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Freelance in Four Countries of the Western Balkans 西巴尔干四国自由撰稿人
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.2201.03
B. Đukanović, D. Markovic, Nataša Krivokapić, Silva Banović
In this paper, the authors analyze the advantages and limitations of freelancing in four countries of Western Balkan. This work is based on the research with a total sample of 1031 respondents; 408 respondents from Serbia, 201 from Montenegro, 221 from North Macedonia, and 201 from Bosnia and Herzegovina. For the needs of the research, a special questionnaire was constructed and conducted by an electronic survey. The first goal of the research is to describe the functioning of freelancers in four countries, and the second is to describe the similarities and differences between countries of Western Balkan. In general, freelancers in all four countries have positive attitudes towards freelancing, although there are differences between them. Freelancers are especially satisfied with their income, and in Bosnia and Herzegovina with flexible working hours. No statistically significant differences were found among freelancers from four countries of Western Balkan in the structure of jobs they have worked in the last two years, nor in the assessment of the positive effects of new technologies on new forms of employment. They do not differ either in understanding that the work in the "Gig Economy" had less negative than positive effects on their private lives and in the fact that there are no differences in the assessment of the positive effects of freelance on the quality of life. They are no differences in terms of the proposed measures to improve the position of workers in the "Gig Economy". Unfortunately, there are also no differences in basic social rights (lack of health, disability, and pension insurance). The most significant differences have been noted between freelancers from Montenegro and freelancers from the other three countries. Freelancers from Montenegro see less positive contributions working in the "Gig Economy" than others, and they significantly more often believe that the "Gig Economy" can’t reduce unemployment and prevent brain drain abroad. The authors explain the negative attitudes of freelancers from Montenegro towards their work in the "Gig Economy" with the lower prevalence of freelancers, poorer job structure, and lower income with an unfavorable socioeconomic status.
本文分析了西巴尔干四国自由职业的优势和局限性。这项工作是基于对1031名受访者的调查;408名受访者来自塞尔维亚,201名来自黑山,221名来自北马其顿,201名来自波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那。根据研究的需要,设计了一份专门的问卷,并采用电子调查的方式进行了问卷调查。研究的第一个目标是描述四个国家的自由职业者的功能,第二个目标是描述西巴尔干国家之间的异同。总的来说,四个国家的自由职业者都对自由职业持积极态度,尽管他们之间存在差异。自由职业者对自己的收入尤其满意,在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那,工作时间灵活。西巴尔干四个国家的自由职业者在过去两年中所从事的工作结构方面,以及在评估新技术对新形式就业的积极影响方面,没有发现统计上的显著差异。他们在理解“零工经济”中的工作对他们私人生活的负面影响小于积极影响方面没有差异,而且在评估自由职业对生活质量的积极影响方面没有差异。他们在改善“零工经济”中工人地位的拟议措施方面没有分歧。不幸的是,在基本社会权利(缺乏健康、残疾和养老保险)方面也没有差别。黑山的自由职业者和其他三个国家的自由职业者之间的差异最为显著。来自黑山的自由职业者认为,在“零工经济”中工作的积极贡献比其他人要少,而且他们明显更多地认为,“零工经济”不能减少失业率,也不能防止人才外流到国外。作者解释了黑山自由职业者对他们在“零工经济”中工作的消极态度,自由职业者的患病率较低,工作结构较差,收入较低,社会经济地位不利。
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引用次数: 1
Economic and Social Advantages and Limitations of Working from Home in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and North Macedonia 在家工作在塞尔维亚、黑山、波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那以及北马其顿的经济和社会优势和局限性
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.2201.02
B. Đukanović, Mirjana Radović-Marković, Nebojša Macanović, A. Maksimović
The authors of this study analyzed the economic and social advantages and limitations of working from (at) home in four countries of the Western Balkans - Serbia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research was carried out by applying an electronic survey on appropriate samples of 408 respondents from Serbia, 201 from Montenegro, 221 from North Macedonia and 201 from Bosnia and Herzegovina. For the research, a questionnaire consisting of 14 questions with answers in nominal form was created. The questions referred to several economic and social advantages and limitations of working from (at) home, starting with whether the respondents would recommend working from (at) home, the advantages of this work, the guidelines about establishing this type of business, whether to involve family members, what are the basic rules for a successful business from (at) home and performance evaluation, office organization, appearance and dress code, whether to engage in full-time or part-time work, the level of confidence of the owner in the business and earnings from year to year, the strategies used for this purpose, the most common problems and strategies for overcoming them, as well as practical advice to future entrepreneurs. In general, respondents from all four countries showed significantly more positive than negative attitudes toward working at (from) home, although there are noticeable and significant differences between countries. The main motives for working from home are flexible working hours and good earnings for all respondents. The respondents emphasized the importance of a well-designed business plan, but most have stereotypical strategies regarding the increase in performance. Also, they denied the importance of ergonomic rules for success, and in case of failure, they expect support and help from relatives and friends. There is a significant dose of ambivalence in business planning, making decisions about permanent or additional activities, and providing advice to others among the respondents. The main reasons should be sought in decreased and low-accumulative jobs (trade, providing of intellectual services, etc.) due to very limited initial investments. Respondents from Montenegro have the most psychosocial problems when working from (at) home and struggle with reconciling professional and family obligations with the least support from family and relatives. Respondents from North Macedonia are somewhat similar to them, although they are better positioned towards their families. The most successful and satisfied are the respondents from Bosnia and Herzegovina. This is the youngest population that is relatively mostly represented in the IT sector. Respondents from Serbia are most similar to respondents from Bosnia and Herzegovina in terms of satisfaction, as well as in closeness to family members, relatives, and friends.
本研究的作者分析了西巴尔干地区四个国家(塞尔维亚、黑山、北马其顿和波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那)在家工作的经济和社会优势和局限性。这项研究采用电子调查的方式,对来自塞尔维亚的408名受访者、来自黑山的201名受访者、来自北马其顿的221名受访者和来自波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的201名受访者进行了适当的抽样调查。在研究中,我们制作了一份由14个问题组成的问卷,这些问题的答案都是名义形式的。这些问题涉及在家工作的几个经济和社会优势和局限性,首先是受访者是否会推荐在家工作,这项工作的优势,建立这种类型的业务的指导方针,是否涉及家庭成员,成功在家工作的基本规则是什么以及绩效评估,办公室组织,外观和着装要求,是否从事全职或兼职工作,老板对企业的信心程度和每年的收益,为此目的使用的策略,最常见的问题和克服这些问题的策略,以及对未来企业家的实用建议。总的来说,来自四个国家的受访者对在家工作的积极态度明显多于消极态度,尽管各国之间存在显著的差异。对于所有受访者来说,在家工作的主要动机是灵活的工作时间和良好的收入。受访者强调了精心设计的商业计划的重要性,但大多数人在提高业绩方面的策略都是千篇一律的。此外,他们否认人体工学法则对成功的重要性,如果失败,他们希望得到亲戚和朋友的支持和帮助。在业务规划、决定永久性或额外的活动以及向其他人提供建议方面,受访者存在着相当大的矛盾心理。主要的原因应该是由于非常有限的初始投资,减少和低积累的工作(贸易,提供智力服务等)。来自黑山的受访者在(在家)工作时,心理社会问题最多,在家庭和亲戚的支持最少的情况下,努力调和职业和家庭义务。北马其顿的受访者与他们有些相似,尽管他们对家庭的定位更好。最成功和最满意的受访者来自波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那。这是最年轻的人口,在IT行业中相对占多数。来自塞尔维亚的受访者在满意度以及与家庭成员、亲戚和朋友的亲密程度方面与来自波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的受访者最为相似。
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引用次数: 2
The Incorporation of NID into Digital Libraries and Its Benefits NID在数字图书馆中的应用及其效益
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.2201.10
Sonja Eisenberger
This paper addresses the topic of the ongoing digitization of previously analogue knowledge collections, primarily libraries, i.e. mainly but not exclusively written materials in text format and additionally materials in images, video, and audio formats. A short introduction to digital books explains the extended ways of using them in contrast to their analogue predecessors and their incorporation into various systems such as NID (Net Interactive Documents). In one section, the topic of digital libraries is reviewed. A few of the most important representatives are briefly introduced. The 3.2 chapter applies to the software, which can be used for digital libraries. In the main part, an introduction is given to NID (Net Interactive Documents) and its current applications as well as projects planned for the future. Finally, different features of NID are compared with a similar system - Hypothes.is, and the advantages and disadvantages are explained.
本文讨论了正在进行的数字化先前模拟知识收藏的主题,主要是图书馆,即主要但不限于文本格式的书面材料,以及图像、视频和音频格式的材料。对数字图书的简短介绍解释了与它们的模拟前辈相比,使用它们的扩展方式以及它们与各种系统(如NID (Net Interactive Documents))的结合。在第一部分中,对数字图书馆的主题进行了回顾。简要介绍了几个最重要的代表。3.2章节适用于软件,可用于数字图书馆。在主要部分,介绍了NID (Net Interactive Documents)及其目前的应用和未来计划的项目。最后,将NID的不同特征与一个类似的系统——假设进行了比较。是,并说明了优点和缺点。
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引用次数: 0
Psychosocial Adjustment to Work at Home in Serbia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina 塞尔维亚、黑山、北马其顿和波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那家庭工作的心理社会适应
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.2201.04
B. Đukanović, Enita Čustović, Gorana Bandalović, A. Dragojević
In this study, on the convenience samples of 408 respondents from Serbia, 201 from Montenegro, 221 from North Macedonia, and 201 from Bosnia and Herzegovina, the authors described psychosocial adjustment to work at/from home in the four Western Balkan countries, similarities and differences among the countries and, using qualitative analysis, they presented the profiles of psychosocial adjustment for each country. For this research, a special questionnaire was constructed with answers on a five-point Likert scale. In the analysis and processing of empirical data, ANOVA was used. The results of the research confirmed the findings of other researchers that the attitudes of the respondents towards various psychosocial aspects of working from home are mostly positive, although there are significant differences among the countries; the biggest differences are between respondents from Montenegro and everyone else. Respondents from Montenegro estimate work at/from homeless favorably than all others; they have less time for activities and hobbies, pay less attention to family and partners, find it harder to separate work from private life, show more tension and anxiety while working, their relatives and friends support them less than other respondents. Jobs that are well below their professional education demotivate them. Respondents from North Macedonia are relatively similar to them, while respondents from Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina show a much more optimistic image, which is why they are similar. The lack of social care from the state towards the respondents who work at/from home and remotely is common to all respondents, but it is most pronounced in Serbia.
在这项研究中,作者对来自塞尔维亚的408名受访者、来自黑山的201名受访者、来自北马其顿的221名受访者和来自波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的201名受访者进行了方便抽样,描述了四个西巴尔干国家在家/在家工作的心理社会适应情况,以及各国之间的异同,并采用定性分析的方法,呈现了每个国家的心理社会适应概况。在这项研究中,我们构建了一个特殊的问卷,其中的答案是五点李克特量表。在实证数据的分析和处理中,采用方差分析。研究结果证实了其他研究人员的发现,即受访者对在家工作的各种心理社会方面的态度大多是积极的,尽管各国之间存在显著差异;最大的差异在于黑山和其他国家的受访者之间。黑山的受访者比其他所有人更看好无家可归者的工作;他们从事活动和爱好的时间更少,对家庭和伴侣的关注更少,很难将工作与私人生活分开,在工作中表现出更多的紧张和焦虑,亲戚和朋友对他们的支持比其他受访者少。远远低于他们专业教育水平的工作使他们失去动力。来自北马其顿的受访者与他们相对相似,而来自塞尔维亚和波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的受访者则表现出更为乐观的形象,这就是他们相似的原因。国家对在家/在家和远程工作的受访者缺乏社会关怀对所有受访者来说都很普遍,但在塞尔维亚最为明显。
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引用次数: 0
Internet Sex Addiction in Serbia and Montenegro 塞尔维亚和黑山的网络性成瘾
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.2201.07
B. Đukanović, Irena Petrušić, Gorana Bandalović, A. Maksimović, Silva Banović
In this study, the authors analyzed the problematic use of pornographic websites and Internet sex addiction in representative samples of respondents from different age groups including 2948 respondents from Serbia and 1486 from Montenegro. A standard questionnaire of 33 questions with answers in binary form was used. In addition to epidemiological indicators, the study also included nine family risk factors and six risk factors associated with early psychosocial developmental disorders. Finally, the social profiles of Internet sex addicts in Serbia and Montenegro were described. The results of the research showed that Internet sex addicts are mostly young adults aged 20 to 30. The overall dependency rate was estimated within average limits. In general, Internet sex addiction is among the lowest of all behavioral addictions. The authors see the reason for this in the greatest potency of this addiction for the development of addictive patterns of behavior, but also in the great predictiveness of this addiction together with the gambling addiction for the emergence and development of other behavioral addictions. All examined risk factors (except for shyness and reticence) do "separate" Internet sex addicts from those who do not have the listed risk factors at zero level of significance. However, an examination of the prediction of Internet sex addiction using binary logistic regression showed that aggressive and criminal behaviors in early youth, followed by disorders in educational and emotional relations between parents and children, have the highest predictive values for Internet sex addiction. Social profiles are unclear and unstructured, and the authors explain this by the fact that biological, not sociological, and sociocultural factors play a dominant role in developing addictive patterns of behavior.
在这项研究中,作者分析了来自不同年龄组的代表性样本,包括来自塞尔维亚的2948名受访者和来自黑山的1486名受访者的色情网站使用问题和网络性成瘾。采用标准问卷,共33个问题,答案采用二进制形式。除了流行病学指标外,该研究还包括9个家庭风险因素和6个与早期社会心理发育障碍相关的风险因素。最后,描述了塞尔维亚和黑山网络性成瘾者的社会概况。调查结果显示,网络性成瘾者主要是20 ~ 30岁的年轻人。总体依赖率估计在平均限度之内。总的来说,网络性成瘾是所有行为成瘾中最低的。作者认为,这是因为这种成瘾对成瘾行为模式的发展具有最大的潜力,而且这种成瘾与赌博成瘾一起对其他行为成瘾的出现和发展具有很大的预测性。所有被检查的风险因素(除了害羞和沉默)都将网络性成瘾者与那些没有列出的风险因素的人“区分开来”。然而,一项使用二元逻辑回归对网络性成瘾预测的检验显示,青少年早期的攻击性和犯罪行为,其次是教育和亲子关系障碍,对网络性成瘾的预测价值最高。社会概况是不明确的和非结构化的,作者解释说,生物因素,而不是社会学和社会文化因素在形成成瘾行为模式中起主导作用。
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引用次数: 0
Educational Characteristics of Students - Victims of Cyberbullying 学生的教育特征——网络欺凌的受害者
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.2201.06
Nebojša Macanović, Ružica Stojanović
An increasing number of children and young people are exposed to peer violence via the Internet, but despite this, the fact that it is still not sufficiently recognized as a serious problem in society is worrying. The virtual world gives bullies anonymity, dominance, courage, a sense of security and power. By being involved in the virtual world, children and young people, victims of violence, always experience violence again and feel helpless and depressed, because they cannot fully influence the violent content. In our research, we were based on secondary school students, because they are the most vulnerable category when it comes to violence on the Internet. The subject of the research includes identifying the presence and forms of cyberbullying among secondary school students in the municipality of Modriča, as well as researching the relationship between the manner of cyberbullying and the educational characteristics of students – the victims of cyberbullying. The results of the research indicate that out of the total number of respondents, 39.7% of them were victims of cyberbullying, and when it comes to educational indicators, the victims of cyberbullying are mostly students with excellent and very good results.
越来越多的儿童和青少年通过互联网接触到同伴暴力,但尽管如此,社会上仍然没有充分认识到这是一个严重的问题,这一事实令人担忧。虚拟世界给了恶霸匿名、支配、勇气、安全感和权力感。儿童和青少年作为暴力的受害者,由于参与到虚拟世界中,总是会再次经历暴力,感到无助和沮丧,因为他们无法完全影响暴力内容。在我们的研究中,我们以中学生为基础,因为他们是最容易受到网络暴力侵害的群体。本研究的主题包括识别莫德里 a市中学生中网络欺凌的存在和形式,以及研究网络欺凌方式与学生-网络欺凌受害者的教育特征之间的关系。研究结果表明,在受访者总数中,39.7%的人是网络欺凌的受害者,从教育指标来看,网络欺凌的受害者以成绩优秀和非常好的学生为主。
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引用次数: 0
Fuzzy Logic for Educational Purposes 用于教育目的的模糊逻辑
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.2201.11
Valerie Novitzká, William Steingartner, Viktória Richnavská
Fuzzy logic is a popular logical system used in many applications in real life. The aim of this article is to briefly explain the basic concepts of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic. We define an architecture of fuzzy logic systems and their parts. Using an example of an air-conditioning system we show how formal definitions of fuzzy logic are represented in an implementation.
模糊逻辑是一种广泛应用于现实生活中的逻辑系统。本文的目的是简要解释模糊集和模糊逻辑的基本概念。定义了模糊逻辑系统及其组成部分的体系结构。通过一个空调系统的例子,我们展示了模糊逻辑的形式化定义是如何在实现中表示的。
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引用次数: 1
Rise of the Gig Economy and Further Trends in the Work Processes 零工经济的兴起和工作流程的进一步趋势
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.2201.05
M. Vučeković, Mirjana Radović-Marković, Zorana Nikitović, Vujičić Slađana
In today's business environment, telework has become more common. It provides a win-win situation for employers and employees. Namely, for workers, the benefit is the flexibility to work when they want and where they jobs, across geographies. On the other hand, employers reduce labor costs. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of workers who did their work from home increased significantly and it is predicted that this way of working will continue its growth trend not only due to the flexible and agile ways of working. but also due to the cost reduction opportunities this change brings.
在当今的商业环境中,远程办公已经变得越来越普遍。它为雇主和雇员提供了一个双赢的局面。也就是说,对于员工来说,好处是可以灵活地在他们想要的时间和地点工作,跨越地域。另一方面,雇主降低了劳动力成本。在新冠肺炎疫情期间,在家办公的工人数量大幅增加,预计这种工作方式将继续保持增长趋势,这不仅是因为工作方式灵活敏捷。但也由于这种变化带来的成本降低的机会。
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引用次数: 0
Web Sites Need Much More User-Driven Interactivity 网站需要更多用户驱动的交互性
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.2201.08
Bilal Zaka, H. Maurer
Websites present information or services but often do not allow users to provide feedback or ask questions. The topic of this paper is to first discuss various types of interactivities that are currently available, and then explain what one would expect from advanced systems. The article makes it clear that much has still to be developed. We start by mentioning a number of currently used approaches and show that they almost exclusively belong to a category we call “provider-driven”. They miss the very desirable possibility of what we call “user-driven” feedback that is, at the most, available in a very rudimentary form. We then present some user-driven feedback attempts that culminate with a description of some of the features of a new system NID (for Net-Interactive Documents). We analyze and describe the first results obtained and, finally, summarize to show what future systems should provide.
网站提供信息或服务,但通常不允许用户提供反馈或提问。本文的主题是首先讨论当前可用的各种类型的交互,然后解释人们对高级系统的期望。这篇文章明确指出,仍有许多事情有待发展。我们首先提到一些目前使用的方法,并表明它们几乎完全属于我们称之为“提供者驱动”的类别。他们错过了我们所谓的“用户驱动”反馈的可能性,这种反馈最多只能以一种非常基本的形式提供。然后,我们提出了一些用户驱动的反馈尝试,最终描述了一个新系统NID(用于net -交互式文档)的一些特性。我们分析和描述了获得的第一个结果,最后总结了未来系统应该提供的内容。
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引用次数: 0
Emerging Technologies in Digital Libraries: Net Interactive Document (NID) Experiences and Prospects 数字图书馆的新兴技术:网络交互文档(NID)的经验与展望
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.2201.09
Bilal Zaka
Modern digital library systems face challenges related to data analytics, interoperability, access control, and institutional and user collaborations. This paper presents the work done to add value to the conventional digital library workflows in a next-generation library system. Inherent capabilities to foster collaboration, content co-creation and AI interventions are among the desired features guiding the development of modern library systems. The work also highlights aspects of data transformation and access models in a more connected information ecosystem
现代数字图书馆系统面临着与数据分析、互操作性、访问控制以及机构和用户协作相关的挑战。本文介绍了在下一代图书馆系统中为传统数字图书馆工作流程增加价值所做的工作。促进协作、内容共同创造和人工智能干预的内在能力是指导现代图书馆系统发展的理想功能之一。这项工作还强调了在更紧密联系的信息生态系统中数据转换和访问模型的各个方面
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引用次数: 0
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IPSI BgD Transactions on Internet Research
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