Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.21272/bel.6(3).68-76.2022
Chinelo Ifenyinwa Nwaibe, J. U. Ogbuefi, I. R. Egbenta
Abstract This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of investigating the role of developers in the economic development of the country. The relevance of this scientific problem decision is that the risk management maturity on the part of developers is often underestimated when researching developing real estate markets. Systematization of the literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of risk management proved the presence of a significant number of studies that confirm the hypothesis that some of the developers have not reached the normalized risk management maturity scale. The main purpose of the paper is to explore the role of organizational learning in enhancing risk management maturity, as a means of setting research agenda for its empirical evaluation in emerging economies. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach, the article systematizes the scientific literature on the importance of organizational learning in managing real estate investment maturity risks in emerging economies like Nigeria. The object of the research was indexed studies on Web of Scholar, Google Scholar, Emerald and Pubmed databases. Qualitative analysis methods have become a methodical toolkit for determining the parameters of organizational learning that contribute to the achievement of risk management maturity. The paper confirms and theoretically proves that risk knowledge acquisition, integration and transformation had potentials of respectively leading to sustainable risk identification, assessment and mitigation in property development projects. The results of the study form the basis for the understanding by scholars, practitioners and policy makers of their contribution to scientific research on the issues of a risk management mature property development sector in emerging economies. The strengths of this study are that it aims to identify the importance of organizational learning in risk management mature property investment in emerging markets.
摘要本文总结了在研究发展商在国家经济发展中的作用这一问题的科学讨论中存在的争论和反对意见。这种科学问题决策的相关性在于，在研究开发中的房地产市场时，往往低估了开发商的风险管理成熟度。对解决风险管理问题的文献来源和方法的系统化证明了大量研究的存在，这些研究证实了一些开发商尚未达到规范化风险管理成熟度尺度的假设。本文的主要目的是探讨组织学习在提高风险管理成熟度方面的作用，并以此为新兴经济体风险管理成熟度的实证评估设定研究议程。本文采用系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目(PRISMA)方法，将组织学习在尼日利亚等新兴经济体管理房地产投资成熟度风险中的重要性的科学文献系统化。研究对象为Web of Scholar、Google Scholar、Emerald和Pubmed数据库的索引研究。定性分析方法已经成为确定有助于实现风险管理成熟度的组织学习参数的有条理的工具包。本文从理论上证实了风险知识获取、风险知识整合和风险知识转化在房地产开发项目中分别具有实现可持续风险识别、评估和缓解的潜力。研究结果为学者、从业人员和政策制定者理解他们对新兴经济体成熟房地产开发行业风险管理问题的科学研究的贡献奠定了基础。本研究的优势在于，它旨在确定组织学习在新兴市场成熟房地产投资风险管理中的重要性。
{"title":"Organizational Learning and Risk Management Maturity: Systematic and Meta-Analyses Approach","authors":"Chinelo Ifenyinwa Nwaibe, J. U. Ogbuefi, I. R. Egbenta","doi":"10.21272/bel.6(3).68-76.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/bel.6(3).68-76.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of investigating the role of developers in the economic development of the country. The relevance of this scientific problem decision is that the risk management maturity on the part of developers is often underestimated when researching developing real estate markets. Systematization of the literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of risk management proved the presence of a significant number of studies that confirm the hypothesis that some of the developers have not reached the normalized risk management maturity scale. The main purpose of the paper is to explore the role of organizational learning in enhancing risk management maturity, as a means of setting research agenda for its empirical evaluation in emerging economies. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach, the article systematizes the scientific literature on the importance of organizational learning in managing real estate investment maturity risks in emerging economies like Nigeria. The object of the research was indexed studies on Web of Scholar, Google Scholar, Emerald and Pubmed databases. Qualitative analysis methods have become a methodical toolkit for determining the parameters of organizational learning that contribute to the achievement of risk management maturity. The paper confirms and theoretically proves that risk knowledge acquisition, integration and transformation had potentials of respectively leading to sustainable risk identification, assessment and mitigation in property development projects. The results of the study form the basis for the understanding by scholars, practitioners and policy makers of their contribution to scientific research on the issues of a risk management mature property development sector in emerging economies. The strengths of this study are that it aims to identify the importance of organizational learning in risk management mature property investment in emerging markets.","PeriodicalId":410560,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130912362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.21272/bel.6(3).57-67.2022
K. Makole, B. Ntshangase, Mosebeng Samuel Maringa, Steven Kayambazinthu Msosa
Abstract The relevance of this scientific problem is that there are numerous calls and arguments from civil society organisations, labour unions, progressive economists, and policy experts to the South African government regarding the introduction of basic income grant. This will help protect the unemployed from poverty and stimulate economic growth. Systematization of the literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of improving the quality of life of the poor indicates that the government (led by the African National Congress) since 1994 implemented a social security policy (the child support grant for women). At the same time, the government’s position regarding the feasibility of introducing of basic income grant as a tool for economic stimulation has changed. The African National Congress disagrees with the need for basic income grant as a tool for poverty alleviation and economic growth. The main purpose of the research is the analysis of the prerequisites for the change in the position of the African National Congress regarding the feasibility of introducing basic income grant: basic income grant is a tool for stimulating economic growth and overcoming poverty for most of the disadvantaged population of South Africa, or a means for the government to preserve its positions, which are weakening among the South African electorate. The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis, which proved that basic income grant will contribute to the increase of the national tax base as those not earning an income can start buying and selling goods and be taxed. At the same time, at the initial stage, the introduction of basic income grant will lead to an increase in the level of income taxation of the employed population. Analytical methods of scientific literature analysis became the methodical tools of the conducted research. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the introduction of basic income grant could stimulate the economy by ensuring that the unemployed become economic participants by having disposable cash to spend and start business activities.
{"title":"Can a Basic Income Grant Improve the Quality of Life for the Poor in South Africa: An Analytical Review","authors":"K. Makole, B. Ntshangase, Mosebeng Samuel Maringa, Steven Kayambazinthu Msosa","doi":"10.21272/bel.6(3).57-67.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/bel.6(3).57-67.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The relevance of this scientific problem is that there are numerous calls and arguments from civil society organisations, labour unions, progressive economists, and policy experts to the South African government regarding the introduction of basic income grant. This will help protect the unemployed from poverty and stimulate economic growth. Systematization of the literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of improving the quality of life of the poor indicates that the government (led by the African National Congress) since 1994 implemented a social security policy (the child support grant for women). At the same time, the government’s position regarding the feasibility of introducing of basic income grant as a tool for economic stimulation has changed. The African National Congress disagrees with the need for basic income grant as a tool for poverty alleviation and economic growth. The main purpose of the research is the analysis of the prerequisites for the change in the position of the African National Congress regarding the feasibility of introducing basic income grant: basic income grant is a tool for stimulating economic growth and overcoming poverty for most of the disadvantaged population of South Africa, or a means for the government to preserve its positions, which are weakening among the South African electorate. The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis, which proved that basic income grant will contribute to the increase of the national tax base as those not earning an income can start buying and selling goods and be taxed. At the same time, at the initial stage, the introduction of basic income grant will lead to an increase in the level of income taxation of the employed population. Analytical methods of scientific literature analysis became the methodical tools of the conducted research. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the introduction of basic income grant could stimulate the economy by ensuring that the unemployed become economic participants by having disposable cash to spend and start business activities.","PeriodicalId":410560,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116346037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.21272/bel.6(3).14-22.2022
S. Vyas-Doorgapersad
Abstract The purpose of this study is to develop organisational ethics and encourage an ethical culture in the South African public sector. Systematization of the literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of corruption indicates the need to observe the principles of organizational ethics to provide and preserve the circumstances necessary to support the integrity of democratic institutions and processes. The relevance of this scientific problem decision is that this study intends to adhere to ethical principles stipulated in Section 195 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, stipulating that democratic principles shall guide South Africa’s governmental administration. These goals may be achieved by implementing a strong organizational ethics management system. Investigation in the paper is conducted in the following logical sequence: an overview of corruption in the South African public sector is explored, followed by an explanation regarding the significance of organizational ethics management in reducing corruption. The methodological tools of the research methods include a desktop study of the existing literature and official legislation and regulatory documents required for the research. Organizational ethics management was theoretically and contextually analyzed utilizing qualitative research methodologies and trend analysis. The results show that although the South African government has implemented remedial procedures to address unethical behavior in the public sector, the study found that financial mismanagement and corruption continue to predominate investigations, commissions of inquiry, and the media. These occurrences also include non-compliance with laws and regulations. Furthermore, disciplinary procedures are implemented improperly, and supervision mechanisms are not properly used or enforced. Based on the research results, proposals for policy changes and a list of priority corrective measures specific to the South African situation are made. The provided practical recommendations to support an ethical environment in the South African public sector may be helpful for representatives of the public administration and other public institutions. Although the subject of corruption is not new, it still needs ongoing dialogue and participation between academics, legislators, and policymakers to come up with solutions tailored to each nation.
{"title":"Organisational Ethics Management to Combat Corruption in the South African Public Sector","authors":"S. Vyas-Doorgapersad","doi":"10.21272/bel.6(3).14-22.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/bel.6(3).14-22.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this study is to develop organisational ethics and encourage an ethical culture in the South African public sector. Systematization of the literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of corruption indicates the need to observe the principles of organizational ethics to provide and preserve the circumstances necessary to support the integrity of democratic institutions and processes. The relevance of this scientific problem decision is that this study intends to adhere to ethical principles stipulated in Section 195 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, stipulating that democratic principles shall guide South Africa’s governmental administration. These goals may be achieved by implementing a strong organizational ethics management system. Investigation in the paper is conducted in the following logical sequence: an overview of corruption in the South African public sector is explored, followed by an explanation regarding the significance of organizational ethics management in reducing corruption. The methodological tools of the research methods include a desktop study of the existing literature and official legislation and regulatory documents required for the research. Organizational ethics management was theoretically and contextually analyzed utilizing qualitative research methodologies and trend analysis. The results show that although the South African government has implemented remedial procedures to address unethical behavior in the public sector, the study found that financial mismanagement and corruption continue to predominate investigations, commissions of inquiry, and the media. These occurrences also include non-compliance with laws and regulations. Furthermore, disciplinary procedures are implemented improperly, and supervision mechanisms are not properly used or enforced. Based on the research results, proposals for policy changes and a list of priority corrective measures specific to the South African situation are made. The provided practical recommendations to support an ethical environment in the South African public sector may be helpful for representatives of the public administration and other public institutions. Although the subject of corruption is not new, it still needs ongoing dialogue and participation between academics, legislators, and policymakers to come up with solutions tailored to each nation.","PeriodicalId":410560,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115778933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.21272/bel.6(3).35-46.2022
Zineb Soltana Seguer, Amina Messaïd Hasna
Abstract In the literature review, the subject of changes in organizations and business professions as a result of digital advances and digital is quite frequent. These changes concern all sectors of activity and professions without exception. Thus, under the influence of digitalization, individual campaigns have transformed, changed, or disappeared altogether. The same applies to individual professions related to digitalization. The aim of the article is to investigate the main problems and determine the ability of the managerial profession to face the challenges and threats that arise in the conditions of digitization of organizations and the use of business analytics tools. Among the many functions of the manager’s profession, the article examined the role of strategic decision-making as one of the most complex and difficult to digitize. The object of the study is the skills of strategic decision-makers in organizations from different sectors of the economy (pharmaceutical industry, agri-food industry, career industry, construction and real estate, metallurgy and metal materials, multinational, business administration, communication & Marketing, e-business, auditing & accounting, banking). New decision-making skills were identified and described based on the study of the skills of fifteen different managers and eight consultants and analysts. All managers should gradually acquire these skills to complete their basic training, gain knowledge and interpersonal communication skills, and understand the latest know-how which appears in the digital age. It will allow him to meet his company’s current and future needs and better retain and fulfill job duties. The results of this study show us that in addition to his professional development based on technology and digital, the manager develops based on his personal growth and professional knowledge. The contribution of digital tools to decision-making skills is the same regardless of the field of activity he exercises during his career.
{"title":"Business Intelligence as a Challenge for the Managerial Function: Case Study on Managerial Decision Making in Algerian Companies","authors":"Zineb Soltana Seguer, Amina Messaïd Hasna","doi":"10.21272/bel.6(3).35-46.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/bel.6(3).35-46.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the literature review, the subject of changes in organizations and business professions as a result of digital advances and digital is quite frequent. These changes concern all sectors of activity and professions without exception. Thus, under the influence of digitalization, individual campaigns have transformed, changed, or disappeared altogether. The same applies to individual professions related to digitalization. The aim of the article is to investigate the main problems and determine the ability of the managerial profession to face the challenges and threats that arise in the conditions of digitization of organizations and the use of business analytics tools. Among the many functions of the manager’s profession, the article examined the role of strategic decision-making as one of the most complex and difficult to digitize. The object of the study is the skills of strategic decision-makers in organizations from different sectors of the economy (pharmaceutical industry, agri-food industry, career industry, construction and real estate, metallurgy and metal materials, multinational, business administration, communication & Marketing, e-business, auditing & accounting, banking). New decision-making skills were identified and described based on the study of the skills of fifteen different managers and eight consultants and analysts. All managers should gradually acquire these skills to complete their basic training, gain knowledge and interpersonal communication skills, and understand the latest know-how which appears in the digital age. It will allow him to meet his company’s current and future needs and better retain and fulfill job duties. The results of this study show us that in addition to his professional development based on technology and digital, the manager develops based on his personal growth and professional knowledge. The contribution of digital tools to decision-making skills is the same regardless of the field of activity he exercises during his career.","PeriodicalId":410560,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128105964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.21272/bel.6(3).92-104.2022
Benneth C. Nwafor, E. Eguruze
Abstract This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of investigating the correlation between entrepreneurial intentions, supportive and enabling leadership and global poverty. Systematization of the literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of fighting global poverty indicates that the current approach is insufficient, inefficient, ineffective, and unsustainable. The purpose of this research is to investigate the linkages between entrepreneurial intentions, supportive and enabling leadership, and global poverty. It also examines how a lack of support, and the absence of an enabling environment can exacerbate global poverty. Methodological tools of the conducted analysis were the methods of longitudinal study that is based on analyses of previous empirical studies using a cross-case study analysis approach. The research is devoted to researching three key questions: What do young people and community organizations see as their main support needs in Nigeria to tackle poverty? 2) How can policy makers be influenced using social marketing techniques (SMT)? 3) The Leadership of Enterprise Education on Poverty Alleviation and Unemployment in Africa. The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis, which showed the impossibility of achieving constructive progress in Nigerian entrepreneurial development/intensions, particularly amongst young people and community organizations unless there is consistency in government support packages to enable a leadership environment. According to the results of the study, a conclusion about the absence and insufficient provision of the processes of forming a favorable environment for these processes was made. The inconsistency between the leadership promotions of entrepreneurship education/activities without the necessary/commensurate or adequate support package that appears to be needed by young people and community organizations for the purpose entrepreneurship advancement has been proven. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves the insufficiency of entrepreneurial knowledge and education to achieve significant progress in entrepreneurship development. Based on the results of the analysis, it is concluded that the exchange rate has a positive impact, while the current uncertainty and unpredictability further exacerbate unemployment, poverty and economic development.
{"title":"Entrepreneurial Intention Without a Supportive and Enabling Leadership Environment Exacerbates Global Poverty: A Perspective from Young People and Community Organisations","authors":"Benneth C. Nwafor, E. Eguruze","doi":"10.21272/bel.6(3).92-104.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/bel.6(3).92-104.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of investigating the correlation between entrepreneurial intentions, supportive and enabling leadership and global poverty. Systematization of the literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of fighting global poverty indicates that the current approach is insufficient, inefficient, ineffective, and unsustainable. The purpose of this research is to investigate the linkages between entrepreneurial intentions, supportive and enabling leadership, and global poverty. It also examines how a lack of support, and the absence of an enabling environment can exacerbate global poverty. Methodological tools of the conducted analysis were the methods of longitudinal study that is based on analyses of previous empirical studies using a cross-case study analysis approach. The research is devoted to researching three key questions: What do young people and community organizations see as their main support needs in Nigeria to tackle poverty? 2) How can policy makers be influenced using social marketing techniques (SMT)? 3) The Leadership of Enterprise Education on Poverty Alleviation and Unemployment in Africa. The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis, which showed the impossibility of achieving constructive progress in Nigerian entrepreneurial development/intensions, particularly amongst young people and community organizations unless there is consistency in government support packages to enable a leadership environment. According to the results of the study, a conclusion about the absence and insufficient provision of the processes of forming a favorable environment for these processes was made. The inconsistency between the leadership promotions of entrepreneurship education/activities without the necessary/commensurate or adequate support package that appears to be needed by young people and community organizations for the purpose entrepreneurship advancement has been proven. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves the insufficiency of entrepreneurial knowledge and education to achieve significant progress in entrepreneurship development. Based on the results of the analysis, it is concluded that the exchange rate has a positive impact, while the current uncertainty and unpredictability further exacerbate unemployment, poverty and economic development.","PeriodicalId":410560,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","volume":"2 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116578988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.21272/bel.6(3).105-112.2022
Naira Hakobyan, Artak Dabaghyan, A. Khachatryan
Abstract This paper presents the general strategies of the post-war anomie’s overcoming in the fields of social interactions and business. The main purpose of the research is to study developmental features of the anomic behavior, and possible behavioral pathologies of people in business environment that can occur in post-war society. Investigation of this topic in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence: at the initial stage of the research, an analysis of the main stages of the phenomenon of anomie in human life was carried out. Based on the analysis results, it is substantiated that a number of socio-psychological problems arise when social interactions are changed, and business environment is developed rapidly. This tendency is more visible in a post-war society. The aim of the research is the systematization of methodological approaches for implementations the psychological aid and work in mental correction and rehabilitation among people with anomic behavior, to prevent the deepening of the negative symptoms endangering emotional state and possible behavioral pathologies do not become deeper and endanger the whole society. The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis, which showed that the person with anomic behavior or marginal person falls into the psychological shock, which is characterized by the following aspects such as tensions caused by efforts to achieve the necessary psychological adaptation, emotion of loss and depreciation (friends, status, property and profession), feeling of rejection, violation of roles, role expectations, values, self-identification of emotions, existence of an unexpected alarm, hatred, disgust as a result of the realization of cultural differences and, finally, feeling of non-completeness due to failure to adapt to the new business environment. Based on the results of the study of various societies during the post-war period, the article identified strategies for overcoming social anomie in the spheres of social interactions and business. The main strategy types include unification strategy, professional specific orientations, disintegration of vital activities, retreat strategy, adventurism, anti-sublimation (humiliation behavior) and innovative strategy. The identification of strategic priorities for overcoming anomie, which are of practical meaning for productive business sphere management, should serve as the perspective directions for further research.
{"title":"Strategies of Post-War Anomie’s Overcoming in the Fields of Social Interactions and Business","authors":"Naira Hakobyan, Artak Dabaghyan, A. Khachatryan","doi":"10.21272/bel.6(3).105-112.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/bel.6(3).105-112.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents the general strategies of the post-war anomie’s overcoming in the fields of social interactions and business. The main purpose of the research is to study developmental features of the anomic behavior, and possible behavioral pathologies of people in business environment that can occur in post-war society. Investigation of this topic in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence: at the initial stage of the research, an analysis of the main stages of the phenomenon of anomie in human life was carried out. Based on the analysis results, it is substantiated that a number of socio-psychological problems arise when social interactions are changed, and business environment is developed rapidly. This tendency is more visible in a post-war society. The aim of the research is the systematization of methodological approaches for implementations the psychological aid and work in mental correction and rehabilitation among people with anomic behavior, to prevent the deepening of the negative symptoms endangering emotional state and possible behavioral pathologies do not become deeper and endanger the whole society. The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis, which showed that the person with anomic behavior or marginal person falls into the psychological shock, which is characterized by the following aspects such as tensions caused by efforts to achieve the necessary psychological adaptation, emotion of loss and depreciation (friends, status, property and profession), feeling of rejection, violation of roles, role expectations, values, self-identification of emotions, existence of an unexpected alarm, hatred, disgust as a result of the realization of cultural differences and, finally, feeling of non-completeness due to failure to adapt to the new business environment. Based on the results of the study of various societies during the post-war period, the article identified strategies for overcoming social anomie in the spheres of social interactions and business. The main strategy types include unification strategy, professional specific orientations, disintegration of vital activities, retreat strategy, adventurism, anti-sublimation (humiliation behavior) and innovative strategy. The identification of strategic priorities for overcoming anomie, which are of practical meaning for productive business sphere management, should serve as the perspective directions for further research.","PeriodicalId":410560,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","volume":"52 21","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120825102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.21272/BEL.3(2).6-17.2019
G. Tovmasyan, D. Minasyan
This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of gender inequality. The main purpose of the research is to find out gender discrimination issues that occur in workplaces in Armenia and suggest some steps for regulating them. Systematization of literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of gender inequality indicates that there are really problems concerning the selection, pay, promotion, evaluation, and other processes in workplaces depending on the gender of an employee. The relevance of the decision of this scientific problem is that female workers face discrimination more than male. Investigation of the topic proves that even in leadership positions men are promoted more than women. Analysis in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence: the statistical data available are analyzed, and then a survey is done, which reveals some issues of gender inequality in Armenia. Methodological tools of the research methods were analysis and synthesis of the available data, survey, and statistical methods: cross-tabulation with Pearson Chi-square testing, which proves that there are significant relationships between some factors. The object of the research is the gender inequality issues in Armenia. The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis, which shows that in Armenia women face discrimination in family and workplace, have less opportunities of career promotion, face issues connected with work restrictions, bad attitude, dress code, etc. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the main steps for regulating the issues must be: raising the level of awareness of the people about the subject, making gender equality a component of the educational system, improving public policy, taking more coordinated efforts by non-governmental organizations, etc. The results of the research can be useful for state bodies, labor market, organizations, educational institutions, NGO's, researchers, etc.
{"title":"Gender Inequality Issues in the Workplace: Case Study of Armenia","authors":"G. Tovmasyan, D. Minasyan","doi":"10.21272/BEL.3(2).6-17.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/BEL.3(2).6-17.2019","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of gender inequality. The main purpose of the research is to find out gender discrimination issues that occur in workplaces in Armenia and suggest some steps for regulating them. Systematization of literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of gender inequality indicates that there are really problems concerning the selection, pay, promotion, evaluation, and other processes in workplaces depending on the gender of an employee. The relevance of the decision of this scientific problem is that female workers face discrimination more than male. Investigation of the topic proves that even in leadership positions men are promoted more than women. Analysis in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence: the statistical data available are analyzed, and then a survey is done, which reveals some issues of gender inequality in Armenia. Methodological tools of the research methods were analysis and synthesis of the available data, survey, and statistical methods: cross-tabulation with Pearson Chi-square testing, which proves that there are significant relationships between some factors. The object of the research is the gender inequality issues in Armenia. The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis, which shows that in Armenia women face discrimination in family and workplace, have less opportunities of career promotion, face issues connected with work restrictions, bad attitude, dress code, etc. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the main steps for regulating the issues must be: raising the level of awareness of the people about the subject, making gender equality a component of the educational system, improving public policy, taking more coordinated efforts by non-governmental organizations, etc. The results of the research can be useful for state bodies, labor market, organizations, educational institutions, NGO's, researchers, etc.","PeriodicalId":410560,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132188477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.21272/BEL.3(2).18-28.2019
Elena Stavrova
We are witnessing the pressure from public interest groups that take important business decisions. There are various discussions about what activities should be seen as lobbying and which do not meet the criteria for lobbying. This dilemma can be considered from a theoretical and practical point of view. The broad public does not look positively and perceives lobbying as an illegal and selfish activity very often strongly connected with or bordering on corruption. The experts have provided numerous definitions of lobbying as a transparent and legitimate way of representing the interests of minority groups. The interest groups are trying to influence the decision-making process for their private benefit and therefore intervene in the legislative process in order to realize the asymmetric personal benefit. But the interests of society may be on the opposite side. These two principles may conflict in certain cases. The subject of our analysis is the behavior of groups or organizations that we can assume that they should serve the public interest. The theory of personal interest focuses on the individual's analysis as a promoter of his own goals, wishing to maximize his personal benefit. The boundary between the fulfillment of public or individual interest is the point of contradiction, particularly with regard to lobbying benefits or damage to society and the ethics of lobbying. This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the ethics of lobbying as a beginning of researches of this problem in Bulgarian society. The main purpose of the research is to analyze the lobbying ‘phenomenon and lobbying case studies in Bulgarian practice. The systematization of literary sources and the approaches to solving the problem of lobbying ethics shows that the practice of lobbying in Bulgaria does not differ significantly from the world experience. In Bulgaria, as well as in countries with developed market relations, the business systematically attempts to influence directly on the process of business rules ‘creating, thus distorting asymmetrically economic interests and motives in their favor. Very often, these interests are detrimental to the other participants in the economic system. The importance of the solution to this scientific problem is the adoption of European rules of lobbying ethics by building an adequate legal basis, including a law on lobbying. The need for such a law is tangible due to the need to regulate relations between Bulgarian and foreign investors and their ability to influence the decision-making. The study of the ethics of lobbyism in the article is done in the following logical sequence: first, the introduction analyzes the tasks and describes the methods to be used, secondly clarifying the semantics of the term, third a review of the literature, examples of the Bulgarian business practice where the business has managed to force the legislative bodies to make decisions exclusively for its be
{"title":"The Lobbying in Post-communist Time: Bulgarian Case","authors":"Elena Stavrova","doi":"10.21272/BEL.3(2).18-28.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/BEL.3(2).18-28.2019","url":null,"abstract":"We are witnessing the pressure from public interest groups that take important business decisions. There are various discussions about what activities should be seen as lobbying and which do not meet the criteria for lobbying. This dilemma can be considered from a theoretical and practical point of view. The broad public does not look positively and perceives lobbying as an illegal and selfish activity very often strongly connected with or bordering on corruption. The experts have provided numerous definitions of lobbying as a transparent and legitimate way of representing the interests of minority groups. The interest groups are trying to influence the decision-making process for their private benefit and therefore intervene in the legislative process in order to realize the asymmetric personal benefit. But the interests of society may be on the opposite side. These two principles may conflict in certain cases. The subject of our analysis is the behavior of groups or organizations that we can assume that they should serve the public interest. The theory of personal interest focuses on the individual's analysis as a promoter of his own goals, wishing to maximize his personal benefit. The boundary between the fulfillment of public or individual interest is the point of contradiction, particularly with regard to lobbying benefits or damage to society and the ethics of lobbying. This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the ethics of lobbying as a beginning of researches of this problem in Bulgarian society. The main purpose of the research is to analyze the lobbying ‘phenomenon and lobbying case studies in Bulgarian practice. The systematization of literary sources and the approaches to solving the problem of lobbying ethics shows that the practice of lobbying in Bulgaria does not differ significantly from the world experience. In Bulgaria, as well as in countries with developed market relations, the business systematically attempts to influence directly on the process of business rules ‘creating, thus distorting asymmetrically economic interests and motives in their favor. Very often, these interests are detrimental to the other participants in the economic system. The importance of the solution to this scientific problem is the adoption of European rules of lobbying ethics by building an adequate legal basis, including a law on lobbying. The need for such a law is tangible due to the need to regulate relations between Bulgarian and foreign investors and their ability to influence the decision-making. The study of the ethics of lobbyism in the article is done in the following logical sequence: first, the introduction analyzes the tasks and describes the methods to be used, secondly clarifying the semantics of the term, third a review of the literature, examples of the Bulgarian business practice where the business has managed to force the legislative bodies to make decisions exclusively for its be","PeriodicalId":410560,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125171254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.21272/BEL.3(2).53-62.2019
E. Jafarzadeh
In the 20th century, discrimination in the progress rate of people’s living standard in different regions of the world remains. The ratio of poverty has been dropped significantly in developing countries during the last two decades, but the improvement has been nevertheless unequal (the annual statistics of the World Bank reports). Since 1981 to 2001, a fall from 1.5 billion to 1.1 billion of a number of people living under poverty has been recorded. Yet many developing and less developed economies are caught in circumstances leading to neverending poverty. For instance, Sub-Saharan Africa has witnessed an increase in poverty with numbers growing from 41 percent to 46 percent in the same time span (1981-2001). At the same time as in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, poverty rose about 20 percent in 2001. For that reason, poverty reduction spread at a large scale is the most demanding target for developing countries with low-income. After reviewing the related literature, it has been witnessed that the available empirical evidence so far does not specify an obvious increase in the worldwide economic inequality. There is a slight uncertainty in the belief that in terms of income per capita the gap among the richest and poorest economies has been amplified. However, this does not essentially mean worsening of income distribution between countries or the world's population. Actually, there is no concurrence among economists so far that income distribution is deteriorated in a large number of economies in the recent past. Therefore, no simple outcome can be derived regarding income distribution trends in general from observing different countries situations. There are a small number of empirical studies that tried to build compound indicators for economic inequality at the global level. However, this does not construct definite evidence of increasing inequality. To sum up, the available empirical literature on trends in the global economic inequality is still insufficient and inconclusive. This research study considers the role of income inequality, trade openness and GDP per capita in enhancing economic growth of Iran. The dissertation studies the changes in the global economic inequality and its relationship with Iran’s economic growth.
{"title":"The Impact of Income Inequality on the Economic Growth of Iran: An Empirical Analysis","authors":"E. Jafarzadeh","doi":"10.21272/BEL.3(2).53-62.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/BEL.3(2).53-62.2019","url":null,"abstract":"In the 20th century, discrimination in the progress rate of people’s living standard in different regions of the world remains. The ratio of poverty has been dropped significantly in developing countries during the last two decades, but the improvement has been nevertheless unequal (the annual statistics of the World Bank reports). Since 1981 to 2001, a fall from 1.5 billion to 1.1 billion of a number of people living under poverty has been recorded. Yet many developing and less developed economies are caught in circumstances leading to neverending poverty. For instance, Sub-Saharan Africa has witnessed an increase in poverty with numbers growing from 41 percent to 46 percent in the same time span (1981-2001). At the same time as in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, poverty rose about 20 percent in 2001. For that reason, poverty reduction spread at a large scale is the most demanding target for developing countries with low-income. After reviewing the related literature, it has been witnessed that the available empirical evidence so far does not specify an obvious increase in the worldwide economic inequality. There is a slight uncertainty in the belief that in terms of income per capita the gap among the richest and poorest economies has been amplified. However, this does not essentially mean worsening of income distribution between countries or the world's population. Actually, there is no concurrence among economists so far that income distribution is deteriorated in a large number of economies in the recent past. Therefore, no simple outcome can be derived regarding income distribution trends in general from observing different countries situations. There are a small number of empirical studies that tried to build compound indicators for economic inequality at the global level. However, this does not construct definite evidence of increasing inequality. To sum up, the available empirical literature on trends in the global economic inequality is still insufficient and inconclusive. This research study considers the role of income inequality, trade openness and GDP per capita in enhancing economic growth of Iran. The dissertation studies the changes in the global economic inequality and its relationship with Iran’s economic growth.","PeriodicalId":410560,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124858604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.21272/BEL.3(2).29-38.2019
S. Aguilar, B. George
This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of emotional intelligence (EI) in the military leadership. Extant literature indicates the possibility that emotional intelligence improves leadership capabilities and ethical conduct of military leaders. However, military leadership has historically been averse to leveraging EI, primarily due to concerns about a potential weakening in task orientation that it would cause. The neglect to nurture EI results in adaptability issues when military leaders try to engage in social relationships in their roles as members of the civil society. It is possible that tapping into EI can help our Veterans gain resiliency against posttraumatic stress, relationship dysfunction, sexual issues, attachment disorders, among other issues. Helping veterans re-integrate into civilian life should be a priority and is an ethical necessity. Investigation in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence: identification of the scope of study, based on the generic literature on leadership and EI; defining specific issues and associated problem statements, primarily based on surveying gaps in the literature on military leadership; proposition of solutions, based on theories and models in the literature. The views presented here gains additional currency, given the fact that the presence of armed forces in non-combat peacekeeping missions globally suddenly has recently increased. Also, while this research highlights problems specific to the US military forces, we believe its findings have global applicability.
{"title":"A Review of the Linkages between Emotional Intelligence and Leadership in the Military Forces","authors":"S. Aguilar, B. George","doi":"10.21272/BEL.3(2).29-38.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/BEL.3(2).29-38.2019","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of emotional intelligence (EI) in the military leadership. Extant literature indicates the possibility that emotional intelligence improves leadership capabilities and ethical conduct of military leaders. However, military leadership has historically been averse to leveraging EI, primarily due to concerns about a potential weakening in task orientation that it would cause. The neglect to nurture EI results in adaptability issues when military leaders try to engage in social relationships in their roles as members of the civil society. It is possible that tapping into EI can help our Veterans gain resiliency against posttraumatic stress, relationship dysfunction, sexual issues, attachment disorders, among other issues. Helping veterans re-integrate into civilian life should be a priority and is an ethical necessity. Investigation in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence: identification of the scope of study, based on the generic literature on leadership and EI; defining specific issues and associated problem statements, primarily based on surveying gaps in the literature on military leadership; proposition of solutions, based on theories and models in the literature. The views presented here gains additional currency, given the fact that the presence of armed forces in non-combat peacekeeping missions globally suddenly has recently increased. Also, while this research highlights problems specific to the US military forces, we believe its findings have global applicability.","PeriodicalId":410560,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126852159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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