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E-function for Fuzzy Clustering in Complex Networks 复杂网络中模糊聚类的e函数
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.22jr.04
Filip Vidojević, Dušan Džamić, M. Marić
In many real-life situations, data consists of entities and the connections between them, which are naturally described by a complex network (graph). The structure of the network is often such that it is possible to group nodes based on the existence of connections between them, where such groups are called clusters (communities, modules). If the nodes are allowed to partially belong to clusters, they are called fuzzy (overlapping) clusters. There is a huge number of algorithms in the literature that perform fuzzy clustering, that is finds overlapping clusters, so a mechanism is needed to evaluate such clustering. The function that assesses the quality of a performed clustering is called the cluster quality function. One of the latest proposed quality functions is the E-function. The E-function is based on a comparison of the internal structure of a cluster, i.e., the connection between nodes within a cluster and the connection of its nodes with the nodes of other clusters. Due to its exponential nature, the E-function is sensitive to small changes in the membership degrees to which the nodes belong to clusters. As such, it has shown good results in evaluating clustering on known data sets. In this paper, the experimental results that the modified E-function achieves in the case of overlapping clusters are presented. Also, some possibilities for fuzzy clustering by optimizing the E-function are displayed.
在许多现实生活中,数据由实体和它们之间的连接组成,这些实体自然由复杂的网络(图)来描述。网络的结构通常是这样的,可以根据节点之间存在的连接对节点进行分组,这种分组称为集群(社区、模块)。如果允许节点部分属于集群,则称为模糊(重叠)集群。文献中有大量的算法进行模糊聚类,即发现重叠聚类,因此需要一种机制来评估这种聚类。评估已执行的聚类质量的函数称为聚类质量函数。最新提出的质量函数之一是e函数。e函数是基于对集群内部结构的比较,即集群内部节点之间的连接以及该节点与其他集群节点之间的连接。由于其指数性质,e -函数对节点所属簇的隶属度的微小变化很敏感。因此,它在评估已知数据集的聚类方面显示出良好的结果。本文给出了改进的e函数在重叠聚类情况下的实验结果。同时,给出了通过优化e函数实现模糊聚类的几种可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Development of SGABU Platform for Multiscale Modeling SGABU多尺度建模平台的开发
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.22jr.09
Jovana Nikolić, Aleksandar Atanasijević, A. Živić, T. Šušteršič, M. Ivanovic, N. Filipovic
SGABU platform was created as a computational platform for multiscale modelling in biomedical engineering. This is one of the few proposed integrated platforms that include different areas of bioengineering. The platform includes already developed solutions, various datasets and models related to cancer, cardiovascular, bone disorders, and tissue engineering. The biggest obstacle in designing a platform of this type is the use of different tools for each of the layers of architecture for models which are created using different technologies and their integration and visualization within a platform. This study describes the technologies that were used for building the platform and methods for data and models visualization. The goal was to build the most flexible system capable of executing tools of various nature and connecting them into a platform.
SGABU平台是生物医学工程中多尺度建模的计算平台。这是为数不多的包括不同生物工程领域的综合平台之一。该平台包括已经开发的解决方案、与癌症、心血管、骨骼疾病和组织工程相关的各种数据集和模型。设计这种类型的平台的最大障碍是,对于使用不同技术创建的模型的每个架构层使用不同的工具,以及它们在平台中的集成和可视化。本研究描述了用于构建平台的技术以及数据和模型可视化的方法。目标是构建最灵活的系统,能够执行各种性质的工具,并将它们连接到一个平台。
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引用次数: 0
Carotid Artery Segmentation Using Convolutional Neural Network in Ultrasound Images 超声图像中基于卷积神经网络的颈动脉分割
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.22jr.08
N. Radovanovic, Lazar Dašić, A. Blagojević, T. Šušteršič, Nenad Filipović
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death in urban areas. Carotid artery segmentation is the initial step in the automated diagnosis of carotid artery disease. The segmentation of carotid wall and lumen region boundaries are used as an essential part in assessing plaque morphology. In this paper, two types of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures are used for segmentation: U-Net and SegNet. The models used in this paper are applied on 257 ultrasound images containing a transverse section of the vessel acquired by ultrasound. Ultrasound imaging is noninvasive, completely unharming for the patient and a low-cost imaging method, but the main challenge when working with this kind of images is a very low signal to noise ratio and the process of imaging is highly dependent on the device operator. Different models are tested for various ranges of hyperparameter values and compared using different metrics. The model presented in this paper achieved over 94% Dice Coefficient for wall and lumen segmentation when trained during 100 epochs.
心血管疾病是城市地区的主要死亡原因之一。颈动脉分割是颈动脉疾病自动诊断的第一步。颈动脉壁和管腔区域边界的分割是评估斑块形态的重要部分。在本文中,两种类型的卷积神经网络(CNN)架构被用于分割:U-Net和SegNet。本文所使用的模型应用于257张超声图像,其中包含了超声获取的血管横切面。超声成像是非侵入性的,对患者完全无害,是一种低成本的成像方法,但处理这种图像时的主要挑战是信号噪声比非常低,成像过程高度依赖于设备操作员。不同的模型对不同范围的超参数值进行测试,并使用不同的度量进行比较。本文提出的模型在经过100次训练后,对壁腔和腔腔分割的骰子系数达到94%以上。
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引用次数: 1
Markovian Model-Based Safety Analysis in Perception Systems Inside Self-Driving Cars 基于马尔可夫模型的自动驾驶汽车感知系统安全分析
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.22jr.03
César Bautista
At present, the development of self-driving car systems has been increasing. The need for man to control all possible scenarios has led to the inclusion of theories such as human perception. This means identifying how the human brain recognizes its environment and translating it into data that a machine can learn and make decisions. For this, great doubts have been generated concerning safety; in the present work, the Markovian model is implemented as a stochastic method in a constantly changing system. The model shows possible forms, future states' transitions rate of changes, and probabilities without depending on past states. Markovian models can also recognize patterns, make predictions, and learn sequential statistics.
目前,自动驾驶汽车系统的发展一直在增加。人类需要控制所有可能的情况,这导致了人类感知等理论的纳入。这意味着确定人类大脑如何识别其环境,并将其转化为机器可以学习和做出决策的数据。因此,人们对安全性产生了极大的怀疑;在本工作中,马尔可夫模型作为一种随机方法在一个不断变化的系统中实现。该模型显示了可能的形式、未来状态的变化率以及不依赖于过去状态的概率。马尔可夫模型还可以识别模式,进行预测,并学习顺序统计。
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引用次数: 0
Energy Efficiency in the Control of System Disrupted by Social Engineering 社会工程破坏系统控制中的能源效率
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.22jr.05
Edina Albininé Budavári, Zóltan Rajnai
The constant increase in the energy used by humanity is an extremely big problem. The introduction of efficient energy solutions will help alleviate the energy hunger caused by the problems. Examining energy balance can show systemically important factors influencing the system. Disruption of the system is also one of the factors influencing the energy balance. Social Engineering is a form of system disturbance that is covert and conscious system control. The present study examines the harmful energy effects of Social Engineering. The study is based on the combined model of cybernetic loop and social engineering, and the energy balance model of the systems. The energetic impact of social engineering is another reason to emphasize the importance of cyber defense.
人类使用的能源不断增加是一个非常大的问题。引进有效的能源解决方案将有助于缓解这些问题造成的能源饥饿。检查能量平衡可以显示影响系统的系统重要因素。系统的破坏也是影响能量平衡的因素之一。社会工程是一种系统扰动形式,是一种隐蔽的、有意识的系统控制。本研究考察了社会工程的有害能量效应。该研究基于控制回路与社会工程相结合的模型,以及系统的能量平衡模型。社会工程的巨大影响是强调网络防御重要性的另一个原因。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical Analysis of the Impact of Vibration on the Lumbar Spine of the Driver 振动对驾驶员腰椎影响的数值分析
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.22jr.11
I. Šaveljić, S. Mačužić Saveljić, D. Nikolić, Smiljana Tomasevic, T. Djukić, N. Filipovic
The human body, as a complex biomechanical system, is daily exposed to oscillatory movements. Vibrations are observed as small displacements of points compared to the dimensions of the system. The body's sensitivity to vibration depends on many factors, such as body position, muscle tension, frequency, amplitude, and direction of vibration. Comfort is one of the important factors in the study of the quality of the vehicle. Exposure to vibrations over a long time can seriously and permanently damage some organs of the body. In this paper, the influence of vibrations on the lumbar part of the human body was investigated. Vibrations were determined experimentally while the vehicle was moving on the highway for the case of two different speeds. A 3D computer model of a lumbar spine was developed using CT scans. The acceleration values obtained by the experiment were the input values for the numerical analysis of the lumbar spine using the Ansys software package.
人体作为一个复杂的生物力学系统,每天都暴露在振荡运动中。与系统的尺寸相比,观察到的振动是点的小位移。人体对振动的敏感性取决于许多因素,如身体位置、肌肉紧张程度、振动频率、振幅和方向。舒适性是研究汽车质量的重要因素之一。长时间暴露在振动中会对身体的某些器官造成严重和永久性的损害。本文研究了振动对人体腰椎的影响。当车辆在高速公路上以两种不同的速度行驶时,通过实验确定了振动。利用CT扫描建立了腰椎的三维计算机模型。实验得到的加速度值是利用Ansys软件包对腰椎进行数值分析的输入值。
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引用次数: 0
Patch-based Convolutional Neural Network for Atherosclerotic Carotid Plaque Semantic Segmentation 基于斑块的卷积神经网络在动脉粥样硬化斑块语义分割中的应用
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.22jr.10
Lazar Dašić, Nikola Radovanović, T. Šušteršič, A. Blagojević, Leo Benolić, N. Filipovic
Atherosclerotic plaque deposition within the coronary vessel wall leads to arterial stenosis and if not adequately treated, it may potentially have deteriorating consequences, such as a debilitating stroke, thus making early detection of the most importance. The manual plaque components annotation process is both time and resource consuming, therefore, an automatic and accurate segmentation tool is necessary. The main aim of this paper is to present the model for identification and segmentation of the atherosclerotic plaque components such as lipid core, fibrous and calcified tissue, by using Convolutional Neural Network on patch-based segments of ultrasound images. There was some research done on the topic of plaque components segmentation, but not in ultrasound imaging data. Due to the size of some plaque components being only a couple of millimeters, we argue that training a neural network on smaller image patches will perform better than a classifier based on the whole image. Besides the size of components, this decision is motivated by the observation that plaque components are not uniformly distributed throughout the whole carotid wall and that a locality-sensitive segmentation is likely to obtain better segmentation accuracy. Our model achieved good results in the segmentation of fibrous tissue but had difficulties in the segmentation of lipid and calcified tissue due to the quality of ultrasound images.
冠状动脉壁内的动脉粥样硬化斑块沉积会导致动脉狭窄,如果治疗不当,可能会有潜在的恶化后果,如使人衰弱的中风,因此早期发现是最重要的。手工的斑块成分标注过程既耗时又耗费资源,因此需要一种自动准确的分割工具。本文的主要目的是利用卷积神经网络对基于斑块的超声图像片段进行识别和分割动脉粥样硬化斑块成分(如脂核、纤维和钙化组织)的模型。目前已有一些关于斑块成分分割的研究,但尚未在超声成像数据中进行研究。由于一些斑块成分的大小只有几毫米,我们认为在较小的图像斑块上训练神经网络将比基于整个图像的分类器表现更好。除了成分的大小,这个决定的动机是观察到斑块成分不是均匀分布在整个颈动脉壁,位置敏感的分割可能获得更好的分割精度。我们的模型在纤维组织的分割上取得了很好的效果,但由于超声图像质量的原因,在脂质和钙化组织的分割上存在困难。
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引用次数: 0
PV Solar Energy Supply in Smart Cities 智慧城市的光伏太阳能供应
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.22jr.06
V. Katić
The application of solar energy and other renewable energy sources (wind, hydro, etc.) enables the connection of low-power electrical energy generation units to the grid. This new concept called distributed energy generation, provides opportunities to separate parts of existing distribution networks into smaller units, i.e., microgrids, which can be self-sufficient and sustainable for shorter or longer periods. In a smart grid environment, efficient usage of energy and better consumer energy supply is possible, especially in cases of failures in the main grid. This paper presents a method for the assessment of possible rooftop PV system power capacity in a smart city. Special attention will be paid to the generation units coming from renewable energy (solar) and the possibility of supplying existing loads. As a case study, the results of a hypothetical project on the possibility of PV solar energy application for the electricity supply in some cities in Serbia are presented.
太阳能和其他可再生能源(风能、水能等)的应用使低功率发电机组能够连接到电网。这种被称为分布式发电的新概念,提供了将现有配电网络的部分分离成更小的单元的机会,即微电网,可以自给自足,并在短时间或长时间内可持续发展。在智能电网环境中,能源的有效利用和更好的消费者能源供应是可能的,特别是在主电网出现故障的情况下。本文提出了一种评估智慧城市屋顶光伏系统可能发电容量的方法。将特别关注来自可再生能源(太阳能)的发电机组和供应现有负荷的可能性。作为一个案例研究,介绍了一个假设项目的结果,该项目关于光伏太阳能应用于塞尔维亚一些城市供电的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Computational Modeling for Mechanical Testing of Bioresorbable Stents 生物可吸收支架力学测试的计算模型
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.22jr.07
Miloš Anić, M. Milošević, D. Nikolić, B. Milićević, Vladimir Geroski, M. Kojic, Gordana R. Jovicic, N. Filipovic
Development of plaques compositions caused by atherosclerosis inside of coronary arteries is known as coronary artery disease. Its treatment includes the possibility of stent deployment through operation called percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. In this procedure stent is delivered using a balloon catheter and then inserted across the lesion. The new stent design development or optimization of existing ones requires the performance of many expensive mechanical tests which are always followed by their time-consuming analysis. Thus, the possibility of those tests to be performed on computer, i.e., in-silico, instead of in reality, i.e. invitro could remove the necessity of a greater number of in-vitro tests. With in-silico mechanical testing the analysis of all mechanical characteristics could be performed which would drastically decrease both the time and the expenses of the process and even gives the possibility to compare two or more designs. In this study, recently introduced material model of PolyL-Lactic Acid (PLLA) fully bioresorbable vascular scaffold and recently accredited numerical InSilc platform were used to perform in-silico mechanical tests on different stent designs that have different geometrical and material characteristics. In-silico tests include radial compression (RCI), inflation, three-point bending and two plate crush test whose results could provide well-grounded conclusions and thus a notable contribution in stent design and optimization.
由冠状动脉粥样硬化引起的斑块组成的发展被称为冠状动脉疾病。其治疗包括通过经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术置入支架的可能性。在这个过程中,支架通过球囊导管输送,然后穿过病变部位插入。新支架的设计开发或现有支架的优化需要进行许多昂贵的力学测试,而这些测试之后总是伴随着耗时的分析。因此,在计算机上,即在计算机上,而不是在现实中,即在体外进行这些测试的可能性,可以消除更多数量的体外测试的必要性。通过硅机械测试,可以对所有机械特性进行分析,这将大大减少工艺的时间和费用,甚至可以比较两种或更多的设计。在本研究中,采用最近推出的聚乳酸(PLLA)全生物可吸收血管支架材料模型和最近认可的InSilc数值平台,对具有不同几何和材料特性的不同支架设计进行了计算机力学测试。硅内试验包括径向压缩(RCI)、膨胀、三点弯曲和两板挤压试验,其结果可以提供有根据的结论,从而为支架的设计和优化做出显着贡献。
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引用次数: 0
A Decade of Predatory Journals with an Overview of the Literature 掠夺性期刊的十年与文献综述
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.58245/ipsi.tir.22jr.02
László Berek
The threat to online scientific communication from predatory publishers and journals is now 10 years old. Its recognition and emergence in the literature date back to 2012. The paper summarizes past and present knowledge about the threat to online scholarly communication: the activities of predatory journals and publishers. In this study, the first-round mapping of publications on this topic was carried out using the Scopus and Web of Science databases. This study is the first step of a literature review in search of possible solutions to this issue.
掠夺性出版商和期刊对在线科学传播的威胁现在已经有10年了。它在文献中的认识和出现可以追溯到2012年。本文总结了过去和现在关于在线学术交流威胁的知识:掠夺性期刊和出版商的活动。在本研究中,使用Scopus和Web of Science数据库对该主题的出版物进行了第一轮映射。本研究是文献综述的第一步,旨在寻找解决这一问题的可能方法。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
IPSI BgD Transactions on Internet Research
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