Pub Date : 2021-06-25DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198868828.003.0006
A. Aliverti
This chapter focuses on the moral worlds of migration policing. It reflects on the moral categories officers mobilize to understand the people they deal with, the moral meaning they attach to their actions, as well as to their job, and the range of emotional reactions that they express -including the moral pains involved in doing border work. The moral economy of immigration work is dominated by distinct and often conflicting logics and rationales (the bureaucratic, the punitive, and the compassionate), and underpinned by a political economy of immigration controls which simultaneously moralize and normalize immigration lawbreaking. In exploring how officers on the ground navigate and give content to this moral economy, we grasp the complex, ambivalent, and polyvalent sentiments mobilized in the policing of migration, and the distinct moral dilemmas that these officers encounter in their daily work. In the quest to produce a ‘bordered order’ (Aas 2013), they appreciate not only the arbitrariness of border control (and its inadequacy to confront the profound global disparities underpinning status illegality), but also its capricious operation, which does not deliver on the promises of getting rid of criminals, and letting in ‘good’ migrants. They convey the emotionally and morally draining nature of border controls and its human costs on both sides of state coercion, which exercise can equally brutalize and humanize those bestowing it. In conciliating the conflicting demands for care and order, empathy and suspicion, these officers often felt unable to achieve either.
{"title":"The Moral Worlds of Migration Policing","authors":"A. Aliverti","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868828.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868828.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on the moral worlds of migration policing. It reflects on the moral categories officers mobilize to understand the people they deal with, the moral meaning they attach to their actions, as well as to their job, and the range of emotional reactions that they express -including the moral pains involved in doing border work. The moral economy of immigration work is dominated by distinct and often conflicting logics and rationales (the bureaucratic, the punitive, and the compassionate), and underpinned by a political economy of immigration controls which simultaneously moralize and normalize immigration lawbreaking. In exploring how officers on the ground navigate and give content to this moral economy, we grasp the complex, ambivalent, and polyvalent sentiments mobilized in the policing of migration, and the distinct moral dilemmas that these officers encounter in their daily work. In the quest to produce a ‘bordered order’ (Aas 2013), they appreciate not only the arbitrariness of border control (and its inadequacy to confront the profound global disparities underpinning status illegality), but also its capricious operation, which does not deliver on the promises of getting rid of criminals, and letting in ‘good’ migrants. They convey the emotionally and morally draining nature of border controls and its human costs on both sides of state coercion, which exercise can equally brutalize and humanize those bestowing it. In conciliating the conflicting demands for care and order, empathy and suspicion, these officers often felt unable to achieve either.","PeriodicalId":410179,"journal":{"name":"Policing the Borders Within","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125111867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-25DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198868828.003.0009
A. Aliverti
The Conclusion reflects on the key contributions of the book, revisiting some of the concepts and arguments presented in the Introduction. The section concludes by posing a number of questions on the implications of the findings presented for the academic field of policing and, more importantly, for social justice and democratic governance. I argue that migration policing is a privileged entry point to understanding the relationship between policing and society in a globalized, postcolonial world. The policing of immigration subverts—or rather unveils—the veneer of legality in the work of maintaining order. By foregrounding the non-rational, magic-like operation of state power, the book intended to unsettle rigid received epistemologies to theorizing policing in northern state bureaucracies. Ultimately, the morally and politically contested domain where front-line officers operate, the fragility, contingency, and provisionality of their authority, the fortuitous, capricious, and arbitrary nature of their decisions, the futility of the violence and harms they exert and the pains they endure, reveal also a frail, impotent, and inchoate state seeking to assert itself amid a fluid, murky, interconnected, and polarized world. The impetus to reassert the national by enforcing a bordered order reveals the exclusionary foundations of social democratic institutions and poses serious questions about the viability of these institutions and the modern nation-state to foster social justice. Equally, this juncture is an opportunity to think anew our political and economic institutions, take stock of global interdependence and its implications for livelihoods, and foster new forms of human conviviality.
{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"A. Aliverti","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868828.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868828.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"The Conclusion reflects on the key contributions of the book, revisiting some of the concepts and arguments presented in the Introduction. The section concludes by posing a number of questions on the implications of the findings presented for the academic field of policing and, more importantly, for social justice and democratic governance. I argue that migration policing is a privileged entry point to understanding the relationship between policing and society in a globalized, postcolonial world. The policing of immigration subverts—or rather unveils—the veneer of legality in the work of maintaining order. By foregrounding the non-rational, magic-like operation of state power, the book intended to unsettle rigid received epistemologies to theorizing policing in northern state bureaucracies. Ultimately, the morally and politically contested domain where front-line officers operate, the fragility, contingency, and provisionality of their authority, the fortuitous, capricious, and arbitrary nature of their decisions, the futility of the violence and harms they exert and the pains they endure, reveal also a frail, impotent, and inchoate state seeking to assert itself amid a fluid, murky, interconnected, and polarized world. The impetus to reassert the national by enforcing a bordered order reveals the exclusionary foundations of social democratic institutions and poses serious questions about the viability of these institutions and the modern nation-state to foster social justice. Equally, this juncture is an opportunity to think anew our political and economic institutions, take stock of global interdependence and its implications for livelihoods, and foster new forms of human conviviality.","PeriodicalId":410179,"journal":{"name":"Policing the Borders Within","volume":"177 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133412656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-25DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198868828.003.0002
A. Aliverti
This chapter explores the experimentation within British policing resulting from the impetus to identify, fix individual identities, and make people legible in recent decades. Concerns over people’s identification and the crave for information has taken a new shift becoming a prime driver of police innovation and partnership work. The quest to know who is who reinvigorated institutional and operational connections with the inland immigration police, Home Office’s Immigration Enforcement (IE), including Operation Nexus. Operation Nexus (Nexus) is an initiative to bring the operational and intelligence capacities of IE and the police together to identify and manage foreign national suspects. While Nexus has been an important catalyst of fragmented and piecemeal practices in the policing of foreign nationals, the chapter focuses on the bespoke, informal nature of much (migration) policing which relies less on formal structures than in ever fragile and contingent relations, termed as ‘DIY policing’. The peculiar nature of such policing points to the intractable challenges of doing policing in contemporary conditions. At least in the UK, the analysis presented here points to a less coherent strategy and less assertive stance towards migration than that sometimes depicted by policy papers and academic literature on ‘crimmigration’, and provides an important empirical corrective to the dystopian diagnosis of penal power in criminology.
{"title":"DIY Policing: Crafting the New Contours of Policing in a Globalized World","authors":"A. Aliverti","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868828.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868828.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the experimentation within British policing resulting from the impetus to identify, fix individual identities, and make people legible in recent decades. Concerns over people’s identification and the crave for information has taken a new shift becoming a prime driver of police innovation and partnership work. The quest to know who is who reinvigorated institutional and operational connections with the inland immigration police, Home Office’s Immigration Enforcement (IE), including Operation Nexus. Operation Nexus (Nexus) is an initiative to bring the operational and intelligence capacities of IE and the police together to identify and manage foreign national suspects. While Nexus has been an important catalyst of fragmented and piecemeal practices in the policing of foreign nationals, the chapter focuses on the bespoke, informal nature of much (migration) policing which relies less on formal structures than in ever fragile and contingent relations, termed as ‘DIY policing’. The peculiar nature of such policing points to the intractable challenges of doing policing in contemporary conditions. At least in the UK, the analysis presented here points to a less coherent strategy and less assertive stance towards migration than that sometimes depicted by policy papers and academic literature on ‘crimmigration’, and provides an important empirical corrective to the dystopian diagnosis of penal power in criminology.","PeriodicalId":410179,"journal":{"name":"Policing the Borders Within","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124299251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-25DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198868828.003.0003
A. Aliverti
This chapter explores the history and professional culture of the operational arm of the immigration department, the Immigration Compliance and Enforcement teams (ICE). It examines this vernacular agency called upon to manage and control global mobility, and its ambivalent relationship with the police, attending to matters of authority and legitimacy, professional presentation and politics, morality and identity. It argues that while the police are recurrently referred as a comparator, the composition, institutional rules and practices, and the nature of the work of ICE set them apart. The chapter relies on first-hand accounts of long-term front-line officers to reconstruct and chart institutional changes to immigration enforcement in the UK. Their accounts offer insights into the mysterious world of immigration enforcement, its genesis, short turbulent history, and its fast-changing contours through the lens of those tasked with its making. The second part of the chapter explores what it is like to be an immigration officer: who are these people? Why have they chosen this career path? What are their aspirations and frustrations? What are their worldviews? How do they perceive themselves vis-à-vis their police colleagues? And what is it like to work in a highly controversial and sensitive area of public policy? Thus, the purpose of this chapter is to understand immigration enforcement, and its employees, through their own words and worlds.
{"title":"The Plastic Police: Professional Identity, Authority, and Legitimacy","authors":"A. Aliverti","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868828.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868828.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the history and professional culture of the operational arm of the immigration department, the Immigration Compliance and Enforcement teams (ICE). It examines this vernacular agency called upon to manage and control global mobility, and its ambivalent relationship with the police, attending to matters of authority and legitimacy, professional presentation and politics, morality and identity. It argues that while the police are recurrently referred as a comparator, the composition, institutional rules and practices, and the nature of the work of ICE set them apart. The chapter relies on first-hand accounts of long-term front-line officers to reconstruct and chart institutional changes to immigration enforcement in the UK. Their accounts offer insights into the mysterious world of immigration enforcement, its genesis, short turbulent history, and its fast-changing contours through the lens of those tasked with its making. The second part of the chapter explores what it is like to be an immigration officer: who are these people? Why have they chosen this career path? What are their aspirations and frustrations? What are their worldviews? How do they perceive themselves vis-à-vis their police colleagues? And what is it like to work in a highly controversial and sensitive area of public policy? Thus, the purpose of this chapter is to understand immigration enforcement, and its employees, through their own words and worlds.","PeriodicalId":410179,"journal":{"name":"Policing the Borders Within","volume":"02 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129411639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-25DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198868828.003.0008
A. Aliverti
This final chapter explores the relationship between place, belonging, and order in migration policing. It foregrounds the question of ‘place’ as a category of analysis to understand how immigration and police officers relate to and make sense of their quotidian work and the different publics they interact with. Foregrounding space in policing sheds light on its importance for visualizing, sensing, and constructing order. This spatial and atmospheric dimension of policing forms part of officers’ cognitive maps through which they attach meaning to and make sense of their patches, and the world beyond them. As these officers deal on an everyday basis with people hailing from far away, what are their perceptions of the world outside their patches and how do these ideas and experiences impact on their work? Directing our attention to the geographies of migration policing, its spatial dimensions illuminate how officers apprehend and construct ‘the here and now’ of the local and vernacular in relation to the ‘outside’ and the past. While the intensification of global movements and interconnections—and the attendant economic, social, and political transformations it entailed–has been said to de-border the state and erode a sense of place, their testimonies point to a recasting of it (of the immediate communities and the nation) in a globalizing context. In such context, these sensibilities which articulate experiences of change have become more acute as these officers convey their sense that the world has been turned upside down.
{"title":"‘In Our Crowded Little Island’: Policing Cartographies, Order, Place, and Belonging","authors":"A. Aliverti","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868828.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868828.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This final chapter explores the relationship between place, belonging, and order in migration policing. It foregrounds the question of ‘place’ as a category of analysis to understand how immigration and police officers relate to and make sense of their quotidian work and the different publics they interact with. Foregrounding space in policing sheds light on its importance for visualizing, sensing, and constructing order. This spatial and atmospheric dimension of policing forms part of officers’ cognitive maps through which they attach meaning to and make sense of their patches, and the world beyond them. As these officers deal on an everyday basis with people hailing from far away, what are their perceptions of the world outside their patches and how do these ideas and experiences impact on their work? Directing our attention to the geographies of migration policing, its spatial dimensions illuminate how officers apprehend and construct ‘the here and now’ of the local and vernacular in relation to the ‘outside’ and the past. While the intensification of global movements and interconnections—and the attendant economic, social, and political transformations it entailed–has been said to de-border the state and erode a sense of place, their testimonies point to a recasting of it (of the immediate communities and the nation) in a globalizing context. In such context, these sensibilities which articulate experiences of change have become more acute as these officers convey their sense that the world has been turned upside down.","PeriodicalId":410179,"journal":{"name":"Policing the Borders Within","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127883915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-25DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198868828.003.0004
A. Aliverti
This chapter examines the peculiar nature of immigration decision-making. Removal and deportation are state coercive acts that require the acquiescence of another sovereign state and often involve complex bilateral negotiations by parties in asymmetrical relations of power. As such they are truly international acts that demand careful coordination and interdependence between various actors and institutions. They place immigration officers at the receiving end of a long chain that connects various institutional actors across public and private domains spanning the local, the national, and the global. The peculiarity of immigration enforcement relates to the framework in which officers exercise discretion: a framework structured around a combination of variables over which they have little or no control, a game of chance or a lottery. Officers figuratively gesture at the magical powers of immigration enforcement to solve policing problems. The notion of magic attests to the attractions of immigration powers for everyday policing, as well as the random, capricious, informal, and arbitrary ways in which state power operates. The fragile, ever-changing grounds on which immigration staff make decisions reflects the challenges of state power to spatialize its authority in a transnational world order. By examining the imbrications of state power and magic, this chapter argues that immigration enforcement casts doubt on the presumed rationality of state bureaucracy and authority, exposing its arbitrariness as well as its limits.
{"title":"The Magic of Immigration Enforcement: Discretion, Order and Policing","authors":"A. Aliverti","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868828.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868828.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the peculiar nature of immigration decision-making. Removal and deportation are state coercive acts that require the acquiescence of another sovereign state and often involve complex bilateral negotiations by parties in asymmetrical relations of power. As such they are truly international acts that demand careful coordination and interdependence between various actors and institutions. They place immigration officers at the receiving end of a long chain that connects various institutional actors across public and private domains spanning the local, the national, and the global. The peculiarity of immigration enforcement relates to the framework in which officers exercise discretion: a framework structured around a combination of variables over which they have little or no control, a game of chance or a lottery. Officers figuratively gesture at the magical powers of immigration enforcement to solve policing problems. The notion of magic attests to the attractions of immigration powers for everyday policing, as well as the random, capricious, informal, and arbitrary ways in which state power operates. The fragile, ever-changing grounds on which immigration staff make decisions reflects the challenges of state power to spatialize its authority in a transnational world order. By examining the imbrications of state power and magic, this chapter argues that immigration enforcement casts doubt on the presumed rationality of state bureaucracy and authority, exposing its arbitrariness as well as its limits.","PeriodicalId":410179,"journal":{"name":"Policing the Borders Within","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122908538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-25DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198868828.003.0007
A. Aliverti
This chapter places the work of immigration officers within the broader politics of immigration in the UK. Front-line staff operate in a charged and polarizing environment, and are required to traverse this complex political arena in their daily shifts. Their work is laid open to politics in their daily work like no other area of government. Against the background of the Brexit vote, the chapter traces the growing salience of immigration in contemporary politics and the damaging effects of its electoral games in post-colonial Britain. Although such games have paid electoral dividends in the short term, they have also destroyed livelihoods. As if these games came full circle with the Windrush scandal, they had toxic institutional reverberations. The ambivalent and almost neurotic politics of immigration and its control which stirs imperial melancholia and profits from racialized public fears and anxieties, while shielding border work from view, brutalizes and demoralizes officers and tarnishes the department’s fragile legitimacy. It renders their everyday work hostage to the vagaries of politics and exposes them to the consequences of bad choices. As the chapter shows, immigration officers work to fulfil a fantasy, that of complete and perfect security, and bear the brunt of its disenchantments.
{"title":"Immigration Political Games (and Their Bruises)","authors":"A. Aliverti","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868828.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868828.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter places the work of immigration officers within the broader politics of immigration in the UK. Front-line staff operate in a charged and polarizing environment, and are required to traverse this complex political arena in their daily shifts. Their work is laid open to politics in their daily work like no other area of government. Against the background of the Brexit vote, the chapter traces the growing salience of immigration in contemporary politics and the damaging effects of its electoral games in post-colonial Britain. Although such games have paid electoral dividends in the short term, they have also destroyed livelihoods. As if these games came full circle with the Windrush scandal, they had toxic institutional reverberations. The ambivalent and almost neurotic politics of immigration and its control which stirs imperial melancholia and profits from racialized public fears and anxieties, while shielding border work from view, brutalizes and demoralizes officers and tarnishes the department’s fragile legitimacy. It renders their everyday work hostage to the vagaries of politics and exposes them to the consequences of bad choices. As the chapter shows, immigration officers work to fulfil a fantasy, that of complete and perfect security, and bear the brunt of its disenchantments.","PeriodicalId":410179,"journal":{"name":"Policing the Borders Within","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130982884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-25DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198868828.003.0005
A. Aliverti
This chapter delves deeper into the ubiquity of race in migration policing, its camouflage, and disavowal, and its legitimation and power for making sense of a complex and fluid social geography. It explores how racial knowledge and taxonomies are deployed and redefined through migration policing. As the ‘fine-grained cognitive maps’ with which the police operate are rendered insufficient and inefficient, immigration enforcement has been increasingly brought on board. Immigration enforcement works with and through race as a sorting technique in insidious, oblique, and paradoxical ways, giving meaning to and redefining the contours of police suspicion. Its presence is ubiquitous and legally sanctioned, yet selective, continuously disavowed, and often left unarticulated and nebulous. In immigration enforcement, the chapter argues, race makes state power operate in particularly mysterious, hazy, and magic-like ways, hinging on some bodies and not others, building on irretrievable vocabulary, associations, visual registers, smells and other sensory clues, and lingering colonial imageries and knowledge. In this context, racial sorting and profiling is not a deviation or aberration, but a constitutive part without which its exercise is futile. As a racial technology, immigration control practices illustrate the power and resilience of race, as well as its fragility. Ultimately, the chapter concludes, race is a shaky and fragile basis for policing which lays bare its contradictions, paradoxes, and limits.
{"title":"The Power of the Gaze: Suspicion, Race and Migration Policing","authors":"A. Aliverti","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868828.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868828.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter delves deeper into the ubiquity of race in migration policing, its camouflage, and disavowal, and its legitimation and power for making sense of a complex and fluid social geography. It explores how racial knowledge and taxonomies are deployed and redefined through migration policing. As the ‘fine-grained cognitive maps’ with which the police operate are rendered insufficient and inefficient, immigration enforcement has been increasingly brought on board. Immigration enforcement works with and through race as a sorting technique in insidious, oblique, and paradoxical ways, giving meaning to and redefining the contours of police suspicion. Its presence is ubiquitous and legally sanctioned, yet selective, continuously disavowed, and often left unarticulated and nebulous. In immigration enforcement, the chapter argues, race makes state power operate in particularly mysterious, hazy, and magic-like ways, hinging on some bodies and not others, building on irretrievable vocabulary, associations, visual registers, smells and other sensory clues, and lingering colonial imageries and knowledge. In this context, racial sorting and profiling is not a deviation or aberration, but a constitutive part without which its exercise is futile. As a racial technology, immigration control practices illustrate the power and resilience of race, as well as its fragility. Ultimately, the chapter concludes, race is a shaky and fragile basis for policing which lays bare its contradictions, paradoxes, and limits.","PeriodicalId":410179,"journal":{"name":"Policing the Borders Within","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128227791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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