Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.61093/bel.8(2).1-19.2024
Marjon Bohré-den Harder, F. Harinck, Margot van der Doef, Jojanneke van der Toorn, Winifred A. Gebhardt
This study examined how employees experience humanness in organizations related to leadership behavior. More specifically, it was aimed to define what experienced humanness is from the perspective of employees, and which leadership behaviors employees perceive to contribute to these experiences of organizational humanness. To fulfill this aim, an exploratory grounded theory study was conducted, in which 13 employees were interviewed until saturation was attained, investigating their experiences in organizations that relate to humanness and examples of leadership behavior that influence it. Three overarching categories of experienced humanness were identified in organizations i.e., bounded space, attentive care, and human connection. Furthermore, eight specific sets of leadership behaviors appear to contribute to the experience of humanness. The findings were compared to the scientific literature and led to the conclusion that the findings yield unique elements, (e.g., fostering human connection within a team) that have not been covered in previous conceptualizations.
{"title":"Defining Organizational Humanness and Contributing Behavioral Attributes of Leadership: Qualitative Research Using a Grounded Theory Approach","authors":"Marjon Bohré-den Harder, F. Harinck, Margot van der Doef, Jojanneke van der Toorn, Winifred A. Gebhardt","doi":"10.61093/bel.8(2).1-19.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61093/bel.8(2).1-19.2024","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined how employees experience humanness in organizations related to leadership behavior. More specifically, it was aimed to define what experienced humanness is from the perspective of employees, and which leadership behaviors employees perceive to contribute to these experiences of organizational humanness. To fulfill this aim, an exploratory grounded theory study was conducted, in which 13 employees were interviewed until saturation was attained, investigating their experiences in organizations that relate to humanness and examples of leadership behavior that influence it. Three overarching categories of experienced humanness were identified in organizations i.e., bounded space, attentive care, and human connection. Furthermore, eight specific sets of leadership behaviors appear to contribute to the experience of humanness. The findings were compared to the scientific literature and led to the conclusion that the findings yield unique elements, (e.g., fostering human connection within a team) that have not been covered in previous conceptualizations.","PeriodicalId":410560,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","volume":" 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.61093/bel.8(2).200-218.2024
Olena Dobrovolska, Ralf Sonntag, S. Mynenko, Daryna Kosyk
Creating a fair investment environment is crucial for economic growth and attracting domestic and foreign investors. The purpose of this study is to find out how the shadow economy, harshness of courts against corrupt officials, tax pressure, and restrictions on business affect the fair investment environment. Therefore, two economic-mathematical models are built using multiple least squares regression analysis, in which the outcome variables are: in model 1 ‒ control over corruption, which is a component of the Global Governance Index; in model 2 ‒ the European Business Association’s Investment Attractiveness Index. The composition of the factor attributes in both models is the same: Corruption Perceptions Index by Transparency International; level of shadow economy according to the Ministry of Economy of Ukraine; the number of criminal cases in courts under the article “Acceptance of an offer, promise or receipt of an undue benefit by an official” using open data from the Unified State Register of Court Decisions; total tax and fee rate, which reflects taxes and mandatory payments as a percentage of commercial profit, determined by the World Bank Group methodology; assessment of “Starting Business” by Doing Business, according to the methodology of the World Bank Group. The modeling is based on the example of Ukraine for 2012‒2022. Calculations based on Model 1 show that restrictions on business have the greatest impact on the corruption control indicator (a 10% reduction in restrictions leads to a 3-point reduction in the need to control corruption), the shadow economy and tax pressure have an average impact (a one-point increase in them will increase the level of corruption by 0.4 points). The harshness of the courts against corrupt officials has the least impact (most corruption cases in Ukraine do not reach the courts). Calculations based on Model 2 show that the complexity of starting a business exerts the greatest impact on investment attractiveness (if it decreases by 15%, investment attractiveness will increase by almost 1 unit). The average impact is exerted by the increase in the shadow economy (a 10% increase in the shadow economy leads to a rise in investment attractiveness by 0.4 units). The insignificant impact is exerted by the tax burden and judicial punishment of corrupt officials.
{"title":"A Fair Investment Environment: The Impact of the Shadow Economy, the Harshness of the Courts Against Corrupt Officials, Tax Pressure and Restrictions on Business","authors":"Olena Dobrovolska, Ralf Sonntag, S. Mynenko, Daryna Kosyk","doi":"10.61093/bel.8(2).200-218.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61093/bel.8(2).200-218.2024","url":null,"abstract":"Creating a fair investment environment is crucial for economic growth and attracting domestic and foreign investors. The purpose of this study is to find out how the shadow economy, harshness of courts against corrupt officials, tax pressure, and restrictions on business affect the fair investment environment. Therefore, two economic-mathematical models are built using multiple least squares regression analysis, in which the outcome variables are: in model 1 ‒ control over corruption, which is a component of the Global Governance Index; in model 2 ‒ the European Business Association’s Investment Attractiveness Index. The composition of the factor attributes in both models is the same: Corruption Perceptions Index by Transparency International; level of shadow economy according to the Ministry of Economy of Ukraine; the number of criminal cases in courts under the article “Acceptance of an offer, promise or receipt of an undue benefit by an official” using open data from the Unified State Register of Court Decisions; total tax and fee rate, which reflects taxes and mandatory payments as a percentage of commercial profit, determined by the World Bank Group methodology; assessment of “Starting Business” by Doing Business, according to the methodology of the World Bank Group. The modeling is based on the example of Ukraine for 2012‒2022. Calculations based on Model 1 show that restrictions on business have the greatest impact on the corruption control indicator (a 10% reduction in restrictions leads to a 3-point reduction in the need to control corruption), the shadow economy and tax pressure have an average impact (a one-point increase in them will increase the level of corruption by 0.4 points). The harshness of the courts against corrupt officials has the least impact (most corruption cases in Ukraine do not reach the courts). Calculations based on Model 2 show that the complexity of starting a business exerts the greatest impact on investment attractiveness (if it decreases by 15%, investment attractiveness will increase by almost 1 unit). The average impact is exerted by the increase in the shadow economy (a 10% increase in the shadow economy leads to a rise in investment attractiveness by 0.4 units). The insignificant impact is exerted by the tax burden and judicial punishment of corrupt officials.","PeriodicalId":410560,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141680885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.61093/bel.8(2).35-48.2024
Delores Springs
This article explores how smart leadership contributes to developing inclusive, equitable, and sustainable smart cities amidst the backdrop of rapid urbanization and technological advancement. Smart leadership, as articulated in this article, embodies a holistic and forward-looking approach that prioritizes the well-being and inclusion of residents as a primary concern. In line with this approach, technological innovation is harmoniously embodied alongside an unwavering commitment to social justice, sustainability, and long-term planning, enabling cities that are not only technologically advanced, but also more sustainable, equitable and enriched for all residents. Central to this visionary leadership is a profound recognition of equality and representation in city governance. The principles of inclusive leadership require a leadership structure that reflects the diversity of the population, ensuring that the voices of all communities are integral to decision-making processes. Smart leaders actively advocate for the problems and aspirations of each segment of society, promoting a sense of belonging and empowerment among residents, thereby strengthening the city’s commitment to the principles of social cohesion and equal opportunities. In addition, sound leadership recognizes the key challenge of the digital divide, which can exacerbate disparities in urban landscapes. This article highlights the fundamental importance of digital access in ensuring all residents’ full participation in modern society, economics, and governance. Smart leaders introduce policies and initiatives to bridge the digital divide and ensure equal access to digital tools and information for every resident, regardless of socioeconomic background. This proactive approach promotes digital inclusion and lays the foundation for seamless smart technology integration in the city, ultimately improving its residents’ overall quality of life. Through a systematic analysis of articles, this inquiry observes the metamorphosis of cities into centers of advanced technological implementation and economic dynamism. The article proposes the author’s Smart City Leadership Activity Model, which contains several key principles of smart leadership in the context of equitable, sensible, and strategic smart city growth, development, and innovation.
{"title":"Elements of Smart Leadership Approaches for Smart City Development","authors":"Delores Springs","doi":"10.61093/bel.8(2).35-48.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61093/bel.8(2).35-48.2024","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores how smart leadership contributes to developing inclusive, equitable, and sustainable smart cities amidst the backdrop of rapid urbanization and technological advancement. Smart leadership, as articulated in this article, embodies a holistic and forward-looking approach that prioritizes the well-being and inclusion of residents as a primary concern. In line with this approach, technological innovation is harmoniously embodied alongside an unwavering commitment to social justice, sustainability, and long-term planning, enabling cities that are not only technologically advanced, but also more sustainable, equitable and enriched for all residents. Central to this visionary leadership is a profound recognition of equality and representation in city governance. The principles of inclusive leadership require a leadership structure that reflects the diversity of the population, ensuring that the voices of all communities are integral to decision-making processes. Smart leaders actively advocate for the problems and aspirations of each segment of society, promoting a sense of belonging and empowerment among residents, thereby strengthening the city’s commitment to the principles of social cohesion and equal opportunities. In addition, sound leadership recognizes the key challenge of the digital divide, which can exacerbate disparities in urban landscapes. This article highlights the fundamental importance of digital access in ensuring all residents’ full participation in modern society, economics, and governance. Smart leaders introduce policies and initiatives to bridge the digital divide and ensure equal access to digital tools and information for every resident, regardless of socioeconomic background. This proactive approach promotes digital inclusion and lays the foundation for seamless smart technology integration in the city, ultimately improving its residents’ overall quality of life. Through a systematic analysis of articles, this inquiry observes the metamorphosis of cities into centers of advanced technological implementation and economic dynamism. The article proposes the author’s Smart City Leadership Activity Model, which contains several key principles of smart leadership in the context of equitable, sensible, and strategic smart city growth, development, and innovation.","PeriodicalId":410560,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.61093/bel.8(2).164-183.2024
A. Artyukhov, Artur Lapidus, Olha Yeremenko, N. Artyukhova, O. Churikanova
This article conducts a bibliometric analysis to examine the scholarly discourse on educational resilience in the context of armed conflicts. It has explored how educational systems adapt, persist, and recover in adversity. The Biblioshiny App, the R programme Bibliometrix, the VOSviewer 1.6.16, and the Scopus tools were utilised. The analysis spans publications from 2000 to 2024, focusing on keywords such as “educational resilience”, “education recovery”, “armed conflicts”, “war”, “violence”, and “military conflicts”. The scope of the analysis was restricted to conference proceedings, books, and articles; other kinds of publications were not included. Given the wide range of geographic origins implied by the emphasis on emerging and frontier markets, no language limits were placed. There were no limitations on the research’s scope because the subject is transdisciplinary. 2,797 papers were chosen for analysis from the Scopus database based on these criteria. The study highlights the evolution of research themes, noting significant growth in publication activity post-2014 and topic changing post-2017, with notable contributions from researchers in conflict-affected regions. An analysis of the dynamics of public interest in the topic of educational recovery, conducted with the help of Google Trends, showed that the peak of interest fell in January 2022 (educational rehabilitation after the pandemic). More than 70% of the papers fall into the top three subject areas ‒ Social Sciences, Medicine, and Arts and Humanities ‒ which confirms the interdisciplinary nature of research on educational resilience in crisis situations. Most scientists on this topic are affiliated with the United States, the United Kingdom, India, China, and Australia. The United States and the United Kingdom have the longest histories of collaborative publications. The co-authorship analysis revealed that the most powerful regional cooperation network is formed by Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. The clustering of studies by keywords showed that the most powerful is a cluster of studies devoted to the impact of conflict on educational systems, resilience and recovery strategies, and political implications for education in emergencies.
{"title":"Educational Resilience Through the Armed Conflicts: A Bibliometric Analysis","authors":"A. Artyukhov, Artur Lapidus, Olha Yeremenko, N. Artyukhova, O. Churikanova","doi":"10.61093/bel.8(2).164-183.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61093/bel.8(2).164-183.2024","url":null,"abstract":"This article conducts a bibliometric analysis to examine the scholarly discourse on educational resilience in the context of armed conflicts. It has explored how educational systems adapt, persist, and recover in adversity. The Biblioshiny App, the R programme Bibliometrix, the VOSviewer 1.6.16, and the Scopus tools were utilised. The analysis spans publications from 2000 to 2024, focusing on keywords such as “educational resilience”, “education recovery”, “armed conflicts”, “war”, “violence”, and “military conflicts”. The scope of the analysis was restricted to conference proceedings, books, and articles; other kinds of publications were not included. Given the wide range of geographic origins implied by the emphasis on emerging and frontier markets, no language limits were placed. There were no limitations on the research’s scope because the subject is transdisciplinary. 2,797 papers were chosen for analysis from the Scopus database based on these criteria. The study highlights the evolution of research themes, noting significant growth in publication activity post-2014 and topic changing post-2017, with notable contributions from researchers in conflict-affected regions. An analysis of the dynamics of public interest in the topic of educational recovery, conducted with the help of Google Trends, showed that the peak of interest fell in January 2022 (educational rehabilitation after the pandemic). More than 70% of the papers fall into the top three subject areas ‒ Social Sciences, Medicine, and Arts and Humanities ‒ which confirms the interdisciplinary nature of research on educational resilience in crisis situations. Most scientists on this topic are affiliated with the United States, the United Kingdom, India, China, and Australia. The United States and the United Kingdom have the longest histories of collaborative publications. The co-authorship analysis revealed that the most powerful regional cooperation network is formed by Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. The clustering of studies by keywords showed that the most powerful is a cluster of studies devoted to the impact of conflict on educational systems, resilience and recovery strategies, and political implications for education in emergencies.","PeriodicalId":410560,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","volume":"93 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.61093/bel.8(2).49-62.2024
Issam Djouadi, Ahmed Zakane, Okba Abdellaoui
The relationship between corruption and growth has two primary theories. The concept of “sand the wheels” implies that corruption impedes economic advancement, while the notion of “grease the wheels” contends that corruption facilitates the process of growth (according to this concept, in highly corrupt states with weak institutions and a large amount of bureaucracy (under certain circumstances, such as specific conditions, situations, economic structures, or phases of economic transformation), public officials tend to manipulate: to speed up certain decisions (sometimes significant for the economic growth of the state) if they receive a bribe while moving through legal channels may be slow and sometimes make these decisions impossible). The prevailing consensus in empirical research has primarily backed the “sand the wheels” theory, with minimal acceptance seen for the “grease the wheels” hypothesis. This paper examines the link between corruption and economic growth of 9 East Asian nations and 14 Middle East and North African countries between 1996 and 2019. By embracing the fundamental assumption that the influence of corruption on economic growth may not follow a linear trajectory, linear and non-linear dynamic models were used to incentivize the corruption levels at which its impact on growth transforms. The study finds an inverted U link between corruption and growth, suggesting a threshold of 0.2228, where corruption in these counties has a beneficial impact on growth and a harmful impact above it. The paper also examines the potential indirect influence of corruption on economic growth via the investment channel, explicitly defining the corruption threshold. The empirical findings in these counties show a significant positive relationship between investment and growth when corruption exceeds the threshold value of 0.3028. It means that under certain circumstances and economic contexts, corruption can potentially foster investment, particularly when bureaucratic inefficiencies and strict regulations impede investment endeavors (through various means, including facilitating the acquisition of permits, licenses, and financing and establishing a more foreseeable business environment). This phenomenon is especially evident in industries where time-critical possibilities require prompt decision-making. The findings indicate a statistically significant and advantageous influence of the Rule of law on economic growth (when considering the impacts of institutional factors), a positive considerable link between regulatory quality and prosperity (even when the squared corruption variable was included), a statistically significant negative effect of government spending on growth. According to the results of the calculations, the article emphasizes that in the countries of East Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, the issues of ensuring the Rule of law, accountability, transparency and reduction of bureaucracy are of particular relevance.
{"title":"Corruption and Economic Growth Nexus: Empirical Evidence From Dynamic Threshold Panel Data","authors":"Issam Djouadi, Ahmed Zakane, Okba Abdellaoui","doi":"10.61093/bel.8(2).49-62.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61093/bel.8(2).49-62.2024","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between corruption and growth has two primary theories. The concept of “sand the wheels” implies that corruption impedes economic advancement, while the notion of “grease the wheels” contends that corruption facilitates the process of growth (according to this concept, in highly corrupt states with weak institutions and a large amount of bureaucracy (under certain circumstances, such as specific conditions, situations, economic structures, or phases of economic transformation), public officials tend to manipulate: to speed up certain decisions (sometimes significant for the economic growth of the state) if they receive a bribe while moving through legal channels may be slow and sometimes make these decisions impossible). The prevailing consensus in empirical research has primarily backed the “sand the wheels” theory, with minimal acceptance seen for the “grease the wheels” hypothesis. This paper examines the link between corruption and economic growth of 9 East Asian nations and 14 Middle East and North African countries between 1996 and 2019. By embracing the fundamental assumption that the influence of corruption on economic growth may not follow a linear trajectory, linear and non-linear dynamic models were used to incentivize the corruption levels at which its impact on growth transforms. The study finds an inverted U link between corruption and growth, suggesting a threshold of 0.2228, where corruption in these counties has a beneficial impact on growth and a harmful impact above it. The paper also examines the potential indirect influence of corruption on economic growth via the investment channel, explicitly defining the corruption threshold. The empirical findings in these counties show a significant positive relationship between investment and growth when corruption exceeds the threshold value of 0.3028. It means that under certain circumstances and economic contexts, corruption can potentially foster investment, particularly when bureaucratic inefficiencies and strict regulations impede investment endeavors (through various means, including facilitating the acquisition of permits, licenses, and financing and establishing a more foreseeable business environment). This phenomenon is especially evident in industries where time-critical possibilities require prompt decision-making. The findings indicate a statistically significant and advantageous influence of the Rule of law on economic growth (when considering the impacts of institutional factors), a positive considerable link between regulatory quality and prosperity (even when the squared corruption variable was included), a statistically significant negative effect of government spending on growth. According to the results of the calculations, the article emphasizes that in the countries of East Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, the issues of ensuring the Rule of law, accountability, transparency and reduction of bureaucracy are of particular relevance.","PeriodicalId":410560,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","volume":" 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.61093/bel.8(2).128-151.2024
Dimitry Borissov
Stress has a negative impact on the efficiency and productivity of employees and, accordingly, brings additional costs or losses to companies. A company’s proactive role in ensuring its employees’ resilience to stress in the workplace is crucial in creating an effective working environment and reducing staff turnover. The article analyses the scientific environment (using Descriptive bibliometric analysis and Science Mapping) and public interest (using Google Trends) in resilience and stress at professional work and in management in this area. The bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer based on publications from the Scopus database (Elsevier) without restrictions on the year of publication, country, author, language and category; the trend analysis was conducted for the period 2004‒2024 for all categories and countries, all Internet traffic was restricted to “Web searches”. The study showed a steady increase in Internet searches for the concept of “resilience training”, with peaks in 2004 and 2005 (coinciding with known terrorist attacks); interest in the query “resilience at professional work” is highest in the United States and the United Kingdom, and 12 leading countries were identified for the query “stress at professional work”. The dynamics of scientific papers in this area are described in the article by a 3rd-degree polynomial dependence equation with a determination coefficient of R² = 0.9676; a significant surge in publication activity occurred in 2014, with the number of papers increasing by 472% and an annual growth rate of 20% in 2014‒2024. The dominant subject areas of these publications are medicine (34.50%), social sciences (15.08%) and psychology (14.47%); countries are the USA, the UK, Australia, Canada, and China. The article identifies scientists who are leaders of scientific thought in this area, the most developed research networks, authoritative publications and journals (based on citation analysis), the most powerful international and national institutions that have funded research in this area (among the world leaders are the US National Institutes of Health and the US Department of Defence). The article structures the scientific work in this area: 1) based on the content and contextual feature, nine thematic clusters are identified, the most significant of which is the one that studies stress at work and professional burnout from a medical point of view; 2) based on the content and chronological feature, the most significant number of works were those on the human factor and gender issues of stress and resilience published in 2017‒2018.
{"title":"Resilience and Stress at Professional Work: Analysis of the Research Landscape and Public Interest","authors":"Dimitry Borissov","doi":"10.61093/bel.8(2).128-151.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61093/bel.8(2).128-151.2024","url":null,"abstract":"Stress has a negative impact on the efficiency and productivity of employees and, accordingly, brings additional costs or losses to companies. A company’s proactive role in ensuring its employees’ resilience to stress in the workplace is crucial in creating an effective working environment and reducing staff turnover. The article analyses the scientific environment (using Descriptive bibliometric analysis and Science Mapping) and public interest (using Google Trends) in resilience and stress at professional work and in management in this area. The bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer based on publications from the Scopus database (Elsevier) without restrictions on the year of publication, country, author, language and category; the trend analysis was conducted for the period 2004‒2024 for all categories and countries, all Internet traffic was restricted to “Web searches”. The study showed a steady increase in Internet searches for the concept of “resilience training”, with peaks in 2004 and 2005 (coinciding with known terrorist attacks); interest in the query “resilience at professional work” is highest in the United States and the United Kingdom, and 12 leading countries were identified for the query “stress at professional work”. The dynamics of scientific papers in this area are described in the article by a 3rd-degree polynomial dependence equation with a determination coefficient of R² = 0.9676; a significant surge in publication activity occurred in 2014, with the number of papers increasing by 472% and an annual growth rate of 20% in 2014‒2024. The dominant subject areas of these publications are medicine (34.50%), social sciences (15.08%) and psychology (14.47%); countries are the USA, the UK, Australia, Canada, and China. The article identifies scientists who are leaders of scientific thought in this area, the most developed research networks, authoritative publications and journals (based on citation analysis), the most powerful international and national institutions that have funded research in this area (among the world leaders are the US National Institutes of Health and the US Department of Defence). The article structures the scientific work in this area: 1) based on the content and contextual feature, nine thematic clusters are identified, the most significant of which is the one that studies stress at work and professional burnout from a medical point of view; 2) based on the content and chronological feature, the most significant number of works were those on the human factor and gender issues of stress and resilience published in 2017‒2018.","PeriodicalId":410560,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","volume":"53 S264","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.61093/bel.8(2).219-229.2024
Achintya Ray
This article explores the issue of inequality by using the example of the banking and financial services industry workers’ wages in 2022 in the most famous American metropolitan areas, focusing on 3 of its dimensions: gender inequality, racial inequality, and pay gaps in this sector compared to others. The study is based on data from the American Community Survey (ACS) conducted by the Census Bureau. Population-level figures are derived using the replicate weights calculated in the article using STATA 16.1 software (the information in the ACS is contained in raw microdata form, the ACS is a probability sample, so the sampling weights derived by factoring in the non-response bias are essential to arrive at the population-level estimates). The financial services sector plays a significant role in the economies of these metropolitan areas, employing an average of 7.77% of adult workers (the highest in Phoenix (10.41%) and Dallas (9.77%)). The study showed that in these megacities, financial services workers earned 64.77% more in 2022 than workers in other sectors of the local economy, with the highest gap in New York (111.24%) and Boston (80.81%). Women in the financial sector of these cities earn, on average, 65.59% less than men, with the largest gender gap in Chicago (71.84%) and Dallas (71.26%). The earnings gap for black and non-white workers compared to their white counterparts in the cities studied averaged 36.16%, with the largest sectoral gaps in Houston (60.14%) and Riverside (55.06%). The findings can inform the development of policies that promote equitable pay practices, enforce stronger anti-discrimination laws, and support diversity and inclusion initiatives within the industry.
{"title":"Gender, Race and Sectoral Inequality in Megacities: Case Study of Banking and Financial Services Industry","authors":"Achintya Ray","doi":"10.61093/bel.8(2).219-229.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61093/bel.8(2).219-229.2024","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the issue of inequality by using the example of the banking and financial services industry workers’ wages in 2022 in the most famous American metropolitan areas, focusing on 3 of its dimensions: gender inequality, racial inequality, and pay gaps in this sector compared to others. The study is based on data from the American Community Survey (ACS) conducted by the Census Bureau. Population-level figures are derived using the replicate weights calculated in the article using STATA 16.1 software (the information in the ACS is contained in raw microdata form, the ACS is a probability sample, so the sampling weights derived by factoring in the non-response bias are essential to arrive at the population-level estimates). The financial services sector plays a significant role in the economies of these metropolitan areas, employing an average of 7.77% of adult workers (the highest in Phoenix (10.41%) and Dallas (9.77%)). The study showed that in these megacities, financial services workers earned 64.77% more in 2022 than workers in other sectors of the local economy, with the highest gap in New York (111.24%) and Boston (80.81%). Women in the financial sector of these cities earn, on average, 65.59% less than men, with the largest gender gap in Chicago (71.84%) and Dallas (71.26%). The earnings gap for black and non-white workers compared to their white counterparts in the cities studied averaged 36.16%, with the largest sectoral gaps in Houston (60.14%) and Riverside (55.06%). The findings can inform the development of policies that promote equitable pay practices, enforce stronger anti-discrimination laws, and support diversity and inclusion initiatives within the industry.","PeriodicalId":410560,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","volume":"70 s293","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to evaluate the impact of individual entrepreneurial orientation on the entrepreneurial intention of Algerian university students. Specifically, it focuses on three dimensions of individual entrepreneurial orientation: risk-taking, innovativeness, and proactiveness. To achieve the main purpose of the study and test its hypotheses, the researchers employed a descriptive-analytical method, and a survey was conducted using a questionnaire on a sample of 333 second-year master’s students at the Faculty of Economics, Commercial and Management Sciences in Jijel University. The questionnaire consists of 15 statements: 3 – regarding risk-taking, 3 – innovativeness, 3 –proactiveness, and 6 – individual entrepreneurial orientation. The opinions of the sample (students) were measured using a five-point Likert scale. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was applied to test the reliability of the study instrument. To test internal consistency, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated to measure the correlation between each questionnaire item and the dimension to which it belongs. Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) and the Durbin-Watson test were also relied upon to ensure the independence of the independent variables and the absence of multiple linear correlation or autocorrelation between the residuals. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variables to test the study hypotheses accurately. The predictive capacity of the regression model is confirmed by the results of the ANOVA regression analysis. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS, version 28. The findings indicate that both risk-taking and proactiveness have a direct and positive influence on entrepreneurial intention. However, innovativeness does not demonstrate any statistically significant effect on entrepreneurial intention. In light of the obtained results, a set of recommendations meant to foster the individual entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention of university students was proposed.
{"title":"The Effect of Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation on Entrepreneurial Intention Among University Students","authors":"Djamel Eddine Kaouache, Charif Amara, Chafik Chatter, Amine Kaouache","doi":"10.61093/bel.8(2).63-75.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61093/bel.8(2).63-75.2024","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to evaluate the impact of individual entrepreneurial orientation on the entrepreneurial intention of Algerian university students. Specifically, it focuses on three dimensions of individual entrepreneurial orientation: risk-taking, innovativeness, and proactiveness. To achieve the main purpose of the study and test its hypotheses, the researchers employed a descriptive-analytical method, and a survey was conducted using a questionnaire on a sample of 333 second-year master’s students at the Faculty of Economics, Commercial and Management Sciences in Jijel University. The questionnaire consists of 15 statements: 3 – regarding risk-taking, 3 – innovativeness, 3 –proactiveness, and 6 – individual entrepreneurial orientation. The opinions of the sample (students) were measured using a five-point Likert scale. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was applied to test the reliability of the study instrument. To test internal consistency, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated to measure the correlation between each questionnaire item and the dimension to which it belongs. Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) and the Durbin-Watson test were also relied upon to ensure the independence of the independent variables and the absence of multiple linear correlation or autocorrelation between the residuals. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variables to test the study hypotheses accurately. The predictive capacity of the regression model is confirmed by the results of the ANOVA regression analysis. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS, version 28. The findings indicate that both risk-taking and proactiveness have a direct and positive influence on entrepreneurial intention. However, innovativeness does not demonstrate any statistically significant effect on entrepreneurial intention. In light of the obtained results, a set of recommendations meant to foster the individual entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention of university students was proposed.","PeriodicalId":410560,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","volume":"33 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141684258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.61093/bel.8(2).92-106.2024
Nesrine Hakem, Mehdi Bouchetara, Wissam Belimane, Mustapha Amokrane
The quality management is a complex set of constant activities aimed at improving the quality of products and services, regularly evaluating and monitoring it, preventing defects, limiting and reducing malfunctions, and correcting production defects before and after the sale of goods. Ineffective quality management leads to such problems as product returns, claims, replacement or repair, loss of customer base, damage to brand reputation, etc. This paper aims to analyze advanced strategies, methodologies, methods and tools for effective control of quality management costs, ways and means of their strategic integration into the practice of business quality management, emphasize the importance of optimizing the cost of quality management in enterprises. The proposals developed in this article are demonstrated on the example of the woodwork division of MEKKERA (MDM), a subsidiary of the HASNAOUI Group in Algeria. An approach represented in the article combines qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative data collection involved semi-structured interviews with four company managers, processed using NVIVO software. The purpose of these interviews was to understand the reasons that led the company to include the evaluation of the Cost of Quality in its quality objectives for 2023, as well as the perspectives and goals aimed for by the company in this initiative. A Quantitative analysis relied on secondary data from the company’s database: direct quality costs were calculated using the P-A-F and Ferrebœuf models, prevention and detection measures’ effectiveness and production process performance were evaluated; key performance indicators for indirect quality acquisition costs were defined. Findings revealed the company exceeded set thresholds for internal and external failure costs, necessitating improvements. Ishikawa method identified causes, and corrective actions were proposed using Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA).
{"title":"Cost of Quality Management: Encouraging Business Leaders to Manage and Invest in Quality Enhancement","authors":"Nesrine Hakem, Mehdi Bouchetara, Wissam Belimane, Mustapha Amokrane","doi":"10.61093/bel.8(2).92-106.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61093/bel.8(2).92-106.2024","url":null,"abstract":"The quality management is a complex set of constant activities aimed at improving the quality of products and services, regularly evaluating and monitoring it, preventing defects, limiting and reducing malfunctions, and correcting production defects before and after the sale of goods. Ineffective quality management leads to such problems as product returns, claims, replacement or repair, loss of customer base, damage to brand reputation, etc. This paper aims to analyze advanced strategies, methodologies, methods and tools for effective control of quality management costs, ways and means of their strategic integration into the practice of business quality management, emphasize the importance of optimizing the cost of quality management in enterprises. The proposals developed in this article are demonstrated on the example of the woodwork division of MEKKERA (MDM), a subsidiary of the HASNAOUI Group in Algeria. An approach represented in the article combines qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative data collection involved semi-structured interviews with four company managers, processed using NVIVO software. The purpose of these interviews was to understand the reasons that led the company to include the evaluation of the Cost of Quality in its quality objectives for 2023, as well as the perspectives and goals aimed for by the company in this initiative. A Quantitative analysis relied on secondary data from the company’s database: direct quality costs were calculated using the P-A-F and Ferrebœuf models, prevention and detection measures’ effectiveness and production process performance were evaluated; key performance indicators for indirect quality acquisition costs were defined. Findings revealed the company exceeded set thresholds for internal and external failure costs, necessitating improvements. Ishikawa method identified causes, and corrective actions were proposed using Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA).","PeriodicalId":410560,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","volume":" 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141680914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.61093/bel.8(2).107-127.2024
B. Mujtaba
Artificial intelligence has been talked about for over half a century now. Still, it became a fast-growing reality in 2023 through modern technologies, such as Meta AI, Open AI, or ChatGPT, and has created some ethical concerns. This research provides examples of how AI is being used in academia, how it can be used, and how to assess college students’ familiarity with such technologies, their perception of it, and level of usage. Using an AI-generated short survey to gather quantitative and qualitative data through a discussion exercise, 126 undergraduates with four different professors were asked to share their answers and views. The findings show that many of today’s college students in South Florida see the usage of AI as ethical and legal. However, a few respondents remain uncertain due to a lack of clear guidelines from professors and the institution. Thus, most respondents reported that they are familiar with AI as they use it multiple times weekly. Consequently, educators and administrators must sharpen their students’ AI skills so they can be ethical and competitive in the workplace. Implications for students, educators and administrators in the higher education arena are explored. Besides serving as a person’s second brain, using AI can be an excellent way for students to mitigate and overcome procrastination, enhance their productivity, and comprehensively complete academic projects on time. Furthermore, the proper use of AI tools can reduce errors, quickly assess large amounts of data, automate repetitive functions, lead to better decisions, and help learners move forward amid challenging obstacles. As such, academic institutions must do more to ensure they are “sharpening their students’ AI saw” before they graduate and embark on their professional endeavors. Artificial intelligence, when used properly, ethically, and legally following established industry norms and guidelines, offers many transformative benefits across diverse fields to benefit human beings and society. Students pursuing a healthcare career can use AI to aid in early disease detection, accelerate drug discovery, and improve patient care through precision medicine. Graduates in the engineering or transportation industries can use AI to optimize traffic flow, enhance safety with autonomous vehicles, and reduce emissions through predictive maintenance. Moreover, those who remain in the education field after graduation can use AI to facilitate personalized learning experiences tailored to individual student needs while fostering greater engagement and academic success for all learners. The latest advancements underscore AI’s potential to drive innovation, increase efficiency, and address complex challenges while ultimately shaping a more interconnected and prosperous future for everyone in society.
{"title":"Clarifying Ethical Dilemmas in Sharpening Students’ Artificial Intelligence Proficiency: Dispelling Myths About Using AI Tools in Higher Education","authors":"B. Mujtaba","doi":"10.61093/bel.8(2).107-127.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61093/bel.8(2).107-127.2024","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence has been talked about for over half a century now. Still, it became a fast-growing reality in 2023 through modern technologies, such as Meta AI, Open AI, or ChatGPT, and has created some ethical concerns. This research provides examples of how AI is being used in academia, how it can be used, and how to assess college students’ familiarity with such technologies, their perception of it, and level of usage. Using an AI-generated short survey to gather quantitative and qualitative data through a discussion exercise, 126 undergraduates with four different professors were asked to share their answers and views. The findings show that many of today’s college students in South Florida see the usage of AI as ethical and legal. However, a few respondents remain uncertain due to a lack of clear guidelines from professors and the institution. Thus, most respondents reported that they are familiar with AI as they use it multiple times weekly. Consequently, educators and administrators must sharpen their students’ AI skills so they can be ethical and competitive in the workplace. Implications for students, educators and administrators in the higher education arena are explored. Besides serving as a person’s second brain, using AI can be an excellent way for students to mitigate and overcome procrastination, enhance their productivity, and comprehensively complete academic projects on time. Furthermore, the proper use of AI tools can reduce errors, quickly assess large amounts of data, automate repetitive functions, lead to better decisions, and help learners move forward amid challenging obstacles. As such, academic institutions must do more to ensure they are “sharpening their students’ AI saw” before they graduate and embark on their professional endeavors. Artificial intelligence, when used properly, ethically, and legally following established industry norms and guidelines, offers many transformative benefits across diverse fields to benefit human beings and society. Students pursuing a healthcare career can use AI to aid in early disease detection, accelerate drug discovery, and improve patient care through precision medicine. Graduates in the engineering or transportation industries can use AI to optimize traffic flow, enhance safety with autonomous vehicles, and reduce emissions through predictive maintenance. Moreover, those who remain in the education field after graduation can use AI to facilitate personalized learning experiences tailored to individual student needs while fostering greater engagement and academic success for all learners. The latest advancements underscore AI’s potential to drive innovation, increase efficiency, and address complex challenges while ultimately shaping a more interconnected and prosperous future for everyone in society.","PeriodicalId":410560,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","volume":"11 S9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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