The European Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), together with the Temporary Support to Mitigate Unemployment Risks in an Emergency (SURE) instrument, constitutes a significant attempt to address deficiencies in the design of the European Monetary Union (EMU). This article shows the importance of a common fiscal instrument for the functioning of the EMU. It also shows why, before 2020, such mechanisms were extremely limited and why making the RRF and SURE permanent will be politically difficult. Challenges hampering fiscal integration in the EMU, combined with the need for a permanent fiscal capacity, make the implementation of the RRF from 2021 to 2026 crucial not only for post-COVID-19 recovery, but also for the long-term economic stability of the EU. A failure in the RRF's transition into a permanent federal instrument will require a more conservative fiscal policy as member state budgets remain crucial for the macro-economic stabilisation of asymmetric shocks.
{"title":"EU Emergency COVID-19 Instruments as an Attempt to Address Deficiencies in the EMU Design","authors":"M. Szczurek","doi":"10.33119/gn/143262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33119/gn/143262","url":null,"abstract":"The European Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), together with the Temporary Support to Mitigate Unemployment Risks in an Emergency (SURE) instrument, constitutes a significant attempt to address deficiencies in the design of the European Monetary Union (EMU). This article shows the importance of a common fiscal instrument for the functioning of the EMU. It also shows why, before 2020, such mechanisms were extremely limited and why making the RRF and SURE permanent will be politically difficult. Challenges hampering fiscal integration in the EMU, combined with the need for a permanent fiscal capacity, make the implementation of the RRF from 2021 to 2026 crucial not only for post-COVID-19 recovery, but also for the long-term economic stability of the EU. A failure in the RRF's transition into a permanent federal instrument will require a more conservative fiscal policy as member state budgets remain crucial for the macro-economic stabilisation of asymmetric shocks.","PeriodicalId":40977,"journal":{"name":"Gospodarka Narodowa-The Polish Journal of Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49213340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"90 Years of Gospodarka Narodowa","authors":"Grzegorz Konat, Anna Jarosz-Nojszewska","doi":"10.33119/gn/143572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33119/gn/143572","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40977,"journal":{"name":"Gospodarka Narodowa-The Polish Journal of Economics","volume":"310 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41330668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Liberal Economic Reforms in 1990s India: Process and Assessment","authors":"Michał Zaremba","doi":"10.33119/gn/143263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33119/gn/143263","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40977,"journal":{"name":"Gospodarka Narodowa-The Polish Journal of Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46113686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The monetary policy response to COVID-19 in various economies around the world was in many ways exceptional. This paper investigates several aspects of this response among 28 inflation targeters by looking at actions undertaken by selected monetary authorities at the outset of the pandemic-induced crisis. Evidently, the reviewed central banks assessed the pandemic to be a clear-cut case for loosening monetary policy. They promptly announced expansionary decisions, often at extraordinary meetings, using a possibly broad set of measures, with not much hesitation before reaching for unconventional ones. One of the key aspects of the response was how quickly the authorities reacted to the shock. It turned out that, on average, advanced economies announced their initial policy actions within a month, whereas emerging market economies were twice as fast. As shown by a simple econometric exercise, this difference can to a great extent be explained by the time when the first COVID-19 cases were recorded in a country, the stringency of the adopted pandemic restrictions, and the need for liquidity provisions in economies with less deep financial systems. Of relevance were also variables related to having room for manoeuvre with respect to nonstandard measures and the deviation of inflation from the target.
{"title":"Initial Monetary Policy Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Inflation Targeting Economies","authors":"Joanna Niedźwiedzińska","doi":"10.33119/gn/144314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33119/gn/144314","url":null,"abstract":"The monetary policy response to COVID-19 in various economies around the world was in many ways exceptional. This paper investigates several aspects of this response among 28 inflation targeters by looking at actions undertaken by selected monetary authorities at the outset of the pandemic-induced crisis. Evidently, the reviewed central banks assessed the pandemic to be a clear-cut case for loosening monetary policy. They promptly announced expansionary decisions, often at extraordinary meetings, using a possibly broad set of measures, with not much hesitation before reaching for unconventional ones. One of the key aspects of the response was how quickly the authorities reacted to the shock. It turned out that, on average, advanced economies announced their initial policy actions within a month, whereas emerging market economies were twice as fast. As shown by a simple econometric exercise, this difference can to a great extent be explained by the time when the first COVID-19 cases were recorded in a country, the stringency of the adopted pandemic restrictions, and the need for liquidity provisions in economies with less deep financial systems. Of relevance were also variables related to having room for manoeuvre with respect to nonstandard measures and the deviation of inflation from the target.","PeriodicalId":40977,"journal":{"name":"Gospodarka Narodowa-The Polish Journal of Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46152367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Celem artykulu jest określenie natezenia procesow zmian strukturalnych oraz identyfikacja kierunku i zakresu ich oddzialywania na wydajnośc pracy w krajach Europy Środkowej w latach 1995–2018. Zastosowano metode shift-share i przeprowadzono analize tych zalezności na poziomie dziewieciu sektorow. W wiekszości badanych krajow duze znaczenie dla wzrostu wydajności pracy mialy przesuniecia sily roboczej do sektorow o relatywnie wysokiej wydajności pracy. Najwiekszy wplyw zmian strukturalnych na stope wzrostu wydajności pracy stwierdzono w przypadku gospodarki polskiej, charakteryzującej sie relatywnie najnizszym poziomem rozwoju gospodarczego spośrod badanych krajow. W wybranych krajach Europy Środkowej najwyzsza wydajnośc pracy wystepowala w sektorze high-tech KIS, natomiast najwyzsza dynamika wydajności pracy – zazwyczaj w przemyśle high-tech. Sektory stymulujące wzrost wydajności pracy mialy jednak relatywnie maly udzial w zatrudnieniu. Z tego wzgledu udzial tych sektorow w zagregowanym wzroście wydajności pracy byl znacznie mniejszy niz uslug o niskim nasyceniu wiedzą czy tez przemyslu low-tech.
{"title":"Structural Change and Labour Productivity in Central Europe","authors":"A. Szewc-Rogalska, Tomasz Jakiel","doi":"10.33119/gn/139050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33119/gn/139050","url":null,"abstract":"Celem artykulu jest określenie natezenia procesow zmian strukturalnych oraz identyfikacja kierunku i zakresu ich oddzialywania na wydajnośc pracy w krajach Europy Środkowej w latach 1995–2018. Zastosowano metode shift-share i przeprowadzono analize tych zalezności na poziomie dziewieciu sektorow. W wiekszości badanych krajow duze znaczenie dla wzrostu wydajności pracy mialy przesuniecia sily roboczej do sektorow o relatywnie wysokiej wydajności pracy. Najwiekszy wplyw zmian strukturalnych na stope wzrostu wydajności pracy stwierdzono w przypadku gospodarki polskiej, charakteryzującej sie relatywnie najnizszym poziomem rozwoju gospodarczego spośrod badanych krajow. W wybranych krajach Europy Środkowej najwyzsza wydajnośc pracy wystepowala w sektorze high-tech KIS, natomiast najwyzsza dynamika wydajności pracy – zazwyczaj w przemyśle high-tech. Sektory stymulujące wzrost wydajności pracy mialy jednak relatywnie maly udzial w zatrudnieniu. Z tego wzgledu udzial tych sektorow w zagregowanym wzroście wydajności pracy byl znacznie mniejszy niz uslug o niskim nasyceniu wiedzą czy tez przemyslu low-tech.","PeriodicalId":40977,"journal":{"name":"Gospodarka Narodowa-The Polish Journal of Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41815073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper justifies the possibility of estimating wage premiums that higher study education graduates may receive based on the administrative data from the Polish Graduate Tracking System. The data on wages in the year preceding the admission to a given study cycle were used, along with the data from the year after graduation. For the first first-cycle full full-time study programme, the average growth in wages in relation to every each subsequent year of education ranged from 20% to 40% depending on the area of study under which a given field of study was classified. For full-time second second-cycle studies, the rate of return was 50%–60%. In the case of part-time studies, these growth rates were considerably lower.
{"title":"The Wage Premium on Higher Education: Evidence from the Polish Graduate Tracking System","authors":"Marek Rocki","doi":"10.33119/gn/140647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33119/gn/140647","url":null,"abstract":"The paper justifies the possibility of estimating wage premiums that higher study education graduates may receive based on the administrative data from the Polish Graduate Tracking System. The data on wages in the year preceding the admission to a given study cycle were used, along with the data from the year after graduation. For the first first-cycle full full-time study programme, the average growth in wages in relation to every each subsequent year of education ranged from 20% to 40% depending on the area of study under which a given field of study was classified. For full-time second second-cycle studies, the rate of return was 50%–60%. In the case of part-time studies, these growth rates were considerably lower.","PeriodicalId":40977,"journal":{"name":"Gospodarka Narodowa-The Polish Journal of Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46260730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Even when information is complex and the information processing capacity of economic agents uncertain, noisy messages do not necessarily indicate bad news. I exploit this intuition to examine a simple sender – receiver persuasion game in which effective communication about the state of the world depends not only on the sender’s efforts but also on the complexity of that state and the receiver’s competence. In this environment, the sender-optimal equilibria maximise the amount of noise. The receiver faces a ”competence curse” whereby the smart types might end up with less information and a lower payoff than those who are somewhat less competent.
{"title":"When Competence Hurts: Revelation of Complex Information","authors":"Joanna Franaszek","doi":"10.33119/gn/139049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33119/gn/139049","url":null,"abstract":"Even when information is complex and the information processing capacity of economic agents uncertain, noisy messages do not necessarily indicate bad news. I exploit this intuition to examine a simple sender – receiver persuasion game in which effective communication about the state of the world depends not only on the sender’s efforts but also on the complexity of that state and the receiver’s competence. In this environment, the sender-optimal equilibria maximise the amount of noise. The receiver faces a ”competence curse” whereby the smart types might end up with less information and a lower payoff than those who are somewhat less competent.","PeriodicalId":40977,"journal":{"name":"Gospodarka Narodowa-The Polish Journal of Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44219464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tempo zmian zachodzących we wszystkich obszarach gospodarki oraz dynamizacja rozwoju nowych dziedzin, szczegolnie tych związanych z uslugami i technologiami informacyjnymi oraz komunikacyjnymi, stworzyly potrzebe znowelizowania klasyfikacji dzialalności gospodarczej. Zrewidowana klasyfikacja – PKD-2007 – w wiekszym stopniu odzwierciedla wzrost znaczenia nowoczesnych technologii i przechodzenie w kierunku gospodarki opartej na wiedzy, lecz jednocześnie jest nieporownywalna z poprzednią klasyfikacją – PKD-2004. Celem artykulu bylo opracowanie sposobu przeliczenia danych o liczbie pracujących w Polsce wg systemu Polskiej Klasyfikacji Dzialalności (PKD) 2007 wobec systemu PKD-2004. Do badania wykorzystano dane z lat 1995–2007 (PKD-2004) i 2008–2019 (PKD-2007) o liczbie pracujących wg BAEL w poszczegolnych sekcjach w Polsce. Na podstawie: (1) kluczy powiązan PKD-2004 i PKD-2007 publikowanych przez GUS, (2) zliczania wystąpien pojedynczych osob pracujących wg klas (czyli czterocyfrowych kodow) w obu klasyfikacjach oraz (3) wiedzy eksperckiej, skonstruowano schemat powiązan (tzw. schemat przejścia) pomiedzy sekcjami PKD-2004 i PKD-2007. Tym samym uzyskano informacje statystyczne o liczbie pracujących w 21 sekcjach PKD-2007 dla lat 1995–2019. Dane te stanowią homogeniczny i spojny szereg czasowy z danymi publikowanymi przez GUS dla trzech sektorow gospodarki we wszystkich latach badania.
{"title":"The Polish Labour Force by Industry in 1995–2019: Estimates Based on a New Classification of Economic Activities","authors":"E. Kusideł, E. Antczak","doi":"10.33119/gn/139047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33119/gn/139047","url":null,"abstract":"Tempo zmian zachodzących we wszystkich obszarach gospodarki oraz dynamizacja rozwoju nowych dziedzin, szczegolnie tych związanych z uslugami i technologiami informacyjnymi oraz komunikacyjnymi, stworzyly potrzebe znowelizowania klasyfikacji dzialalności gospodarczej. Zrewidowana klasyfikacja – PKD-2007 – w wiekszym stopniu odzwierciedla wzrost znaczenia nowoczesnych technologii i przechodzenie w kierunku gospodarki opartej na wiedzy, lecz jednocześnie jest nieporownywalna z poprzednią klasyfikacją – PKD-2004. Celem artykulu bylo opracowanie sposobu przeliczenia danych o liczbie pracujących w Polsce wg systemu Polskiej Klasyfikacji Dzialalności (PKD) 2007 wobec systemu PKD-2004. Do badania wykorzystano dane z lat 1995–2007 (PKD-2004) i 2008–2019 (PKD-2007) o liczbie pracujących wg BAEL w poszczegolnych sekcjach w Polsce. Na podstawie: (1) kluczy powiązan PKD-2004 i PKD-2007 publikowanych przez GUS, (2) zliczania wystąpien pojedynczych osob pracujących wg klas (czyli czterocyfrowych kodow) w obu klasyfikacjach oraz (3) wiedzy eksperckiej, skonstruowano schemat powiązan (tzw. schemat przejścia) pomiedzy sekcjami PKD-2004 i PKD-2007. Tym samym uzyskano informacje statystyczne o liczbie pracujących w 21 sekcjach PKD-2007 dla lat 1995–2019. Dane te stanowią homogeniczny i spojny szereg czasowy z danymi publikowanymi przez GUS dla trzech sektorow gospodarki we wszystkich latach badania.","PeriodicalId":40977,"journal":{"name":"Gospodarka Narodowa-The Polish Journal of Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49004703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the article is to identify factors promoting and hindering the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in a cluster. The analysis is based on the literature of the subject and desk research on clusters, as well as studies by the Polish Agency for Enterprise Development (PARP), the European Commission, selected clusters and the ECCP platform. Factors promoting and hindering the implementation of the CSR concept were analysed at three levels: macro – focusing on the cluster-society relationship; meso – at the level of relations between cluster members; and micro in relation to individual enterprises. The research shows that favourable and unfavourable factors co-exist, which limits the possibilities of implementing the CSR concept in a cluster. Moreover, the concept of CSR at the macro level, in overloaded clusters, requires further elaboration and well-established cooperation of the dominant stakeholders in order to eliminate social problems.
{"title":"CSR in Clusters: Cluster Social Responsibility","authors":"Aleksandra Zaleśna, Agnieszka Predygier","doi":"10.33119/gn/140218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33119/gn/140218","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to identify factors promoting and hindering the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in a cluster. The analysis is based on the literature of the subject and desk research on clusters, as well as studies by the Polish Agency for Enterprise Development (PARP), the European Commission, selected clusters and the ECCP platform. Factors promoting and hindering the implementation of the CSR concept were analysed at three levels: macro – focusing on the cluster-society relationship; meso – at the level of relations between cluster members; and micro in relation to individual enterprises. The research shows that favourable and unfavourable factors co-exist, which limits the possibilities of implementing the CSR concept in a cluster. Moreover, the concept of CSR at the macro level, in overloaded clusters, requires further elaboration and well-established cooperation of the dominant stakeholders in order to eliminate social problems.","PeriodicalId":40977,"journal":{"name":"Gospodarka Narodowa-The Polish Journal of Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48125751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artykul podejmuje problematyke korupcji i metod jej przeciwdzialania. Celem jest odpowiedź na pytanie, czy zastosowanie w administracji publicznej technologii informacyjnych, ze szczegolnym uwzglednieniem Internetu, przyczynia sie do ograniczenia postrzegania korupcji w danym kraju. Na podstawie literatury zidentyfikowano determinanty korupcji w aspektach: politycznym, gospodarczym i kulturowym. W celu weryfikacji postawionej hipotezy, dotyczącej wplywu rozwoju uslug internetowych świadczonych przez panstwo na poziom postrzeganej korupcji, przeprowadzono badanie empiryczne z wykorzystaniem danych panelowych dla 129 krajow za lata 2008–2019. Jest to najdluzszy okres, dla ktorego mozliwe jest wykorzystanie aktualnych danych. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdzają skutecznośc e‑government jako narzedzia przeciwdzialania korupcji. W artykule zwrocono rowniez uwage na ograniczenia związane z rozwojem uslug elektronicznych w administracji, ktore wynikają w glownej mierze z barier edukacyjnych i infrastrukturalnych, ale takze z dopiero rozwijającego sie popytu na takie uslugi.
{"title":"Using Modern Technology to Counteract Corruption: Analysis of the Efficacy of e-Government Solutions","authors":"Stanisław Cichocki, Aleksandra Nagańska","doi":"10.33119/gn/139048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33119/gn/139048","url":null,"abstract":"Artykul podejmuje problematyke korupcji i metod jej przeciwdzialania. Celem jest odpowiedź na pytanie, czy zastosowanie w administracji publicznej technologii informacyjnych, ze szczegolnym uwzglednieniem Internetu, przyczynia sie do ograniczenia postrzegania korupcji w danym kraju. Na podstawie literatury zidentyfikowano determinanty korupcji w aspektach: politycznym, gospodarczym i kulturowym. W celu weryfikacji postawionej hipotezy, dotyczącej wplywu rozwoju uslug internetowych świadczonych przez panstwo na poziom postrzeganej korupcji, przeprowadzono badanie empiryczne z wykorzystaniem danych panelowych dla 129 krajow za lata 2008–2019. Jest to najdluzszy okres, dla ktorego mozliwe jest wykorzystanie aktualnych danych. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdzają skutecznośc e‑government jako narzedzia przeciwdzialania korupcji. W artykule zwrocono rowniez uwage na ograniczenia związane z rozwojem uslug elektronicznych w administracji, ktore wynikają w glownej mierze z barier edukacyjnych i infrastrukturalnych, ale takze z dopiero rozwijającego sie popytu na takie uslugi.","PeriodicalId":40977,"journal":{"name":"Gospodarka Narodowa-The Polish Journal of Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45379398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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