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PARTYCYPACY BUDGET AS A CROSSING OF CIVIL ACTIVITY: POLISH MODEL ON THE EXAMPLE OF POZNAŃ 聚会预算作为公民活动的一个交叉点:以poznaŃ为例的波兰模式
Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.31471/2304-7410-2018-6(50)-32-41
N. Holubiak
The author sets the task to study the impact of new mechanisms of direct democracy (participatory budget) on attracting and activating the population to local public policy. The organization of participatory budgeting is a manifestation of direct democracy that allows citizens to express their approval or disapproval of the actions taken by local authorities. This article presents the Polish experience of implementing a public budget on the example of the city of Poznan, which was one of the first cities in Poland to introduce a civic budget in 2012. It should be added that there is no one model of the participatory budget in Poland. Each municipality and city introduce its own rules, often guided by existing examples, often don’t conducting social consultations and don’t working out the principles of the civic budget together with the residents. The normative, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the civic budgets of Poznan (number of voters and number of submitted projects, motivation for participation in the voting, public control, application of electronic platforms) are analyzed. In the addition, the advantages and disadvantages of the process of participatory budget are summed up, the activation of citizens is especially noted at the voting stage and low awareness of intermediate stages of the civil budget.
作者的任务是研究直接民主新机制(参与式预算)对吸引和激活人口参与地方公共政策的影响。参与预算制是市民对地方当局的行为表达赞成或反对意见的直接民主主义的表现形式。本文以波兰波兹南市为例介绍波兰实施公共预算的经验,波兹南市是波兰最早于2012年引入公民预算的城市之一。应该补充的是,在波兰没有参与性预算的单一模式。每个直辖市和城市都有自己的规则,往往以现有的例子为指导,往往不进行社会咨询,也不与居民一起制定公民预算原则。分析了波兹南公民预算的规范性、定性和定量特征(选民数量和提交项目数量、参与投票的动机、公共控制、电子平台的应用)。此外,总结了参与式预算过程的利弊,特别注意公民在投票阶段的激活性和中间阶段对公民预算的认知度较低。
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引用次数: 0
SOCIAL ASPECTS OF NATIONAL SAFETY OF THE STATE 社会方面的国家安全的国家
Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.31471/2304-7410-2018-6(50)-7-12
O. Berezovska-Chmil
  In this article theoretical and еmpirical analysis of social security are conducted. Ways of the optimization social security are argumented. The author notes that significant transformation processes are taking place in the country. They affect the state of security. It is noted that with the development of scientific and technological progress the number of threats and dangers does not decrease. At the same time, the essence of the phenomenon of "danger" is revealed. Empirical studies have been carried out on the basis of an analysis of problems related to ensuring the necessary safety of people. It is established that in recent times organized crime, including cybercrime, has spread widely in Ukraine. It has a negative impact on ensuring national security and sustainable development. A number of factors have been singled out. They are a potential threat to national security. Groups of possible dangers are determined. Summarizing the opinions of scientists, the essence of the concept of "social security" is characterized. It is emphasized that its state is influenced by the level of economic development, the effectiveness of social policy of the state and state regulation of social development. The authors have grounded the formation of national and social security, have proved that sustainable development is connected with the observance of social standards; have considered the development and implementation of a balanced social and environmental and economic policy. This policy would involve active use of the latest production technologies, minimizing the amount of harmful emissions to the environment, strengthening the role of the state in solving social and economic problems and sustainable development.
本文对社会保障问题进行了理论分析和实证分析。论述了优化社会保障的途径。发件人指出,该国正在进行重大的改革进程。它们影响安全状况。人们注意到,随着科技进步的发展,威胁和危险的数量并没有减少。同时,也揭示了“危险”现象的本质。在对与确保人民必要安全有关的问题进行分析的基础上进行了实证研究。可以确定的是,最近有组织犯罪,包括网络犯罪,在乌克兰广泛蔓延。它对确保国家安全和可持续发展产生负面影响。许多因素都被挑出来了。他们是对国家安全的潜在威胁。确定可能的危险组。总结科学家们的观点,“社会保障”概念的本质特征。强调其状态受经济发展水平、国家社会政策的有效性和国家对社会发展的调控的影响。本文从国家和社会保障的形成入手,论证了可持续发展与遵守社会准则的关系;考虑制定和执行平衡的社会、环境和经济政策。这一政策将包括积极利用最新的生产技术,尽量减少对环境有害的排放量,加强国家在解决社会和经济问题以及可持续发展方面的作用。
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引用次数: 0
DEVELOPMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL IN LVIV (Aug. of the XIX th century BC) 利沃夫中专学校的发展与发展(公元前19世纪8月)
Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.31471/2304-7410-2018-6(50)-13-20
G. B. Bzunko
In this article the author tries to objectively evaluate the establishment of a higher technical institution, namely, from the three-class real-school to the Technical Academy, which consists of two branches: technical and trade-school and real-school, the reaction of the ruling circles. The process of reorganization of this institution, for which the college of professors prepared a project based on the organization of training of Austrian technical institutions, was approved by the Ministry of Education and Religion and provided for a thorough study of theoretical and practical disciplines, and running the academy was compared to other technical academies of the monarchy. Accordingly, the main provisions of the educational procesus that were approved by the Galician Regional Council and the Austro-Hungarian Ministry of Education were approved. As the reaction of the Austrian and Polish authorities to the development of a higher technical school was largely positive, there was no such conflict situation as was observed at the University of Lviv, as it was about the establishment of the Ukrainian university and the policy of the Viennese government on the educational issue. The reaction of the Polish ruling circles towards the development of higher technical education was also calm, since the teaching languages in this institution were German and Polish, and the Poles predominated in nationality.
本文试图客观地评价高等技术院校的建立,即从三级实学到由工学院和实学两个分支组成的技术学院,这是统治集团的反应。该学院的改组过程得到了教育和宗教部的批准,教授学院根据奥地利技术学院的培训组织编制了一个项目,并提供了对理论和实践学科的深入研究,并将该学院的管理与君主制的其他技术学院进行了比较。因此,加利西亚区域理事会和奥匈帝国教育部核可的教育程序的主要规定得到了核可。由于奥地利和波兰当局对发展一所高等技术学校的反应基本上是积极的,因此没有出现在利沃夫大学所观察到的那种冲突情况,因为这是关于建立乌克兰大学和维也纳政府在教育问题上的政策。波兰统治集团对发展高等技术教育的反应也很平静,因为这所学校的教学语言是德语和波兰语,波兰人在民族上占主导地位。
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引用次数: 0
REVOLUTION AND STATUS OF WOMEN: GENDER AND POLITICAL ASPECTS 革命和妇女地位:性别和政治方面
Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.31471/2304-7410-2018-6(50)-57-64
Y. Kobets
The twentieth century will be remembered as a time of the revolutions that had a consequence a radical transformation of social relations. There was also a so-called "Quiet revolution" or "revolution of women", which led to a significant number of their emancipation. The article deals with the change of gender stereotypes under the influence of revolutionary changes during the year ot 1917, the period of formation the establishment of independence, during the events of the Maidan and the Revolution of Virtue. The research document contains a political analysis of socio-political processes of participation and role of women that took place in Ukraine and in the world. The author emphasizes the features of the displaying problems depending on a particular ideological and political situation, political regime. It became possible with the help of a systematic and integrated approach to consideration of the problem to supplement the general picture of revolutionary events, to reveal the female component of these periods in all of it's diverse manifestations, to make a certain contribution to the field of gender research in political science. The focus is on the struggle for women to equalize rights with men in the economic, political, cultural spheres of life, as well on their participation in general political processes.
20世纪将作为革命的时代而被人们铭记,这些革命的结果是社会关系的根本转变。还有一场所谓的“无声革命”或“妇女革命”,这导致了许多妇女的解放。本文论述了1917年、独立建国时期、独立广场和美德革命时期的革命变革对性别刻板印象的影响。该研究文件载有对乌克兰和世界上妇女参与和作用的社会政治进程的政治分析。作者强调了在特定的思想政治形势、政治制度下表现问题的特征。有了系统和综合的方法来考虑这个问题,就有可能补充革命事件的总体图景,揭示这些时期的女性成分,在所有不同的表现形式中,对政治科学中的性别研究领域做出一定的贡献。重点是妇女在经济、政治、文化生活领域争取与男子平等权利的斗争,以及妇女参与一般政治进程的斗争。
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引用次数: 0
SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL-EDUCATIONAL LIFE OF THE POBEREZHIA VILLAGE IN 1919-1939 1919-1939年波别列日亚村的社会经济和文化教育生活
Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.31471/2304-7410-2018-6(50)-65-76
Y. I. Kryshanivsky, R. Puyda
The article deals with the problems of the Poberezhia village inhabitants’ cultural, educational and socioeconomic life as the typical countryside settlement of the Eastern Galicia of the interwar period (1919–1939). The social conditions of the local population residence were highlighted. They depended directly on the size of the land allotment. It was found that the agriculture and small industries related to the processing of agricultural raw materials and natural materials were the main vectors of economic activity in the Poberezhia village. The effectiveness of this activity consisted in the qualitative peasants’ self-organization for the cooperative movement. The situation of education in the village and the struggle of Poberezhia inhabitants for the Ukrainian language of education and a national-cultural consciousness preservation, where the important place was given to such public associations as «Ridna Shkola», «Prosvita», «Luh» and «Sokil», were analyzed. It was investigated that the local military-patriotic organization «Polski Związek Strzelecki» was provided by Poberezhia Polish community.
本文论述了波别列日亚村作为两次世界大战期间(1919-1939年)加利西亚东部典型的乡村聚落,其居民的文化、教育和社会经济生活问题。突出了当地人口居住的社会状况。它们直接取决于土地分配的大小。研究发现,农业和与农业原料和天然材料加工有关的小工业是Poberezhia村经济活动的主要载体。这一活动的有效性在于农民对合作社运动的质的自我组织。分析了村里的教育状况和波别列日亚居民争取乌克兰语教育和民族文化意识保护的斗争,其中“Ridna Shkola”,“普罗维塔”,“Luh”和“Sokil”等公共协会占有重要地位。据调查,当地军事爱国组织“Polski Związek Strzelecki”是由波别列日亚波兰人社区提供的。
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引用次数: 0
THE CHALLENGES OF LIBERAL DEMOCRACY IN THE GROWTH OF POPULISM: CASE OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC 民粹主义发展中自由民主的挑战:捷克共和国的案例
Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.31471/2304-7410-2018-6(50)-42-48
O. Hryhoriev
The features of democratic transit in the Czech Republic are analyzed. The defects of Czech democracy are investigated. Compared to the trajectories of the non-liberal turn of the Czech Republic and Hungary and Poland. The main manifestations of deformation of liberal democracy are analyzed. The main threats to liberal democracy in the Czech Republic have been identified.
分析了捷克共和国民主过境的特点。分析了捷克民主制度的缺陷。与捷克共和国、匈牙利和波兰的非自由主义转向轨迹相比。分析了自由民主变形的主要表现形式。对捷克共和国自由民主的主要威胁已经确定。
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引用次数: 0
LEGISLATIVE ACCOMMODATION OF INTERESTS OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE COURSE OF FORMATION OF THE UKRAINIAN STATE AT THE BEGINNING OF 20 CENTURY 20世纪初乌克兰国家形成过程中少数民族利益的立法调整
Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.31471/2304-7410-2018-6(50)-85-95
O. Lypchuk, I. Lomaka
In article it is noted that World War I, having extremely aggravated political and social and economic problems of belligerent parties, caused considerable rise of the national liberation movement. In the years of war, Galichina became an object of active international policy, at first as a component of the empire of Gabsburgov, and then as the sovereign state of the Ukrainian people. Also World War I accelerated political changes in Central and Eastern Europe and emergence of the Ukrainian state educations  in Galichina. Introduction and developments of basic standard and legal documents in such spheres state and social and political life as formation of state governing bodies, justice, Armed Forces, social, economic, national and cultural and educational sites became the main result of legislative activity of power structures of West Ukrainian People's Republic on nationalities. The mechanism of the state and national policy of West Ukrainian People's Republic on non Ukrainian the population was based on democratic traditions of parliamentarism of the former Austria-Hungary. Such fundamental principles of national policy allowed power structures to direct the state construction to the democratic course, to make it socially oriented.
文章指出,第一次世界大战极大地加剧了交战各方的政治、社会和经济问题,引起了民族解放运动的大量兴起。在战争年代,加利奇纳成为积极的国际政策的对象,起初作为加布尔戈夫帝国的一个组成部分,然后作为乌克兰人民的主权国家。此外,第一次世界大战加速了中欧和东欧的政治变革,并在加利奇纳出现了乌克兰国家教育。在国家和社会政治生活领域,如组建国家管理机构、司法、武装部队、社会、经济、民族、文化和教育场所,制定和发展基本标准和法律文件,成为西乌克兰人民共和国民族权力机构立法活动的主要成果。西乌克兰人民共和国对非乌克兰人的国家机制和民族政策是建立在前奥匈帝国议会制的民主传统基础上的。这些国家政策的基本原则使权力结构能够引导国家建设走向民主进程,使其面向社会。
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引用次数: 0
STATE ETHNOPOLITICS OF THE ZUNR PERIOD 祖尔时期的国家民族政治
Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.31471/2304-7410-2018-6(50)-77-84
M. Lazarovych
The purpose of the article is to analyze and generalize the features and trends of the ethnonational policy of the ZUNR government in the conditions of the liberation struggle of 1918-1919. The main activities of the Ukrainian authorities to ensure the rights and freedoms of the foreign ethnic population are investigated. The legal basis of state ethnopolitics is analyzed. The attitude of national minorities to the construction of the Ukrainian state is determined. The prerequisites and the process of attracting representatives of the foreign ethnic population to practical activities for the development of Ukrainian statehood are investigated, the mechanism of national representation in government bodies is clarified, the structure and principles of their functioning are analyzed. It is summed up that the ethnopolitics of the ZUNR leadership was democratic, but the characteristic feature of the outlined chronotope was the difficult conditions caused by the aggression on the part of Poland. Therefore, many events of the Ukrainian government often remained declarative due to the impossibility of their implementation. Involvement of the foreign population to participate in the representative and executive structures of the Ukrainian government was not only an integral part of its ethno-national policy, but also an important factor in the development of the state. But national minorities, primarily Jews and Germans, showed a certain inconsistency and respecting neutrality in the Polish-Ukrainian war, significantly limited their participation in state processes.
本文的目的是分析和概括在1918-1919年解放斗争的条件下,ZUNR政府的民族政策的特点和趋势。对乌克兰当局为确保外国族裔人口的权利和自由所开展的主要活动进行了调查。分析了国家民族政治的法律基础。少数民族对乌克兰国家建设的态度是确定的。研究了乌克兰国家发展中吸引外国民族代表参加实践活动的前提条件和过程,阐明了政府机构中民族代表的机制,分析了其运作的结构和原则。总而言之,zanr领导层的民族政治是民主的,但概述的时间表的特点是波兰方面的侵略造成的困难条件。因此,乌克兰政府的许多事件往往是声明性的,因为它们不可能执行。外国人口参与乌克兰政府的代表和行政机构不仅是其民族-国家政策的组成部分,也是国家发展的一个重要因素。但少数民族,主要是犹太人和德国人,在波乌战争中表现出一定的不一致和尊重中立,极大地限制了他们对国家进程的参与。
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引用次数: 0
REVOLUTION OF 1917-1921 IN THE HISTORICAL MEMORY OF UKRAINE: REGIONAL DIMENSION 乌克兰历史记忆中的1917-1921年革命:区域维度
Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.31471/2304-7410-2018-6(50)-124-132
I. V. Repeta
At the present stage of Ukraine's development, one of the decisive factors that significantly influences the processes of state-building of the Ukrainian nation is historical memory, which is an important component of the self-identification of the population. This article covers the factors that influenced the formation of historical memory in the regions of the country, one of which is the revolutionary events of 1917-1921.
在乌克兰发展的现阶段,影响乌克兰民族国家建设进程的决定性因素之一是历史记忆,这是人口自我认同的重要组成部分。本文探讨了影响我国各地区历史记忆形成的因素,其中之一是1917-1921年的革命事件。
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引用次数: 0
VOLUNTEER MOVEMENT IN UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF FOREIGN AGGRESSION 乌克兰在外国侵略条件下的志愿者运动
Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.31471/2304-7410-2018-6(50)-96-106
T. B. Madryga
The article highlights the peculiarities of volunteer movement development in Ukraine, which means voluntary, conscious, organized, unpaid work in favor of others. The current situation, main directions of work and the scale of Ukrainian volunteering in a hybrid war are described.
这篇文章强调了乌克兰志愿者运动发展的特殊性,这意味着自愿的、有意识的、有组织的、无偿的工作。介绍了混合战争中乌克兰志愿服务的现状、主要工作方向和规模。
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引用次数: 0
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