AIMS Allergy and Immunology最新文献_第2页

The immune system through the ages 免疫系统历经岁月

IF 0.7 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

AIMS Allergy and Immunology

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2022013

K. Rosenthal, Jordan B. Baker

The components of the immune system develop in utero and like a computer, some components are immediately functional (the innate components) but other components must learn the programs and details necessary to function (antigen adaptive components). Like other systems, including military and municipal, the innate and antigen specific components develop into an immune system that helps maintain and surveil the other body processes and systems for aberrations, provide surveillance and protection of the mucoepithelial borders and protection from microbial invasion. Inability, excesses, or errors in these processes cause disease. Aging of the immune system brings immunosenescence, inflammaging, more errors, and decreased surveillance which increases risk for new infections (e.g. COVID-19, influenza), recurrence of latent infections, cancer and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. With greater understanding of the surveillance, effector and regulatory deficits upon aging, better therapies can be developed.

免疫系统的组成部分在子宫内发育，就像电脑一样，一些组成部分立即起作用(先天组成部分)，但其他组成部分必须学习功能所需的程序和细节(抗原适应组成部分)。像其他系统一样，包括军事和市政，先天和抗原特异性成分发展成一个免疫系统，帮助维持和监视其他身体过程和系统的畸变，提供监视和保护粘膜上皮边界和保护免受微生物入侵。这些过程中的无能、过度或错误会导致疾病。免疫系统的衰老带来免疫衰老、炎症、更多错误和监测减少，从而增加新感染(如COVID-19、流感)、潜伏感染、癌症、自身免疫性和炎症性疾病复发的风险。随着对衰老的监测、效应和调控缺陷的更深入了解，可以开发出更好的治疗方法。

引用次数: 1

Etiology model for many vaccination adverse reactions, including SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccines 许多疫苗接种不良反应的病因学模型，包括SARS-CoV-2刺突疫苗

IF 0.7 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

AIMS Allergy and Immunology

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2022015

D. Ricke

Objective Vaccinated individuals (vaccinees) experience no adverse events, mild adverse events, multiple adverse events, or serious adverse events post vaccination. Many of these vaccine adverse events occur with different vaccines with different occurrence frequencies. Many of these adverse events are generally considered as associated with immune responses to the active vaccine components (antigens) and/or to possibly one or more of the vaccine excipients. Most of these vaccine adverse events are self-limiting and resolve within days. The number of vaccine adverse reactions is higher for SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccines than all other vaccines. Can data analysis of vaccine adverse reactions responses provide etiology insights for high reactogenicity vaccines? Methods The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) database was data mined for all vaccine adverse events data by vaccine, age, gender, dose, and day of onset post vaccination. Results for vaccines with the highest number of adverse events were compared. Results For vaccines and adverse events with the highest numbers of reports, the day of onset approximates a power of two decay pattern for the first three days. The consistency of this pattern for multiple unrelated vaccines narrows possible etiology mechanisms. Many of these adverse event symptoms overlap symptoms associated with elevated histamine levels. Herein, innate immune responses and specifically elevated histamine levels are proposed to be causative for the majority of these adverse events. This hypothesis is based on a model of innate immune responses releasing a surge of inflammatory molecules, including histamine; this surge is hypothesized to exceed the normal histamine tolerance level for vaccinees causing reactogenicity adverse events. Further, these symptoms resolve as histamine levels fall below the vaccinee's tolerance threshold. This model can be evaluated by the detection of elevated histamine levels in vaccinees corresponding to timing of symptoms onset. If confirmed, a direct consequence of this model predicts that specific antihistamine treatments, mast cell stabilizers, and possibly diamine oxidase enzyme may reduce the incidence or severity of adverse events experienced by vaccinees post vaccinations for most or all high reactogenicity vaccines including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spike vaccines. Conclusions The reported onset occurrences of the majority of reported adverse events are consistent with the likely etiology of innate immune responses to vaccinations for vaccines with higher reactogenicity levels. Herein, the hypothesis is proposed that the majority of these adverse events result from a histamine surge that temporarily exceeds the vaccinee's tolerance level.

目的接种疫苗的个体(接种者)在接种后没有不良事件、轻度不良事件、多重不良事件或严重不良事件。许多疫苗不良事件发生在不同的疫苗上，发生频率也不同。许多这些不良事件通常被认为与对活性疫苗成分(抗原)和/或可能对一种或多种疫苗辅料的免疫反应有关。这些疫苗不良事件大多数是自限性的，并在几天内消退。SARS-CoV-2刺突疫苗的疫苗不良反应数量高于所有其他疫苗。疫苗不良反应反应的数据分析能否为高反应原性疫苗提供病因学见解?方法采用疫苗不良事件报告系统(VAERS)数据库，按疫苗、年龄、性别、剂量、接种后发病日期等分类，对所有疫苗不良事件数据进行挖掘。结果与不良事件数量最多的疫苗进行比较。结果对于报告数量最多的疫苗和不良事件，发病日在前三天近似为2次幂衰减模式。多种不相关疫苗的这种模式的一致性缩小了可能的病因机制。许多不良事件症状与组胺水平升高相关的症状重叠。在这里，先天免疫反应和特异性升高的组胺水平被认为是大多数这些不良事件的原因。这一假设是基于先天免疫反应模型，该模型释放了大量炎症分子，包括组胺;据推测，这种激增超过了疫苗接种者正常的组胺耐受水平，导致了反应性不良事件。此外，当组胺水平低于接种者的耐受阈值时，这些症状就会消失。该模型可以通过检测与症状发作时间相对应的疫苗接种者组胺水平升高来评估。如果得到证实，该模型的直接结果预测，特定的抗组胺治疗、肥大细胞稳定剂和可能的二胺氧化酶可能会降低疫苗接种者在接种大多数或所有高反应性疫苗(包括2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)刺突疫苗)后经历的不良事件的发生率或严重程度。结论:报告的大多数不良事件的起病发生率与较高反应原性水平的疫苗接种的先天免疫应答的可能病因一致。本文提出的假设是，大多数不良事件是由组胺激增暂时超过疫苗接种者的耐受水平引起的。

{"title":"Etiology model for many vaccination adverse reactions, including SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccines","authors":"D. Ricke","doi":"10.3934/allergy.2022015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/allergy.2022015","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Vaccinated individuals (vaccinees) experience no adverse events, mild adverse events, multiple adverse events, or serious adverse events post vaccination. Many of these vaccine adverse events occur with different vaccines with different occurrence frequencies. Many of these adverse events are generally considered as associated with immune responses to the active vaccine components (antigens) and/or to possibly one or more of the vaccine excipients. Most of these vaccine adverse events are self-limiting and resolve within days. The number of vaccine adverse reactions is higher for SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccines than all other vaccines. Can data analysis of vaccine adverse reactions responses provide etiology insights for high reactogenicity vaccines? Methods The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) database was data mined for all vaccine adverse events data by vaccine, age, gender, dose, and day of onset post vaccination. Results for vaccines with the highest number of adverse events were compared. Results For vaccines and adverse events with the highest numbers of reports, the day of onset approximates a power of two decay pattern for the first three days. The consistency of this pattern for multiple unrelated vaccines narrows possible etiology mechanisms. Many of these adverse event symptoms overlap symptoms associated with elevated histamine levels. Herein, innate immune responses and specifically elevated histamine levels are proposed to be causative for the majority of these adverse events. This hypothesis is based on a model of innate immune responses releasing a surge of inflammatory molecules, including histamine; this surge is hypothesized to exceed the normal histamine tolerance level for vaccinees causing reactogenicity adverse events. Further, these symptoms resolve as histamine levels fall below the vaccinee's tolerance threshold. This model can be evaluated by the detection of elevated histamine levels in vaccinees corresponding to timing of symptoms onset. If confirmed, a direct consequence of this model predicts that specific antihistamine treatments, mast cell stabilizers, and possibly diamine oxidase enzyme may reduce the incidence or severity of adverse events experienced by vaccinees post vaccinations for most or all high reactogenicity vaccines including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spike vaccines. Conclusions The reported onset occurrences of the majority of reported adverse events are consistent with the likely etiology of innate immune responses to vaccinations for vaccines with higher reactogenicity levels. Herein, the hypothesis is proposed that the majority of these adverse events result from a histamine surge that temporarily exceeds the vaccinee's tolerance level.","PeriodicalId":40916,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Allergy and Immunology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70184288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multiple sclerosis and allergic diseases: is there a relationship? 多发性硬化症和过敏性疾病:有关系吗?

IF 0.7 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

AIMS Allergy and Immunology

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2022011

L. Aielli, Federica Serra, E. Costantini

Immune system disorders characterize various diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and allergic diseases (AD). In MS, T-helper (Th)1 cell phenotype is responsible for the disease onset and long-term evolution. On the other hand, excessive Th2 cell activity has been demonstrated in AD. The simultaneous increase of MS and AD in the same geographical areas, observed in recent years, has questioned the mutually exclusive correlation between MS and AD immunopathogenesis supported by the Th1/Th2 paradigm and has moved the interest in understanding possible overlaps. This manuscript aims to discuss the literature, collected over the past two decades, about the association between MS and AD, and both experimental and epidemiological studies have been reviewed. The results do not provide a solid correlation between AD and MS, although experimental studies support the involvement of the same cells and molecules in the immunopathogenesis of both diseases. Further studies, increasing knowledge on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in these two disorders, could help to clarify if a positive or negative association links them and provide the possibility for the development of new therapies.

免疫系统紊乱是多种疾病的特征，如多发性硬化症(MS)和过敏性疾病(AD)。在MS中，t -辅助性(Th)1细胞表型与疾病的发病和长期演变有关。另一方面，过度的Th2细胞活性已在AD中得到证实。近年来，在同一地理区域观察到MS和AD同时增加，这对MS和AD免疫发病机制之间由Th1/Th2范式支持的互斥相关性提出了质疑，并对理解可能的重叠产生了兴趣。本文旨在讨论过去二十年来收集的关于MS和AD之间关系的文献，并对实验和流行病学研究进行了综述。尽管实验研究支持在两种疾病的免疫发病机制中涉及相同的细胞和分子，但结果并未提供AD和MS之间的可靠相关性。进一步的研究，增加对这两种疾病所涉及的细胞和分子机制的了解，可能有助于澄清它们之间是否存在积极或消极的联系，并为开发新疗法提供可能性。

{"title":"Multiple sclerosis and allergic diseases: is there a relationship?","authors":"L. Aielli, Federica Serra, E. Costantini","doi":"10.3934/allergy.2022011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/allergy.2022011","url":null,"abstract":"Immune system disorders characterize various diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and allergic diseases (AD). In MS, T-helper (Th)1 cell phenotype is responsible for the disease onset and long-term evolution. On the other hand, excessive Th2 cell activity has been demonstrated in AD. The simultaneous increase of MS and AD in the same geographical areas, observed in recent years, has questioned the mutually exclusive correlation between MS and AD immunopathogenesis supported by the Th1/Th2 paradigm and has moved the interest in understanding possible overlaps. This manuscript aims to discuss the literature, collected over the past two decades, about the association between MS and AD, and both experimental and epidemiological studies have been reviewed. The results do not provide a solid correlation between AD and MS, although experimental studies support the involvement of the same cells and molecules in the immunopathogenesis of both diseases. Further studies, increasing knowledge on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in these two disorders, could help to clarify if a positive or negative association links them and provide the possibility for the development of new therapies.","PeriodicalId":40916,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Allergy and Immunology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70184145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Urinary VPAC1: A potential biomarker in prostate cancer 尿VPAC1:前列腺癌的潜在生物标志物

IF 0.7 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

AIMS Allergy and Immunology

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2022006

Mansur Aliyu, A. Saboor-Yaraghi, Shima Nejati, Behrouz Robat-Jazi

Prostate cancer is ranked as the fourth most prevalent cancer commonly diagnosed among males over 40 years of age, according to the WHO Cancer Fact Sheet 2020, and it is additionally a leading cause of cancer mortality among males. The incidence of prostate cancer and mortality varied significantly across the globe. Diagnosis of prostate cancer hinders easier management of cases, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) use for screening of prostate cancer has poor specificity and sensitivity, thereby yielding overdiagnosis and unnecessary biopsies. Radiologically guided (ultrasound/MRI) prostate biopsy, considered the gold standard, is invasive and can miss a significant number of metastatic cancers. Even though mild, other prostate biopsy complications occur on a large scale, and few severe ones are often recorded. Scientists intensify their search for biomarker(s) for non-invasive diagnosis of prostate cancer using proteomics, metabolomics, genomics, and bioinformatics—urinary biomarkers were uniquely on the lookout. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)/pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) receptor 1 (VPAC1), which is overexpressed (a thousandfold) in prostate cancer at the onset of oncogenesis and is excreted in the urine on tumor cells, is a contender in the prostate cancer biomarker quest. VPAC1 is ubiquitous, expressed by normal and malignant cells, and interwoven in their cell membranes. Therefore, using urine samples limits the possibility of making the wrong diagnosis, since VPAC1 is not normally excreted in the urine. Nevertheless, studying transmembrane receptors is intricate. However, producing monoclonal antibodies against the N-terminal end of VPAC1 can provide a promising target for designing a non-invasive diagnostic assay for early detection of prostate cancer using a urine sample.

根据世界卫生组织《2020年癌症概况》，前列腺癌在40岁以上男性中被列为第四大常见癌症，也是男性癌症死亡的主要原因。前列腺癌的发病率和死亡率在全球范围内差异很大。前列腺癌的诊断不利于病例的管理，使用前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)筛查前列腺癌的特异性和敏感性较差，从而导致过度诊断和不必要的活检。放射学引导(超声/MRI)前列腺活检被认为是金标准，是侵入性的，可能会遗漏大量转移性癌症。其他前列腺活检并发症虽然轻微，但也大量发生，很少有严重的记录。科学家们利用蛋白质组学、代谢组学、基因组学和生物信息学加强了对前列腺癌非侵入性诊断的生物标志物的研究——尿液生物标志物是唯一值得关注的。血管活性肠肽(VIP)/垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活肽(PACAP)受体1 (VPAC1)在前列腺癌发病时过表达(千倍)，并通过尿液排泄到肿瘤细胞上，是前列腺癌生物标志物探索中的一个竞争者。VPAC1无所不在，在正常细胞和恶性细胞中表达，并交织在细胞膜中。因此，使用尿液样本限制了做出错误诊断的可能性，因为VPAC1通常不随尿液排出。然而，研究跨膜受体是复杂的。然而，生产针对VPAC1 n末端的单克隆抗体可以为设计一种非侵入性诊断检测方法提供一个有希望的靶点，用于使用尿液样本早期检测前列腺癌。

{"title":"Urinary VPAC1: A potential biomarker in prostate cancer","authors":"Mansur Aliyu, A. Saboor-Yaraghi, Shima Nejati, Behrouz Robat-Jazi","doi":"10.3934/allergy.2022006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/allergy.2022006","url":null,"abstract":"Prostate cancer is ranked as the fourth most prevalent cancer commonly diagnosed among males over 40 years of age, according to the WHO Cancer Fact Sheet 2020, and it is additionally a leading cause of cancer mortality among males. The incidence of prostate cancer and mortality varied significantly across the globe. Diagnosis of prostate cancer hinders easier management of cases, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) use for screening of prostate cancer has poor specificity and sensitivity, thereby yielding overdiagnosis and unnecessary biopsies. Radiologically guided (ultrasound/MRI) prostate biopsy, considered the gold standard, is invasive and can miss a significant number of metastatic cancers. Even though mild, other prostate biopsy complications occur on a large scale, and few severe ones are often recorded. Scientists intensify their search for biomarker(s) for non-invasive diagnosis of prostate cancer using proteomics, metabolomics, genomics, and bioinformatics—urinary biomarkers were uniquely on the lookout. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)/pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) receptor 1 (VPAC1), which is overexpressed (a thousandfold) in prostate cancer at the onset of oncogenesis and is excreted in the urine on tumor cells, is a contender in the prostate cancer biomarker quest. VPAC1 is ubiquitous, expressed by normal and malignant cells, and interwoven in their cell membranes. Therefore, using urine samples limits the possibility of making the wrong diagnosis, since VPAC1 is not normally excreted in the urine. Nevertheless, studying transmembrane receptors is intricate. However, producing monoclonal antibodies against the N-terminal end of VPAC1 can provide a promising target for designing a non-invasive diagnostic assay for early detection of prostate cancer using a urine sample.","PeriodicalId":40916,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Allergy and Immunology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70183981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding sex differences in the allergic immune response to food. 了解食物过敏免疫反应的性别差异。

IF 0.7 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

AIMS Allergy and Immunology

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-07-06 DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2022009

McKenna S Vininski, Sunanda Rajput, Nicholas J Hobbs, Joseph J Dolence

Food allergies are of great public health concern due to their rising prevalence. Our understanding of how the immune system reacts to food remains incomplete. Allergic responses vary between individuals with food allergies. This variability could be caused by genetic, environmental, hormonal, or metabolic factors that impact immune responses mounted against allergens found in foods. Peanut (PN) allergy is one of the most severe and persistent of food allergies, warranting examination into how sensitization occurs to drive IgE-mediated allergic reactions. In recent years, much has been learned about the mechanisms behind the initiation of IgE-mediated food allergies, but additional questions remain. One unresolved issue is whether sex hormones impact the development of food allergies. Sex differences are known to exist in other allergic diseases, so this poses the question about whether the same phenomenon is occurring in food allergies. Studies show that females exhibit a higher prevalence of atopic conditions, such as allergic asthma and eczema, relative to males. Discovering such sex differences in allergic diseases provide a basis for investigating the mechanisms of how hormones influence the development of IgE-mediated reactions to foods. Analysis of existing food allergy demographics found that they occur more frequently in male children and adult females, which is comparable to allergic asthma. This paper reviews existing allergic mechanisms, sensitization routes, as well as how sex hormones may play a role in how the immune system reacts to common food allergens such as PN.

食物过敏的发病率不断上升，已成为公众健康的重大问题。我们对免疫系统如何对食物做出反应的了解仍不全面。食物过敏患者的过敏反应因人而异。这种差异可能是由遗传、环境、荷尔蒙或新陈代谢因素造成的，这些因素会影响针对食物中的过敏原所产生的免疫反应。花生（PN）过敏是最严重、最顽固的食物过敏之一，因此有必要研究过敏是如何发生的，从而驱动 IgE 介导的过敏反应。近年来，人们对 IgE 介导的食物过敏的诱发机制有了很多了解，但仍有一些问题有待解决。其中一个悬而未决的问题是性激素是否会影响食物过敏的发生。众所周知，其他过敏性疾病也存在性别差异，因此这就提出了食物过敏是否也存在同样现象的问题。研究表明，与男性相比，女性患过敏性哮喘和湿疹等特应性疾病的几率更高。发现过敏性疾病中的这种性别差异为研究荷尔蒙如何影响 IgE 介导的食物过敏反应的发生机制提供了基础。对现有食物过敏人口统计数据的分析发现，男性儿童和成年女性更易患上食物过敏，这与过敏性哮喘的发病率相当。本文回顾了现有的过敏机制、致敏途径，以及性激素如何在免疫系统对常见食物过敏原（如 PN）的反应中发挥作用。

{"title":"Understanding sex differences in the allergic immune response to food.","authors":"McKenna S Vininski, Sunanda Rajput, Nicholas J Hobbs, Joseph J Dolence","doi":"10.3934/allergy.2022009","DOIUrl":"10.3934/allergy.2022009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food allergies are of great public health concern due to their rising prevalence. Our understanding of how the immune system reacts to food remains incomplete. Allergic responses vary between individuals with food allergies. This variability could be caused by genetic, environmental, hormonal, or metabolic factors that impact immune responses mounted against allergens found in foods. Peanut (PN) allergy is one of the most severe and persistent of food allergies, warranting examination into how sensitization occurs to drive IgE-mediated allergic reactions. In recent years, much has been learned about the mechanisms behind the initiation of IgE-mediated food allergies, but additional questions remain. One unresolved issue is whether sex hormones impact the development of food allergies. Sex differences are known to exist in other allergic diseases, so this poses the question about whether the same phenomenon is occurring in food allergies. Studies show that females exhibit a higher prevalence of atopic conditions, such as allergic asthma and eczema, relative to males. Discovering such sex differences in allergic diseases provide a basis for investigating the mechanisms of how hormones influence the development of IgE-mediated reactions to foods. Analysis of existing food allergy demographics found that they occur more frequently in male children and adult females, which is comparable to allergic asthma. This paper reviews existing allergic mechanisms, sensitization routes, as well as how sex hormones may play a role in how the immune system reacts to common food allergens such as PN.</p>","PeriodicalId":40916,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Allergy and Immunology","volume":"1 1","pages":"90-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10836331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70184069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of etiological factors on citrullination markers and susceptibility of PADI4 allele for CHIKV induced rheumatoid arthritis among South Indian Tamil RA cases 南印度泰米尔类风湿性关节炎患者瓜氨酸化标志物及PADI4等位基因易感性的病因学影响

IF 0.7 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

AIMS Allergy and Immunology

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2022012

V. Malini, N. Shettu, S. Murugesan

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifactorial disease which can be triggered by gene-environment interactions. Numerous risk factors have been acknowledged in varied ethnicities, but their generalizability is vague. Hence, proposed to identify impact of etiology on citrullination and how both interact with peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) polymorphism in RA onset among South Indian Tamil RA cases. Studied 207 RA cases and 186 healthy controls for C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP), anti-Sa (citrullinated vimentin), anti-citrullinated α-enolase peptide-1 (CEP-1) and diseases activity score-28 (DAS-28). Past exposure to studied etiological risk factors obtained through questionnaire. Family history of RA (FHRA), surgery/injury and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection significantly contributed to RA (p < 0.05) particularly CHIKV (OR = 6.66, 95% CI 3.92–11.32, p = 0.001). Strikingly, 67.1% of surgery/injury and 80% of CHIKV exposed patients had RA onset within a year. RA cases with tooth decay had impact on RF, anti-CCP, anti-Sa freequeny and anti-CEP-1 level (p < 0.05).Since CHIKV infected cases showed significant anti-Sa (p = 0.04) level and frequency (p = 0.01), they were genotyped for polymorphism in PADI4_92 (rs874881), 104 (rs1748033) and 94 (rs2240340) by Sanger's sequencing which demonstrated that PADI4 confers risk (p < 0.05) for the onset of CHIKV induced RA. This is the initial report that CHIKV may contribute to RA development via vimentin citrullination. FHRA, surgery/injury, CHIKV and smoking posed a key RA risk.

类风湿性关节炎(RA)是一种多因素疾病，可由基因-环境相互作用引发。许多危险因素已经在不同的种族中得到承认，但它们的普遍性是模糊的。因此，我们提出确定病因对瓜氨酸化的影响，以及两者如何与肽基精氨酸脱亚胺酶4 (PADI4)多态性相互作用，在南印度泰米尔RA病例中发病。对207例RA患者和186名健康对照者进行c反应蛋白(CRP)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、类风湿因子(RF)、抗环瓜氨酸肽(CCP)、抗sa(瓜氨酸蛋白)、抗瓜氨酸α-烯醇化酶肽-1 (CEP-1)和疾病活动性评分-28 (DAS-28)的检测。通过问卷调查获得的既往暴露情况所研究的病因危险因素。RA家族史、手术/损伤史和基孔肯雅病毒(CHIKV)感染对RA的发生有显著影响(p < 0.05)，尤其是基孔肯雅病毒(CHIKV)感染(OR = 6.66, 95% CI 3.92 ~ 11.32, p = 0.001)。引人注目的是，67.1%的手术/损伤患者和80%的暴露于CHIKV的患者在一年内发病。RA合并蛀牙对RF、抗ccp、抗sa频率及抗cep -1水平均有影响(p < 0.05)。由于感染病例具有显著的抗sa水平(p = 0.04)和频率(p = 0.01)，通过Sanger测序对感染病例进行PADI4_92 (rs874881)、104 (rs1748033)和94 (rs2240340)基因多态性分型，提示PADI4具有发生CHIKV诱导RA的风险(p < 0.05)。这是关于CHIKV可能通过静脉蛋白瓜氨酸化促进类风湿关节炎发展的初步报告。FHRA、手术/损伤、CHIKV和吸烟是主要的类风湿性关节炎风险。

{"title":"Impact of etiological factors on citrullination markers and susceptibility of PADI4 allele for CHIKV induced rheumatoid arthritis among South Indian Tamil RA cases","authors":"V. Malini, N. Shettu, S. Murugesan","doi":"10.3934/allergy.2022012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/allergy.2022012","url":null,"abstract":"Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifactorial disease which can be triggered by gene-environment interactions. Numerous risk factors have been acknowledged in varied ethnicities, but their generalizability is vague. Hence, proposed to identify impact of etiology on citrullination and how both interact with peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) polymorphism in RA onset among South Indian Tamil RA cases. Studied 207 RA cases and 186 healthy controls for C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP), anti-Sa (citrullinated vimentin), anti-citrullinated α-enolase peptide-1 (CEP-1) and diseases activity score-28 (DAS-28). Past exposure to studied etiological risk factors obtained through questionnaire. Family history of RA (FHRA), surgery/injury and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection significantly contributed to RA (p < 0.05) particularly CHIKV (OR = 6.66, 95% CI 3.92–11.32, p = 0.001). Strikingly, 67.1% of surgery/injury and 80% of CHIKV exposed patients had RA onset within a year. RA cases with tooth decay had impact on RF, anti-CCP, anti-Sa freequeny and anti-CEP-1 level (p < 0.05).Since CHIKV infected cases showed significant anti-Sa (p = 0.04) level and frequency (p = 0.01), they were genotyped for polymorphism in PADI4_92 (rs874881), 104 (rs1748033) and 94 (rs2240340) by Sanger's sequencing which demonstrated that PADI4 confers risk (p < 0.05) for the onset of CHIKV induced RA. This is the initial report that CHIKV may contribute to RA development via vimentin citrullination. FHRA, surgery/injury, CHIKV and smoking posed a key RA risk.","PeriodicalId":40916,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Allergy and Immunology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70184198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of efficacy of secondary prophylactic complex of bronchial obstruction syndrome in young children with respiratory disorders in neonatal period: analysis of symptoms and serological markers 新生儿期呼吸系统疾病患儿支气管阻塞综合征二级预防复合物的疗效评价:症状和血清学指标分析

IF 0.7 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

AIMS Allergy and Immunology

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2022005

Matsyura Oksana, Besh Lesya, Zubchenko Svitlana, Gutor Taras, Lukyanenko Natalia, Slivinska-Kurchak Khrystyna, Borysiuk Olena

Diseases of respiratory tract in young children are often accompanied by the development of bronchial obstruction syndrome. Recurrent episodes of bronchial obstruction are a common problem in young children with respiratory disorders in neonatal period. The aim of our work was to test secondary prophylactic measures concerning development and progression of recurrent bronchial obstructive syndrome in young children, who had suffered respiratory disorders in neonatal period. Prophylactic complex included basic therapy (inhalation of glucocorticosteroids—fluticasone propionate or budesonide), administration of immunomodulating drug Ribomunyl and conducting of prophylactic vaccination in specialized inpatient department after prior preparation whith antihistamines. Objectives The feature of disease course was assessed based on the need of using drugs with symptomatic action, frequency of exacerbations, their mean duration and severity in 60 children, who had breathing disorders in neonatal period. Children were randomly divided into two groups. The study of efficacy of secondary prophylactic measures was conducted in 30 children (basic group) and in other 30 patients secondary prophylactic complex was not used (control group). Methods Algorithm of secondary prophylactic complex included basic therapy involving inhalation glucocorticosteroids, administration of immunomodulatory drug Ribomunyl as recommended and conduction of planned prophylactic inoculations with the use of antihistamines. Conclusions In children, who were administered secondary prophylactic complex was a positive dynamics in clinical picture and laboratory data. Results Administration of secondary prophylactic complex enabled, to a certain extent, to prevent progression of bronchial obstructive syndrome and achieve a reliable increase in γ-INF, IgA, IgM, IgG levels and decrease in IL-4 (р < 0.01).

幼儿呼吸道疾病常伴有支气管阻塞综合征的发展。支气管阻塞反复发作是新生儿期呼吸系统疾病患儿的常见问题。我们工作的目的是测试二级预防措施有关复发性支气管阻塞性综合征的发展和进展的幼儿，谁在新生儿期遭受呼吸系统疾病。预防性综合治疗包括基础治疗(吸入糖皮质激素-丙酸氟替卡松或布地奈德)，给予免疫调节药物利博门尼，并在事先准备抗组胺药后在专科住院部进行预防性接种。目的对60例新生儿期呼吸障碍患儿的病程特点进行评价，包括对有症状作用药物的使用需求、加重次数、平均持续时间和严重程度。孩子们被随机分成两组。对30例患儿(基础组)进行二级预防措施的疗效研究，其余30例患儿未使用二级预防复合物(对照组)。方法二级预防方案包括吸入糖皮质激素的基础治疗、推荐使用免疫调节药物利博门尼和使用抗组胺药进行有计划的预防接种。结论儿童口服二级预防复合物在临床表现和实验室数据上均为积极动态。结果给予二级预防复合物能在一定程度上预防支气管阻塞性综合征的进展，γ-INF、IgA、IgM、IgG水平明显升高，IL-4水平明显降低(p < 0.01)。

{"title":"Assessment of efficacy of secondary prophylactic complex of bronchial obstruction syndrome in young children with respiratory disorders in neonatal period: analysis of symptoms and serological markers","authors":"Matsyura Oksana, Besh Lesya, Zubchenko Svitlana, Gutor Taras, Lukyanenko Natalia, Slivinska-Kurchak Khrystyna, Borysiuk Olena","doi":"10.3934/allergy.2022005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/allergy.2022005","url":null,"abstract":"Diseases of respiratory tract in young children are often accompanied by the development of bronchial obstruction syndrome. Recurrent episodes of bronchial obstruction are a common problem in young children with respiratory disorders in neonatal period. The aim of our work was to test secondary prophylactic measures concerning development and progression of recurrent bronchial obstructive syndrome in young children, who had suffered respiratory disorders in neonatal period. Prophylactic complex included basic therapy (inhalation of glucocorticosteroids—fluticasone propionate or budesonide), administration of immunomodulating drug Ribomunyl and conducting of prophylactic vaccination in specialized inpatient department after prior preparation whith antihistamines. Objectives The feature of disease course was assessed based on the need of using drugs with symptomatic action, frequency of exacerbations, their mean duration and severity in 60 children, who had breathing disorders in neonatal period. Children were randomly divided into two groups. The study of efficacy of secondary prophylactic measures was conducted in 30 children (basic group) and in other 30 patients secondary prophylactic complex was not used (control group). Methods Algorithm of secondary prophylactic complex included basic therapy involving inhalation glucocorticosteroids, administration of immunomodulatory drug Ribomunyl as recommended and conduction of planned prophylactic inoculations with the use of antihistamines. Conclusions In children, who were administered secondary prophylactic complex was a positive dynamics in clinical picture and laboratory data. Results Administration of secondary prophylactic complex enabled, to a certain extent, to prevent progression of bronchial obstructive syndrome and achieve a reliable increase in γ-INF, IgA, IgM, IgG levels and decrease in IL-4 (р < 0.01).","PeriodicalId":40916,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Allergy and Immunology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70183906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Mast cells: A dark horse in osteoarthritis treatment 肥大细胞:骨关节炎治疗中的一匹黑马

IF 0.7 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

AIMS Allergy and Immunology

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2022017

A. D. Kurenkova, P. Timashev

Mast cells are best known for their involvement in the pathogenesis of allergic reactions and inflammation. Due to the wide variety of activation methods and the various mediators that mast cells can synthesize and store, they can regulate all stages of the inflammatory process. There are a large amount of data describing the role of mast cells in the development of autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis, but their role in the development of inflammatory traumatic osteoarthritis remains poorly described. However, non-autoimmune cartilage damage is the main reason for joint replacement surgeries. As important regulators of the inflammatory process, mast cells could be an interesting target for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Herein, we summarize the knowledge about the role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and outline various approaches that, to varying degrees, seem promising for the correction of the disease.

肥大细胞以参与过敏反应和炎症的发病机制而闻名。由于肥大细胞的激活方式多种多样，并且肥大细胞可以合成和储存多种介质，因此肥大细胞可以调节炎症过程的各个阶段。有大量的数据描述了肥大细胞在自身免疫性类风湿关节炎发展中的作用，但它们在炎症性创伤性骨关节炎发展中的作用仍然缺乏描述。然而，非自身免疫性软骨损伤是关节置换手术的主要原因。肥大细胞作为炎症过程的重要调节因子，可能是治疗骨关节炎的一个有趣的靶点。在此，我们总结了肥大细胞在骨关节炎发病机制中的作用，并概述了各种方法，在不同程度上，似乎有希望纠正疾病。

引用次数: 1

Migratory dermatographic urticaria following COVID-19 vaccine booster in young adult male 年轻成年男性COVID-19疫苗增强后的迁移性皮肤性荨麻疹

IF 0.7 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

AIMS Allergy and Immunology

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2022003

Richard A. Maiella, Kelly M. Staples, Ashokvardhan Veldanda

With the recent approval of booster vaccinations in the United States for adults who already received their primary vaccinations, millions of adults have been administered the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna booster vaccines. Adverse events related to these vaccines continue to be reported and are majority self-limited. In this case report, we present a young male who acquired chronic, migratory dermatographic urticaria two weeks after administration of the Moderna mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine booster.

随着美国最近批准对已经接种过初级疫苗的成年人进行加强疫苗接种，数百万成年人已经接种了辉瑞- biontech或Moderna加强疫苗。与这些疫苗有关的不良事件仍有报道，而且大多数是自限性的。在本病例报告中，我们报告了一名年轻男性，在给予Moderna mRNA-1273 COVID-19疫苗增强剂两周后获得慢性移动性皮肤性荨麻疹。

引用次数: 2

Contrast allergies for neurological imaging: When to proceed. 神经成像对比过敏:何时进行

IF 0.7 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

AIMS Allergy and Immunology

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2022016

Anna Fusco, Logan Pucci, Kevin Pierre, Adam Wolberg, Coulter Small, John Cerillo, Mohammad Reza Hosseini Siyanaki, Brandon Lucke-Wold

Contrast-enhanced neuroimaging is often necessary for the diagnosis and care of patients with diseases of the central nervous system. Although contrast is generally well tolerated and allergy to contrast is rare, allergic reactions can be severe and life threatening. Therefore, physicians should take care to prevent severe contrast allergy. In this review, we will discuss contrast allergy as well as potential strategies to reduce the risk of severe reactions in patients who require neuroimaging techniques with contrast. First, we discuss the clinical presentation and pathogenesis of contrast allergy and the risk factors associated with reactions. We then review methods to reduce the risk of future contrast reactions through improved patient education and documentation strategies, use of alternate imaging modalities or contrast media, premedication, and desensitization.

对比增强神经成像对于中枢神经系统疾病的诊断和治疗通常是必要的。虽然造影剂通常耐受性良好，对造影剂过敏也很少见，但过敏反应可能很严重，甚至危及生命。因此，医生应注意防止严重的对比过敏。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论造影剂过敏以及降低需要造影剂神经成像技术的患者严重反应风险的潜在策略。首先，我们讨论对比过敏的临床表现和发病机制以及与反应相关的危险因素。然后，我们回顾了通过改进患者教育和记录策略、使用替代成像方式或造影剂、预用药和脱敏来降低未来造影剂反应风险的方法。

引用次数: 0