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ZAKONITOST ŠTRAJKA – QUI, QUID, QUANDO ET QUOMODO? ZAKONITOSTŠTRAJKA—乌,英镑,当QUOMODO呢?
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.25234/PV/6160
Andrijana Bilić, Trpimir Perkušić
An accelerated movement of capital and services in the context of globalisation has been noted outside of the national borders of EU member states. Therefore, both transnational transactions and dispatched workers issues have become daily commonplace. Given that employers wish to take advantage of what the individual internal market has to offer and thus decrease the price of work, these workers find themselves in an unenviable position. In order to protect their economic and social welfare interests, it is necessary to establish a productive transnational social welfare dialogue. Due to various levels of economic development and social welfare protection, collective bargaining of social partners and initiating strike as the most effective industrial relations on the part of the world of work, might fail. However, collective actions are still linked to the national system of industrial relations marked by their specific characteristics. Nevertheless, when it comes to the regulation of industrial actions, it should be emphasised that a whole series of legal loopholes and/or poor solutions exist within these systems, in particular related to the right to strike. The situation is even more complicated by the existence of international and regional legal sources governing this subject and binding the respective countries, particularly when national legislation provisions are not harmonised. Thus, it is easy to conclude that the current situation makes it more difficult, for not only strike organisation and implementation, but also for differentiating a legal from an illegal strike at transnational and national level. The paper applies the comparative method for bringing out numerous criticisms de lege lata while offering solutions de lege ferenda.
在全球化背景下,资本和服务在欧盟成员国国界之外的加速流动已被注意到。因此,跨国交易和劳务派遣问题已经成为日常的家常便饭。鉴于雇主希望利用个人内部市场所提供的东西,从而降低工作价格,这些工人发现自己处于一个不令人羡慕的位置。为了保护他们的经济和社会福利利益,有必要建立富有成效的跨国社会福利对话。由于经济发展水平和社会福利保护水平的不同,作为劳动世界最有效的劳资关系,社会伙伴的集体谈判和发起罢工可能会失败。然而,集体行动仍然与以其具体特点为标志的国家劳资关系制度相联系。然而,当涉及到对工业行动的监管时,应该强调的是,这些制度中存在一系列法律漏洞和/或糟糕的解决方案,特别是与罢工权有关的问题。由于存在有关这一问题的国际和区域法律渊源,并对各国具有约束力,特别是在国家立法规定不协调的情况下,情况更加复杂。因此,很容易得出结论,目前的情况使罢工变得更加困难,不仅因为罢工的组织和实施,而且还因为在跨国和国家层面区分合法罢工和非法罢工。本文运用比较的方法,提出了许多法律上的批评,同时提出了法律上的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
NAČELO ZAŠTITE LEGITIMNIH OČEKIVANJA U UPRAVNOM PRAVU EUROPSKE UNIJE I PRAVNA AUTONOMIJA DRŽAVA ČLANICA 你们已经开始保护对欧洲联盟权利和成员国权利自治的合理期望。
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.25234/PV/7522
Tomislav Sokol
Protection of legitimate expectations is a general principle of European Union law that has been developed through the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. There are several unresolved issues that have been pointed out by the analysis of the said case-law. These are inter alia: When is the European Union legislator bound by legitimate expectations generated by a preceding piece of (changed) legislation, when does the preceding administrative practice generate legitimate expectations; the issue of the lack of legitimacy in case of speculative activities, the issue of differentiation between unlawful decisions and unlawful representations in generating legitimate expectations. Other issues concern the relation between the European Union law and the Member States’ legal autonomy concerning the possibilities for unlawful administrative acts to generate legitimate expectations and the expiration of the time-period prescribed by national law for revocation of unlawful administrative decisions beneficial for a party concerned. In the latter case, a Member State may not plead national administrative rules in order to justify its failure to comply with the principle of effectiveness of European Union law. The aim of this paper is to analyse these issues and determine whether the regulatory framework of the European Union can be improved in order to avoid potential problems in practice. The analysis is based on the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and legal acts of the European Union along with Croatian and foreign literature on administrative, constitutional and European law. These issues illustrate the deficiencies of the current legal framework of the European Union with a number of applicable legal sources and ate the same time they emphasise the need for a codification of administrative procedure on the Union level. There have been several initiatives in this respect but with no real effect, even though there is a legal basis for such an endeavour prescribed by the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. Such a codification should prohibit unlawful administrative acts from generating legitimate expectations. This would also resolve the issue of different treatment of national administrative decisions that may not generate legitimate expectations. Furthermore, unclear and arbitrary interpretations should be avoided, as in the case of speculative activities the existence of which is not easy to determine. Finally, application of different criteria in different areas of law should be avoided if there is no basis therefor in the Treaties.
保护合法期望是欧洲联盟法律的一般原则,是通过欧洲联盟法院的判例法发展起来的。通过对上述判例法的分析,指出了若干尚未解决的问题。除其他外,这些问题包括:欧盟立法者何时受到先前(修改的)立法所产生的合法期望的约束,先前的行政实践何时产生合法期望;在投机活动中缺乏合法性的问题,在产生合法期望方面区分非法决定和非法陈述的问题。其他问题涉及欧洲联盟法与成员国关于非法行政行为产生合法期望的可能性的法律自主权之间的关系,以及国内法规定的撤销对有关一方有利的非法行政决定的期限的届满。在后一种情况下,成员国不得以国家行政规则作为其不遵守欧洲联盟法律效力原则的理由。本文的目的是分析这些问题,并确定欧盟的监管框架是否可以改进,以避免在实践中潜在的问题。分析是根据欧洲联盟法院的判例法和欧洲联盟的法律行为,以及克罗地亚和外国关于行政、宪法和欧洲法的文献。这些问题从若干适用的法律来源说明了欧洲联盟目前法律框架的不足,同时强调需要在联盟一级编纂行政程序。在这方面已经采取了一些主动行动,但没有取得实际效果,尽管《欧洲联盟运作条约》规定了这种努力的法律基础。这种法典化应当禁止非法行政行为产生合法的期望。这也将解决不同对待国家行政决定的问题,这些决定可能不会产生合理的期望。此外,应避免不明确和武断的解释,就像不容易确定是否存在的投机活动一样。最后,如果条约中没有依据,应避免在不同的法律领域适用不同的标准。
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引用次数: 0
SAMUEL BOWLES, THE MORAL ECONOMY: WHY GOOD INCENTIVES ARE NO SUBSTITUTE FOR GOOD CITIZENS, YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2016 – PRIKAZ KNJIGE 塞缪尔·鲍尔斯,《道德经济:为什么良好的激励不能替代良好的公民》,耶鲁大学出版社,2016年
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.25234/PV/7811
Toni Pranić
Samuel Bowles The moral economy: why good incentives are no substitute for good citizens Yale University Press, 2016 ISBN 978-0300163803
塞缪尔·鲍尔斯《道德经济:为什么良好的激励不能替代良好的公民》耶鲁大学出版社,2016年ISBN 978-0300163803
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引用次数: 0
ANALOGIJA U PRAVU: ZNAČENJE I UPOTREBA 权利类比:商人与使用
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.25234/PV/7365
Žaklina Harašić
Zakljucivanje na temelju analogije javlja se u svakodnevnom životu i raznim podrucjima ljudskog djelovanja, pa tako i u pravu. Zakljucivanje na temelju analogije u pravu, na prvi pogled, može se svesti na istu formu kao i zakljucivanje na temelju analogije uopce – dvije premise i zakljucak. No, ono se ipak razlikuje od opceg analogijskog zakljucivanja, jer jedna premisa u pravnom zakljucivanju mora biti normativna (a ne samo fakticna). Analogijsko zakljucivanje (uopce i u pravu) izucava se od strane velikog broja autora i s raznih pristupa. Suglasnost postoji samo u pogledu elementarnog oblika analogijskog zakljucivanja za koji možemo reci da se zasniva na slicnosti dvaju predmeta (dviju pojava) u nekim osobinama, pa se onda na temelju te slicnosti zakljucuje da su ti predmeti (pojave), slicni i u nekim drugim osobinama. Sto se tice analogije u pravu, isticemo posebno njezina cetiri oblika: zakonska analogija (analogia legis), pravna analogija (analogia iuris), analogia inter legem te analogija koja se koristi u precedentnom pravu. Njima se, osim sto se pravne norme tumace, i popunjavaju pravne praznine (s time da popunjavanja pravnih praznina nema u kaznenom pravu). Posebno interesantno i sporno jest kada se to radi na temelju pravnih nacela.
基于类比的结论在日常生活和人类活动的不同领域都有报道,等等。首先,基于正确类比的结论可以与基于类比的结论的形式相同——两个前提和结论。然而,这与一般的类比结论不同,因为法律结论中的一个前提必须是正常的(不仅仅是事实上的)。许多作者通过各种方法研究了类似的结论(甚至是正确的)。在类比结论的基本形式上,只有一种共识可以说是基于两个对象(两种外观)在某些特征上的相似性,因此基于这种相似性,这些对象(外观)与其他一些特征相似。就权利类比而言,特别是它的四种形式:法律类比(legis类比)、法律类比(iuris类比)、法与法之间的类比以及以前法律中使用的类比。他们接受法律解释,并填补法律空缺(没有刑事执法)。尤其有趣和缓慢的是当涉及到法律原则时。
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引用次数: 2
KUPOPRODAJA UZ PRIDRŽAJ BOLJEG KUPCA (IN DIEM ADDICTIO) U RIMSKOJ PRAVNOJ TRADICIJI 在罗马合法贸易中购买更好的商品
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.25234/PV/6898
Tomislav Karlović, Ivona Rapić
The paper analyses in diem addictio, a provision for calling-off a sale in case that the seller will not receive and accept a better offer within a given time in Roman law. It is elaborated on a number of issues pertinent to in diem addictio, especially to the issue what constitutes a “better offer” and what obligations arise for the parties when the better offer is given. The second part of the paper discusses the possibility of including this provision in contemporary law of sales, specifically in selected legal systems – French, Austrian, German and Croatian law. It is concluded that, in addition to specific regulation of this provision in Austrian ABGB, other legal systems as well provide suitable and sufficient basis for the addition of this provision to the contract of sale, both in the form of suspensive and resolutive condition.
本文分析了罗马法律中关于在给定时间内卖方无法收到并接受更好报价的情况下取消销售的条款。它详细阐述了与死亡附加条款有关的一些问题,特别是关于什么构成“更好的要约”以及当事方在给出更好的要约时承担什么义务的问题。论文的第二部分讨论了将这一条款纳入当代销售法的可能性,特别是在选定的法律体系中——法国、奥地利、德国和克罗地亚法律中。结论是,除了奥地利ABGB对该条款的具体规定外,其他法律制度也为在销售合同中以中止和解决条件的形式添加该条款提供了适当和充分的依据。
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引用次数: 0
PRIKAZ TRENING SEMINARA ZA EUROPSKE DOKUMENTACIJSKE CENTRE, BRUXELLES, 22. – 23. STUDENOGA 2018. 为布鲁塞尔欧洲文献中心介绍TRENING神学院,22-23.学生2018。
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.25234/PV/7829
Ivana Kežić Pucketić, Ljiljana Siber
Training seminar for European Documentation Centres Brussels, 22-23 November 2018 Seminar review
欧洲文献中心培训研讨会,布鲁塞尔,2018年11月22-23日研讨会回顾
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引用次数: 0
THE EMERGENCE OF “TRUE AND FAIR VIEW” PRINCIPLE IN ACCOUNTING WITH SPECIAL REGARDS TO THE PROVISIONS OF THE HUNGARIAN ACCOUNTING ACT “真实和公平观点”原则在会计中的出现,特别是关于匈牙利会计法的规定
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.25234/PV/5997
Zoltán Zéman
Accounting is playing an important role in ensuring the optimal operation of business entities. The field itself has a long history within the jurisdiction of different countries, however, its international aspects became more dominant with the emergence of multinational corporations. The aim of the study is to give a brief overview of the proliferation of the “true and fair view” principle, which originated in the Anglo-American accounting rules. The study examines international, European and domestic development of accounting rules. Special mention is also made regarding the provisions of the Hungarian Accounting Act. It can be concluded that we can find a convergence in the development of accounting principles on a worldwide level, owing to the needs of the global economy and the international accounting standards.
会计在确保企业主体优化经营方面发挥着重要作用。该领域本身在不同国家的管辖范围内有着悠久的历史,然而,随着跨国公司的出现,其国际方面变得更加主导。本研究的目的是简要概述起源于英美会计准则的“真实和公允”原则的扩散。该研究考察了国际、欧洲和国内会计规则的发展。还特别提到了《匈牙利会计法》的规定。可以得出的结论是,由于全球经济和国际会计准则的需要,我们可以在全球范围内发现会计原则的发展趋同。
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引用次数: 1
HELLE KRUNKE, BJÖRG THORARENSEN (EDS.), THE NORDIC CONSTITUTIONS A COMPARATIVE AND CONTEXTUAL STUDY, HART PUBLISHING, 2018. – PRIKAZ KNJIGE Helle krunke, bjÖrg thorarensen(编),北欧宪法的比较与语境研究,hart出版社,2018。——普里卡兹·克吉吉
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.25234/pv/7830
Davor Trlin
Helle Krunke, Bjorg Thorarensen (eds.) The nordic constitutions: A comparative and contextual study Hart Publishing, 2018 ISBN 9781509910939
Helle Krunke,Bjorg Thorransen(编辑)《北欧宪法:比较与语境研究》哈特出版社,2018年ISBN 9781509910939
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引用次数: 0
THE EVOLUTION OF ELECTRONIC ADMINISTRATION AND ITS PRACTICE IN JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS 电子行政的演变及其在司法诉讼中的实践
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.25234/PV/6944
Pál Emil Mészáros
The aim of the paper is to examine the provisions on electronic administration of the new Hungarian Code on Civil Procedure while also exploring some other related issues. Electronic communication in administrative and judicial matters was fostered by the European Union in order to develop e-government in member states. The first part of the study explores the EU’s policy on e-government which served as a framework for the member states to implement. The second part aims at giving an overview of the e-government initiatives in Hungary. It can be seen that there were several initiatives for advancing the development of e-government in the past, however they only came into fruition recently when the new code on civil procedure and the new act on administrative procedure were adopted. The last two parts of the paper give an overview of the aforementioned acts. It can be concluded that the legal profession is not quite ready for these changes.
本文件的目的是审查新的《匈牙利民事诉讼法》关于电子管理的规定,同时探讨其他一些相关问题。欧洲联盟促进了行政和司法事项的电子通信,以便在成员国发展电子政务。研究的第一部分探讨了欧盟的电子政务政策,该政策是成员国实施的框架。第二部分旨在概述匈牙利的电子政务举措。可以看出,过去曾有几项推动电子政务发展的举措,但直到最近通过了新的《民事诉讼法》和新的《行政诉讼法》,这些举措才得以实现。论文的最后两部分概述了上述行为。可以得出的结论是,法律界还没有做好应对这些变化的准备。
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引用次数: 1
FORMIRANJE VLADE U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ U KOMPARATIVNOJ PERSPEKTIVI – JEDAN PRIJEDLOG USTAVNE PROMJENE
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.25234/PV/7618
Robert Podolnjak
Rad se bavi otvorenim ustavnopravnim pitanjima, koja su uvjetovala razlicita tumacenja i sporove u strucnoj javnosti u postupku konstituiranja Hrvatskog sabora i formiranja vlade u Republici Hrvatskoj, narocito u svjetlu iskustva nakon parlamentarnih izbora održanih u studenom 2015. godine. Na temelju komparativnih iskustava s ustavnopravnim uređenjem postupka formiranja vlade u pojedinim europskim državama predlažu se određene promjene Ustava Republike Hrvatske. U tom smislu trebalo bi propisati rok u kojem se Sabor mora konstituirati, od održanih parlamentarnih izbora, kao i rokove u kojima ce se provoditi razliciti postupci davanja mandata za sastav vlade (ili glasanja o vladi, odnosno predsjedniku vlade). Nadalje, postupak formiranja vlade treba uciniti sto je moguce izvjesnijim, tj. da se, za razliku od sadasnjeg rjesenja, omoguci i formiranje manjinske vlade. Svakako bi trebalo tražiti ustavno rjesenje prema kojem bi povjerenje obicne vecine zastupnika bilo dovoljno, u krajnjem slucaju, za formiranje vlade, kako ponavljanje parlamentarnih izbora ne bi bila jedina mogucnost rjesavanja krize formiranja vlade. Također, u postupku formiranja vlade treba osnažiti ulogu Hrvatskog sabora, a smanjiti ulogu sefa države. To se može postici na nacin da se omoguci i određenom broju zastupnika da može predložiti kandidate za predsjednika vlade. Predlaže se i brisanje ustavne odredbe iz clanka 112. Ustava Republike Hrvatske da predsjednik Republike ima ovlast imenovati privremenu nestranacku vladu u slucaju da nijednoj osobi nije dodijelio mandat za sastav vlade, odnosno nijedan kandidat nije dobio povjerenje ustavom propisane vecine zastupnika. Predsjedniku Republike ostala bi, pritom, ovlast raspisivanja prijevremenih izbora u slucaju da se Sabor ne konstituira, odnosno da se ne formira vlada. U radu se iznosi i prijedlog moguceg uvođenja instituta konstruktivnog nepovjerenja predsjedniku vlade.
这项工作涉及公开的宪法问题,概述了在克罗地亚共和国建立克罗地亚议会和组建政府的过程中,特别是根据2015年11月议会选举后的经验,在解释方面的差异和专业知识方面的争议。年根据某些欧洲国家建立政府程序的比较经验,克罗地亚共和国宪法提出了一些修改建议。在这方面,应规定从举行的议会选举开始设立Sabor的最后期限,以及设立政府授权(或政府投票或政府主席)的各种程序的最后期限。此外,政府的组建过程应该尽可能多,即与目前的解决方案不同,少数党政府的可能性和组建。最终,我们应该要求一个宪法解决方案,该方案将足以信任绝大多数立法者,最终组建政府,这样重复议会选举就不会是解决政府危机的唯一选择。此外,在政府的组建过程中,克罗地亚安息日的作用应该得到加强,国家领导人的作用应该减少。这可以通过允许一些立法者提出政府总统候选人的方式来实现。提议并删除《宪法条例》第112条。克罗地亚共和国宪法授权共和国总统任命一个临时外国政府,以防没有人授予政府授权,或者没有候选人被委托制定立法多数的宪法。然而,如果Sabor不是由政府组成或组建的,共和国总统仍有权讨论初步选举。这项工作还向政府主席提出了一个可能的建设性怀疑制度。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Pravni Vjesnik
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