663,"journal":{"name":"2nd Topical Meeting on Coherent Laser Radar: Technology and Applications","volume":"229 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134144011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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