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The gastrointestinal effects amongst Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, mast cell activation syndrome and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome ehers - danlos综合征、肥大细胞活化综合征和体位性心动过速综合征的胃肠道效应
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2022004
Sammi Wong, Sara Hasan, Christina Parducci, B. Riley
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS), mast cell activation syndrome, and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome are a triad of comorbid conditions that can occur simultaneously in many patients. Specifically, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a group of inherited connective tissue disorders that weakens the connective tissue and causes easy bruising. Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) is a condition in the connective tissue of vascularized organs that causes recurrent episodes of anaphylactic symptoms. The irregular activation of mast cells may contribute to immunological manifestations in EDS patients. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is an autonomic nervous system disorder characterized by orthostatic intolerance. Review of the literature suggests an overlap of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as nausea and abdominal pain, hernias, perforations, and more. Thus, this paper will delineate each condition's distinct gastrointestinal symptoms and explore similar gastrointestinal relationships among these conditions.
ehers - danlos综合征(EDS)、肥大细胞激活综合征和体位性心动过速综合征是一种三重合并症,可同时发生在许多患者中。具体来说,ehers - danlos综合征是一组遗传性结缔组织疾病,它会削弱结缔组织,导致容易瘀伤。肥大细胞活化综合征(MCAS)是血管化器官结缔组织中的一种疾病,可引起反复发作的过敏症状。肥大细胞的不规则活化可能导致EDS患者的免疫表现。体位性直立性心动过速综合征(POTS)是一种以直立性不耐受为特征的自主神经系统疾病。文献回顾表明胃肠道(GI)症状重叠,如恶心、腹痛、疝气、穿孔等。因此,本文将描述每种疾病的独特胃肠道症状,并探讨这些疾病之间类似的胃肠道关系。
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引用次数: 1
Mast cells in severe respiratory virus infections: insights for treatment and vaccine administration 严重呼吸道病毒感染中的肥大细胞:治疗和疫苗管理的见解
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2023001
A. Mamontov, A. Polevshchikov, Y. Desheva
Mast cells (MCs) are a part of the innate immune system and express receptors for microbial and viral pathogens characteristic of this system. The pathological role of MCs has been demonstrated for a number of highly virulent viral infections. The role of MCs and their Fc receptors for IgE in the immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions and in immunocomplex reactions is well-known, although the role of MCs and their Fc receptors for IgG (FcγR) in immunocomplex processes is much less studied. Antibody-dependent enhancement syndrome (ADE) has been observed in a number of viral infections and is associated with greater secondary infection. ADE is enhanced by virus-specific antibodies, which are not involved in the virus penetration into the cell but are capable of forming immune complexes. The role of MCs in ADE is well-established for dengue infection, RSV infection and coronavirus (CoV) infection. The involvement of IgG-mediated mast cell responses in other human viral infections including Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is poorly understood. Recently discovered mast cell activation disease is considered one of the causes of severe post-infectious complications in COVID-19. If the role of MCs in the pathogenesis of severe viral infections, including ADE in recurrent viral infection is clarified, these cells and the products they release may serve as promising targets for such therapeutic agents as histamine receptor blockers or membrane stabilizers to prevent possible complications.
肥大细胞(MCs)是先天免疫系统的一部分,表达该系统特有的微生物和病毒病原体的受体。MCs的病理作用已经证明了许多高毒力病毒感染。MCs及其Fc受体在即时型超敏反应和免疫复合物反应中的作用是众所周知的,尽管MCs及其Fc受体在免疫复合物过程中的作用研究得很少。抗体依赖性增强综合征(ADE)已在许多病毒感染中观察到,并与继发感染有关。ADE通过病毒特异性抗体增强,这些抗体不参与病毒渗透到细胞中,但能够形成免疫复合物。MCs在登革热感染、RSV感染和冠状病毒(CoV)感染的ADE中的作用已得到证实。igg介导的肥大细胞反应在包括2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)在内的其他人类病毒感染中的作用尚不清楚。最近发现的肥大细胞活化病被认为是COVID-19严重感染后并发症的原因之一。如果弄清MCs在严重病毒感染(包括复发性病毒感染中的ADE)发病机制中的作用,这些细胞及其释放的产物可能成为组胺受体阻滞剂或膜稳定剂等治疗剂的有希望的靶点,以预防可能的并发症。
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引用次数: 0
Antibody profiling reveals gender differences in response to SARS-COVID-2 infection 抗体谱分析揭示对SARS-COVID-2感染反应的性别差异
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2021-06-04 DOI: 10.1101/2021.06.01.21258175
L. Tsverava, N. Chitadze, G. Chanturia, M. Kekelidze, D. Dzneladze, P. Imnadze, A. Gamkrelidze, V. Lagani, Z. Khuchua, R. Solomonia
The recent emergence of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to an ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic and public health crisis. Detailed study of human immune response to SARS-COVIS-2 infection is the important topic for a successful treatment of this disease. Our study was aimed to characterize immune response on the level of antibody profiling in convalescent plasma of patients in Georgia. Antibodies against the following SARS-COV-2 proteins were studied: nucleocapsid and various regions of Spike (S) protein: S1, S2 and Receptor binding domain (RBD). Convalescent plasma of patients 6-8 weeks after initial confirmation of SARS-COV-2 infection were tested. Nearly 80% out of 154 patients studied showed presence of antibodies against nucleocapsid protein. The antibody response to three fragments of S protein was significantly less and varied in the range of 20-30%. Significantly more females as compared to males were producing antibodies against S1 fragment, whereas the difference between genders by the antibodies against nucleocapsid protein and RBD was statistically significant only by one-tailed Fisher exact test. There were no differences between the males and females by antibodies against S2 fragment. Thus, immune response against some viral antigens are stronger in females and we suggest that it could be one of the factors of less female fatality after SARS-COVID-2 infection.
最近出现的新型严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2)导致了持续的全球COVID-19大流行和公共卫生危机。详细研究人类对SARS-COVIS-2感染的免疫反应是成功治疗该疾病的重要课题。我们的研究旨在描述格鲁吉亚患者恢复期血浆中抗体谱水平的免疫反应。研究了针对以下SARS-COV-2蛋白的抗体:核衣壳和Spike (S)蛋白的各个区域:S1、S2和受体结合域(RBD)。对确诊后6 ~ 8周的恢复期血浆进行检测。研究的154名患者中,近80%显示存在针对核衣壳蛋白的抗体。抗体对3个S蛋白片段的应答明显较低,在20-30%范围内变化。对S1片段产生抗体的雌性明显多于雄性,而对核衣壳蛋白和RBD产生抗体的性别差异只有单尾Fisher精确检验才有统计学意义。男性和女性对S2片段的抗体无差异。因此,女性对某些病毒抗原的免疫反应更强,我们认为这可能是女性感染SARS-COVID-2后死亡率较低的因素之一。
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引用次数: 5
Investigation of the factors potentially responsible for the significant different prevalence of COVID-19 between African-Africans and African-Americans 调查可能导致非洲裔非洲人和非洲裔美国人之间COVID-19患病率显著差异的因素
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2021014
Canping Chen, W. Cao, Xiaosheng Wang
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in more than 145 million cases and 3 million deaths as of April 23, 2021. Compared with the other continents, Africa had a relatively lower prevalence of COVID-19. However, the African-American population showed a higher COVID-19 susceptibility than the other U.S. populations. Methods To investigate the factors that are potentially responsible for the different susceptibility of COVID-19 between African-Africans and African-Americans, we collected the data of cumulative confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths, temperature, humidity, wind speed, age distribution, incidences of age-related diseases, lung diseases, and HIV, and smoking rate in 40 African countries and 50 U.S. states and New York city. Results We found that old age, smoking, and age-related diseases (such as cardiovascular diseases, COPD, diabetes, hypertension, neoplasms, and stroke) were potential risk factors for COVID-19, while chronic kidney disease, tuberculosis, young age, and temperature were potential protective factors. Conclusions The significant differences in the age distribution, incidences of age-related diseases, lung diseases, and HIV, smoking rate, temperature, and humidity could be responsible for the markedly different prevalence of COVID-19 between African-Africans and African-Americans.
截至2021年4月23日,COVID-19大流行已导致超过1.45亿例病例和300万人死亡。与其他大陆相比,非洲的COVID-19患病率相对较低。然而,非洲裔美国人对COVID-19的易感性高于其他美国人群。方法收集40个非洲国家、美国50个州和纽约市的累计确诊病例和死亡病例、气温、湿度、风速、年龄分布、年龄相关疾病、肺部疾病、HIV发病率、吸烟率等数据,探讨非洲裔非洲人和非裔美国人对COVID-19易感性差异的潜在影响因素。结果老年、吸烟和年龄相关疾病(如心血管疾病、慢性阻塞性肺病、糖尿病、高血压、肿瘤和脑卒中)是COVID-19的潜在危险因素,而慢性肾病、结核病、年轻和温度是潜在的保护因素。结论非裔非洲人和非裔美国人在年龄分布、年龄相关疾病、肺部疾病的发病率、HIV、吸烟率、温度和湿度等方面存在显著差异,可能是导致非裔非洲人和非裔美国人之间COVID-19患病率存在显著差异的原因。
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引用次数: 0
The complex functions of microRNA-150 in allergy, autoimmunity and immune tolerance microRNA-150在变态反应、自身免疫和免疫耐受中的复杂功能
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2021016
Katarzyna Nazimek
At present, special efforts are being made to develop the strategies allowing for activation of long-lasting antigen-specific immune tolerance in therapy of allergic and autoimmune diseases. Some of these therapeutic approaches are aimed at modulating cell functions at genetic level by using miRNA-based and miRNA-targeting treatments. Simultaneously, the crucial role of extracellular vesicles as natural miRNA conveyors is highlighted for induction of antigen-specific immune tolerance, especially that they appear to be easily manipulatable for therapeutic applications. Among other immune-related miRNAs, miR-150 is getting special attention as it is differently expressed by immune cells at various stages of their maturation and differentiation. In addition, miR-150 is involved in different signaling cascades orchestrating humoral and cell-mediated mechanisms of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Therefore, miR-150 is considered a master regulator of immunity in mammals. Currently, physiological miR-150-dependent regulatory circuits and causes of their malfunctioning that underlie the pathogenesis of allergic and autoimmune disorders are being unraveled. Thus, present review summarizes the current knowledge of the role of miR-150 in the pathogenesis and complications of these diseases. Furthermore, the involvement of miR-150 in regulation of immune responses to allergens and self-antigens and in induction of antigen-specific immune tolerance is discussed with the special emphasis on the therapeutic potential of this miRNA.
目前,正在作出特别努力,以制定策略,允许激活长期抗原特异性免疫耐受治疗过敏性和自身免疫性疾病。其中一些治疗方法旨在通过使用基于mirna和靶向mirna的治疗在遗传水平上调节细胞功能。同时,细胞外囊泡作为天然miRNA载体的关键作用在诱导抗原特异性免疫耐受方面得到了强调,特别是它们似乎很容易用于治疗应用。在其他免疫相关的mirna中,miR-150受到特别关注,因为它在免疫细胞成熟和分化的不同阶段表达不同。此外,miR-150参与了不同的信号级联,协调先天和适应性免疫反应的体液和细胞介导机制。因此,miR-150被认为是哺乳动物免疫的主要调节因子。目前,生理mir -150依赖的调节回路及其功能障碍的原因正在揭示过敏性和自身免疫性疾病的发病机制。因此,本文对miR-150在这些疾病的发病机制和并发症中的作用进行综述。此外,miR-150参与调节对过敏原和自身抗原的免疫反应以及诱导抗原特异性免疫耐受,并特别强调了该miRNA的治疗潜力。
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引用次数: 0
The role of miRNAs in the inflammatory phase of skin wound healing mirna在皮肤伤口愈合炎症期的作用
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2021020
Federica Serra, L. Aielli, E. Costantini
Wound healing (WH) is a fundamental physiological process to keep the integrity of the skin, therefore impaired and chronic WH is a common and severe medical problem and represent one of the biggest challenges of public health. The resolution of the WH inflammatory phase is characterized by a complex series of events that involves many cellular types, especially neutrophils, macrophages and inflammatory mediators, which are crucial for a correct wound closure. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in wound repair. In fact, miR-142 is linked to inflammation modulating neutrophils' chemotaxis and polarization, while the polarization of M1 toward the M2 phenotype is driven by miR-223 and miR-132 is linked to chemokines and cytokines that activate endothelial cells and attract leukocytes and peripheral cells to the damage site. Thus, understanding the dysregulation of miRNAs in WH will be decisive for the development of new and more effective therapies for the management of chronic wounds.
伤口愈合是保持皮肤完整性的基本生理过程,因此伤口受损和慢性愈合是一个常见和严重的医学问题,是公共卫生的最大挑战之一。WH炎症期的消退以一系列复杂的事件为特征,涉及许多细胞类型,特别是中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞和炎症介质,它们对正确的伤口闭合至关重要。MicroRNAs (miRNAs)在伤口修复中发挥着重要作用。事实上,miR-142与炎症调节中性粒细胞的趋化性和极化有关,而M1向M2表型的极化是由miR-223驱动的,miR-132与趋化因子和细胞因子有关,这些趋化因子和细胞因子激活内皮细胞并吸引白细胞和外周细胞到损伤部位。因此,了解WH中mirna的失调将对开发新的和更有效的慢性伤口治疗方法具有决定性意义。
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引用次数: 1
Tyk2-mediated homeostatic control by regulating the PGE2-PKA-IL-10 axis tyk2通过调节PGE2-PKA-IL-10轴介导的稳态控制
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2021013
R. Muromoto, K. Oritani, T. Matsuda
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引用次数: 4
The host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and therapeutic strategies in the treatment of COVID-19 cytokine storm 宿主对SARS-CoV-2的免疫应答及COVID-19细胞因子风暴治疗策略
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2021018
Mansur Aliyu, Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani, Omid Kohandel Gargari, M. Yusuf, A. Saboor-Yaraghi
The ravaging pandemic caused by SAR-CoV-2, a member of β-coronaviruses, marks the end of the year 2019. Despite being identified and classified at the earliest stage, the virus records worldwide soaring transmissibility, morbidity, and mortality. Global data have shown the infection with SARS-CoV-2 to be severe among at least 15% of the infected; the aged and those with premorbid conditions like cancer, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases. The highest prevalence and mortality are seen in the Americas, with African countries least affected. Severe respiratory distress and multiorgan failure are the usual findings in severe cases. A hyperinflammatory, fulminant, hypercytokinemia that is often further complicated by hypercoagulopathy and multiorgan failure has been reported extensively among severely infected patients. Scientists describe hyper-activated immune response mediated by macrophages secreting copious amounts of interleukin (IL)-6 forming the epicenter of cytokine storm (CS), thereby perpetuating signaling cascade through JAK/Kinase pathway that yields a hypercytokinemia. Researchers globally are exploring JAK/kinase inhibitors, immunomodulatory (immunosuppressive) therapy, cytokines, and cytokine receptor blockers for CS management. In which interestingly some of these agents possess antiviral activity. Here, we reviewed published studies with their respective outcome. However, a lot needs to be done to address the CS of COVID-19 to avert its fatal outcome.
由β冠状病毒成员sars - cov -2引起的毁灭性大流行标志着2019年的结束。尽管在最早阶段就被发现和分类,但该病毒在世界范围内的传播率、发病率和死亡率都在飙升。全球数据显示,至少15%的感染者严重感染了SARS-CoV-2;老年人和患有癌症、心血管疾病和呼吸系统疾病等病前疾病的人。美洲的流行率和死亡率最高,非洲国家受影响最小。严重的病例通常表现为严重的呼吸窘迫和多器官衰竭。在严重感染患者中广泛报道了高炎症、暴发性、高细胞素血症,通常进一步并发高凝血病和多器官衰竭。科学家描述了巨噬细胞分泌大量白细胞介素(IL)-6介导的超激活免疫反应,形成细胞因子风暴(CS)的中心,从而通过JAK/激酶途径使信号级联持续产生高细胞因子血症。全球研究人员正在探索用于CS治疗的JAK/激酶抑制剂、免疫调节(免疫抑制)疗法、细胞因子和细胞因子受体阻滞剂。有趣的是,其中一些药物具有抗病毒活性。在这里,我们回顾了已发表的研究及其各自的结果。然而,要解决COVID-19的CS,以避免其致命后果,还需要做很多工作。
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引用次数: 1
The mast cell/S1P axis is not linked to pre-lesional male skin remodeling in a mouse model of eczema. 在湿疹小鼠模型中,肥大细胞/S1P轴与病变前男性皮肤重塑无关。
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-05-28 DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2021012
Ross M Tanis, Piper A Wedman-Robida, Alena P Chumanevich, John W Fuseler, Carole A Oskeritzian

Atopic dermatitis (AD, eczema) is an inflammatory skin condition whose histopathology involves remodeling. Few preclinical AD studies are performed using male mice. The histopathological mechanisms underlying AD development were investigated here in male mice at a pre-lesional stage using a human AD-like mouse model. Hypodermal cellular infiltration without thickening of skin layers was observed after one epicutaneous exposure to antigen ovalbumin (OVA), compared to controls. In contrast to our previous report using female mice, OVA treatment did not activate skin mast cells (MC) or elevate sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) levels while increasing systemic but not local levels of CCL2, CCL3 and CCL5 chemokines. In contrast to the pathogenic AD mechanisms we recently uncovered in female, S1P-mediated skin MC activation with subsequent local chemokine production is not observed in male mice, supporting sex differences in pre-lesional stages of AD. We are proposing that differential involvement of the MC/S1P axis in early pathogenic skin changes contributes to the well documented yet still incompletely understood sex-dimorphic susceptibility to AD in humans.

特应性皮炎(AD,湿疹)是一种炎症性皮肤病,其组织病理学涉及重塑。很少使用雄性小鼠进行临床前AD研究。本文使用人类AD样小鼠模型在病变前阶段对雄性小鼠AD发展的组织病理学机制进行了研究。与对照组相比,在一次经皮暴露于抗原卵清蛋白(OVA)后,观察到皮下细胞浸润而没有皮肤层增厚。与我们之前使用雌性小鼠的报告相反,OVA治疗没有激活皮肤肥大细胞(MC)或升高鞘氨醇-1-磷酸(S1P)水平,同时增加了全身而非局部的CCL2、CCL3和CCL5趋化因子水平。与我们最近在雌性小鼠中发现的致病性AD机制相反,在雄性小鼠中没有观察到S1P介导的皮肤MC激活和随后的局部趋化因子产生,这支持了AD病变前阶段的性别差异。我们提出,MC/S1P轴在早期致病性皮肤变化中的差异参与导致了人类对AD的性别二型易感性的充分记录,但仍不完全了解。
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引用次数: 0
A universal CAR-NK cell approach for HIV eradication 一种通用的CAR-NK细胞根除HIV的方法
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2021015
Arosh S. Perera Molligoda Arachchige
No therapeutic drug has been able to completely eradicate HIV-infection so far, even after decades of research. A major challenge in HIV drug development is its immense diversity. NK cells are well-known for their anti-viral and anti-tumor functions. Since recently, NK cells have gained interest of researchers as they have paved the way for novel approaches in controlling HIV-infection supported by promising results observed in cancer immunotherapy trials. Here we report an anti-DNP CAR-NK cell approach introduced by Lim et al. capable of recognizing 2,4-dinitrophenyl tagged to anti-gp160 antibodies, which seemingly provides an effective solution to counteract HIV variability.
到目前为止,即使经过几十年的研究,也没有一种治疗药物能够完全根除艾滋病毒感染。艾滋病毒药物开发的一个主要挑战是其巨大的多样性。NK细胞以其抗病毒和抗肿瘤功能而闻名。自最近以来,NK细胞已经引起了研究人员的兴趣,因为它们为控制hiv感染的新方法铺平了道路,这些新方法在癌症免疫治疗试验中观察到有希望的结果。在这里,我们报道了Lim等人引入的一种抗dnp CAR-NK细胞方法,能够识别标记在抗gp160抗体上的2,4-二硝基苯,这似乎提供了一种对抗HIV变异性的有效解决方案。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
AIMS Allergy and Immunology
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