Pub Date : 2018-07-31DOI: 10.11126/STANFORD/9781503605138.003.0007
Besnik Pula
This chapter demonstrates how political factors determined the path of postsocialist development and international market specialization in the 2000s. International market roles of individual economies built upon the cumulative advantages in transnational production Central and Eastern European economies gained during their socialist experience, but it was the political challenge of turning cumulative advantage into a sustained comparative institutional advantage that brought important gains in the capital, technological and skill base of the economy that concerned the politics of reform in the 1990s and 2000s. It was here that the interplay between industrial restructuring and reform of other institutions of the political economy came to matter. The chapter examines these policy patterns to show the divergent specialization of Hungary and Slovakia into an assembly platform, Czech Republic and Slovenia into an intermediate producer, and Bulgaria, Poland, and Romania into combined roles.
{"title":"Critical Junctures and the Politics of Institutional Adjustment","authors":"Besnik Pula","doi":"10.11126/STANFORD/9781503605138.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11126/STANFORD/9781503605138.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter demonstrates how political factors determined the path of postsocialist development and international market specialization in the 2000s. International market roles of individual economies built upon the cumulative advantages in transnational production Central and Eastern European economies gained during their socialist experience, but it was the political challenge of turning cumulative advantage into a sustained comparative institutional advantage that brought important gains in the capital, technological and skill base of the economy that concerned the politics of reform in the 1990s and 2000s. It was here that the interplay between industrial restructuring and reform of other institutions of the political economy came to matter. The chapter examines these policy patterns to show the divergent specialization of Hungary and Slovakia into an assembly platform, Czech Republic and Slovenia into an intermediate producer, and Bulgaria, Poland, and Romania into combined roles.","PeriodicalId":410445,"journal":{"name":"Globalization Under and After Socialism","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124423906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acknowledgments","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvqsf0sp.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvqsf0sp.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":410445,"journal":{"name":"Globalization Under and After Socialism","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133281655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-31DOI: 10.11126/stanford/9781503605138.003.0003
Besnik Pula
This chapter provides an historical overview of Central and Eastern Europe’s integration into the Soviet economic sphere and its effects on patterns of industrialization and trade. It is organized in four parts. First, the chapter discusses the international context of the early Cold War, economic reconstruction and trade policies, and the formation of Comecon. The chapter then turns to the post-Stalin period, when Soviet leaders begin to increasingly see Comecon’s role as a tool of regional economic integration. It examines the benefits of intra-bloc trade by comparing the region with other state socialist and developing states to demonstrate how membership in Comecon aided in facilitating rapid industrialization. Finally, it discusses the challenges Soviet and Central and East European leaders saw in expanding trade with the West.
{"title":"The Limits of Autarchy in the Periphery","authors":"Besnik Pula","doi":"10.11126/stanford/9781503605138.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503605138.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides an historical overview of Central and Eastern Europe’s integration into the Soviet economic sphere and its effects on patterns of industrialization and trade. It is organized in four parts. First, the chapter discusses the international context of the early Cold War, economic reconstruction and trade policies, and the formation of Comecon. The chapter then turns to the post-Stalin period, when Soviet leaders begin to increasingly see Comecon’s role as a tool of regional economic integration. It examines the benefits of intra-bloc trade by comparing the region with other state socialist and developing states to demonstrate how membership in Comecon aided in facilitating rapid industrialization. Finally, it discusses the challenges Soviet and Central and East European leaders saw in expanding trade with the West.","PeriodicalId":410445,"journal":{"name":"Globalization Under and After Socialism","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122061715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-31DOI: 10.11126/stanford/9781503605138.003.0005
Besnik Pula
This chapter looks at the rise of foreign direct investment (FDI), both as a new policy orientation, and as a process of capital flows with institutionally transformative consequences in postsocialist economies. While the previous chapters focused largely on political elites and macro-institutional change during the late socialist era, this chapter shifts attention to the impact of organizational processes at the firm level during the immediate postsocialist period in driving the transition towards globally integrated postsocialist industries. The chapter systematically examines patterns of institutional change from joint ventures to foreign direct investment across the region, and demonstrates the capacities of economies with the most diffuse experience with socialist proto-globalization in making the most rapid gains from globalization after economic liberalization post-1989.
{"title":"4. Socialist Protoglobalization and Patterns of Uneven Transnational Integration After 1989","authors":"Besnik Pula","doi":"10.11126/stanford/9781503605138.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503605138.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter looks at the rise of foreign direct investment (FDI), both as a new policy orientation, and as a process of capital flows with institutionally transformative consequences in postsocialist economies. While the previous chapters focused largely on political elites and macro-institutional change during the late socialist era, this chapter shifts attention to the impact of organizational processes at the firm level during the immediate postsocialist period in driving the transition towards globally integrated postsocialist industries. The chapter systematically examines patterns of institutional change from joint ventures to foreign direct investment across the region, and demonstrates the capacities of economies with the most diffuse experience with socialist proto-globalization in making the most rapid gains from globalization after economic liberalization post-1989.","PeriodicalId":410445,"journal":{"name":"Globalization Under and After Socialism","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117029788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-31DOI: 10.11126/STANFORD/9781503605138.003.0004
Besnik Pula
This chapter presents a structural account of East Europe’s industrial transformation during the era of reform socialism. “Reform socialism” refers to institutional reforms socialist states began introducing beginning around 1968, when economic problems like technological backwardness, low productivity and poor product quality became apparent to Communist leaderships across the region. While reforms were carried out unevenly, they are significant in that they coincide with a number of important developments in the world economy. The chapter argues that the 1970s was a crucially transformative decade for socialist economies, and especially for states on the forefront of economic reform. What proved most critical in determining the future industrial fate of socialist countries was the decentralization of trade authority away from central ministries to enterprises and Foreign Trade Organizations. The decentralization of trade authority gave enterprises direct exposure to the competitive pressures—and thus the dominant actors—of the world market.
{"title":"Upgrading Socialism","authors":"Besnik Pula","doi":"10.11126/STANFORD/9781503605138.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11126/STANFORD/9781503605138.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents a structural account of East Europe’s industrial transformation during the era of reform socialism. “Reform socialism” refers to institutional reforms socialist states began introducing beginning around 1968, when economic problems like technological backwardness, low productivity and poor product quality became apparent to Communist leaderships across the region. While reforms were carried out unevenly, they are significant in that they coincide with a number of important developments in the world economy. The chapter argues that the 1970s was a crucially transformative decade for socialist economies, and especially for states on the forefront of economic reform. What proved most critical in determining the future industrial fate of socialist countries was the decentralization of trade authority away from central ministries to enterprises and Foreign Trade Organizations. The decentralization of trade authority gave enterprises direct exposure to the competitive pressures—and thus the dominant actors—of the world market.","PeriodicalId":410445,"journal":{"name":"Globalization Under and After Socialism","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126964325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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