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Article Commentary: An Assistance-as-Needed Control Paradigm for Robot-Assisted Ankle Rehabilitation 文章评论:机器人辅助踝关节康复的按需辅助控制范式
Pub Date : 2014-03-01 DOI: 10.4137/RPO.S12340
Mingming Zhang, T. C. Davies, Anoop Nandakumar, S. Xie
Robots have been developed for treatment and rehabilitation of ankle injuries. Two reviews have been conducted involving the effectiveness of robot-assisted ankle rehabilitation and ankle assessment techniques respectively to investigate what the optimal therapy is. This study proposes an assistance-as-needed (AAN) control paradigm for potential use in robot-assisted ankle rehabilitation based on the review results. This AAN control strategy will consider real-time ankle assessment and make rehabilitation more effective.
机器人已经被开发用于治疗和康复脚踝损伤。两项综述分别涉及机器人辅助踝关节康复和踝关节评估技术的有效性,以探讨最佳治疗方法。根据综述结果,本研究提出了一种基于机器人辅助脚踝康复的按需辅助(AAN)控制范式。这种AAN控制策略将考虑实时踝关节评估,使康复更有效。
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引用次数: 2
Vision Rehabilitation in Patients with Age-related Macular Degeneration 老年性黄斑变性患者的视力康复
Pub Date : 2014-03-01 DOI: 10.4137/RPO.S12364
F. Amore, S. Fortini, V. Silvestri, M. Sulfaro, A. Pacifici, Simona Turco
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the rehabilitative process and visual rehabilitation outcomes in patients with central vision loss due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods Ninety-five subjects with AMD selected from the attendees of the National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients—International Agency for Prevention of Blindness—IAPB Italia Onlus, were evaluated for this retrospective study. Low vision examination included psychological counseling, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), near visual acuity, Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity, and fixation stability analysis. Once the clinical assessment was completed, patients attended a low-vision rehabilitative pathway based on visual stimulation, devices training and, if needed, psychological support. Required magnification and reading speed were also evaluated. Results For the whole sample, the mean BCVA of the better eye was 0.7 (±0.2) LogMAR and of the worse eye was 1 (±0.2) LogMAR. Restoring reading ability was the most important focus for the patients examined as it was requested by 85% of the whole sample. Mean power of optical magnifying aids for near activities was 10.6 (±9.1) positive spherical diopters. Mean reading speed for the whole sample was 33.1 (±18.2) words per minute (wpm) before visual rehabilitation sessions and increased to 55.2 (±33.1) wpm after visual rehabilitation path. To cope with distance difficulties, 78 distance refractive correction, 10 Galilean telescopes, and 7 Keplerian telescopes were prescribed. For intermediate distance activities, 22 compensation lenses and 10 Galilean telescopes were suggested. Moreover, PC magnifier softwares were prescribed to nine patients. Sixty-five polarized medical filters were prescribed to reduce glare of sunlight. Because of unstable fixation in their better eye (32.3% (±19.7) within 2° circle and 54.8% (±22.9) within 4° circle) and visual acuity < 1.2 LogMAR in the fellow eye, 38 subjects, before starting the devices training sessions, attended a bio-feedback rehabilitation session with flickering pattern stimulus. In these subjects, fixation stability increased significantly to 75.6 (±14.9) within 2° and 89.4 (±19.5) within 4° (P < 0.05), respectively. Conclusions Attending a customized low-vision intervention based on a multidisciplinary approach seems to be effective for improving visual functions in AMD. Both optical/electronic magnifiers and specific visual stimulation program can enhance visual performances.
本研究的目的是探讨老年性黄斑变性(AMD)导致的中央视力丧失患者的康复过程和视力康复结果。方法从国家低视力患者预防失明和康复服务与研究中心-国际防盲机构-意大利Onlus的参与者中选择95名AMD患者进行回顾性研究。低视力检查包括心理咨询、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、近视力、Pelli-Robson对比敏感度和注视稳定性分析。一旦临床评估完成,患者参加了基于视觉刺激、设备训练和必要时心理支持的低视力康复途径。还评估了所需的放大倍率和阅读速度。结果全样本中,较好眼的平均BCVA为0.7(±0.2)LogMAR,较差眼的平均BCVA为1(±0.2)LogMAR。对于接受检查的患者来说,恢复阅读能力是最重要的焦点,因为整个样本中有85%的人要求恢复阅读能力。近距离活动的平均光学放大倍数为10.6(±9.1)正球面屈光度。整个样本在视力康复前的平均阅读速度为33.1(±18.2)个单词/分钟(wpm),在视力康复路径后增加到55.2(±33.1)个单词/分钟(wpm)。为了解决距离上的困难,规定了78个距离折射校正,10个伽利略望远镜和7个开普勒望远镜。对于中距离活动,建议使用22个补偿透镜和10个伽利略望远镜。此外,还对9例患者开了PC放大镜软件。65种偏振光医用滤光片被用来减少阳光的眩光。由于好眼固定不稳定(2°圆内32.3%(±19.7),4°圆内54.8%(±22.9)),伴眼视力< 1.2 LogMAR, 38名受试者在设备训练开始前参加了闪烁模式刺激的生物反馈康复训练。这些受试者的固定稳定性在2°和4°范围内分别显著提高至75.6(±14.9)和89.4(±19.5)(P < 0.05)。结论:参加基于多学科方法的定制低视力干预似乎可以有效改善AMD患者的视力功能。光学/电子放大镜和特定的视觉刺激程序都可以提高视觉性能。
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引用次数: 4
Assessment of Quality of Life of People who Stutter: A Cross-sectional Study 口吃者生活质量评估:一项横断面研究
Pub Date : 2014-03-01 DOI: 10.4137/RPO.S19058
Gagan Bajaj, A. Varghese, J. Bhat, J. Deepthi
Stuttering is a complex communication disorder that impedes the normal flow and pattern of speech, which is characterized by involuntary audible or inaudible pause, repetitions, prolongations, blocks, etc. Other than the core behaviors, people who stutter experience various other problems such as fear, anxiety, depression, shame, etc., which can in turn affect the quality of life (QOL). The purpose of this study is to develop a questionnaire in order to assess the QOL of people who stutter. A total of 30 participants aged between 18 and 30 years were enrolled for the study. Out of the stutterers included, 15 were employed and 15 were non-employed/students. The study was carried out in two phases. The first phase involved the development of a questionnaire based on literature search and available tests. The second phase involved administering the validated questionnaire on the participants. The questionnaire consisted of six domains targeting (1) speech-related fear and anxiety, (2) interpersonal and social relationships, (3) behavioral reaction to stuttering, (4) educational status, (5) employment and job opportunity, and (6) effect of speech therapy. For each item, response scales were organized (2—almost always, 1—sometime, 0—not at all). Developed questionnaire showed good content validity for all the domains and questions. The result of Cronbach's alpha for each domain indicates moderate internal consistency and excellent internal consistency for the overall questionnaire. Multiple domains were observed to be affected among adults who stutter, and the differences were not found to be significantly different as compared to the available QOL data from other cultural settings.
口吃是一种复杂的交流障碍,它阻碍了正常的语言流动和模式,其特征是不自觉地听到或听不到停顿、重复、延长、阻塞等。除了这些核心行为外,口吃者还会经历各种其他问题,如恐惧、焦虑、抑郁、羞耻等,这些问题反过来会影响生活质量。本研究的目的是开发一份问卷,以评估口吃者的生活质量。共有30名年龄在18至30岁之间的参与者参加了这项研究。在被调查的口吃者中,15人有工作,15人没有工作/学生。这项研究分两个阶段进行。第一阶段涉及在文献检索和现有测试的基础上编制问卷。第二阶段包括对参与者进行有效的问卷调查。问卷包括6个领域,分别针对:(1)言语相关的恐惧和焦虑,(2)人际和社会关系,(3)对口吃的行为反应,(4)教育状况,(5)就业和工作机会,(6)言语治疗效果。对于每个项目,反应量表被组织(2 -几乎总是,1 -有时,0 -根本不)。所编制的问卷在各领域和问题上均显示出良好的内容效度。各域的Cronbach’s alpha检验结果表明,整体问卷的内部一致性为中等,内部一致性为优异。在口吃的成年人中观察到多个领域受到影响,与其他文化背景下的可用生活质量数据相比,差异没有发现显着差异。
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引用次数: 2
Physical Activity and Exercise Engagement in Patients Diagnosed with Transient Ischemic Attack and Mild/Non-disabling Stroke: A Commentary on Current Perspectives 短暂性脑缺血发作和轻度/非致残性脑卒中患者的身体活动和运动参与:对当前观点的评论
Pub Date : 2014-03-01 DOI: 10.4137/RPO.S12338
J. Faulkner, Lee Stoner, D. Lambrick
Individuals diagnosed with a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or mild/non-disabling stroke are at high risk of cardiovascular or recurrent cerebrovascular (stroke, TIA) events. Pharmacological intervention (ie anti-platelet and anti-coagulant medication) is considered the cornerstone of secondary prevention care for this population group. However, recent research has explored the utility of non-pharmacological interventions (eg exercise, diet, education) in improving health outcomes and reducing the risk of secondary events in patients with TIA or mild/non-disabling stroke. This commentary discusses the efficacy of implementing exercise interventions as a part of the secondary care program for acute and non-acute TIA and stroke patients. Current perspectives and future research initiatives are also discussed.
被诊断为短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)或轻度/非致残性中风的个体,心血管或复发性脑血管(中风,TIA)事件的风险很高。药物干预(即抗血小板和抗凝血药物)被认为是该人群二级预防护理的基石。然而,最近的研究已经探索了非药物干预(如运动、饮食、教育)在改善TIA或轻度/非致残性卒中患者的健康结果和降低继发性事件风险方面的效用。这篇评论讨论了将运动干预作为急性和非急性TIA和中风患者二级护理计划的一部分的效果。本文还讨论了当前的研究前景和未来的研究计划。
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引用次数: 3
A Survey on Conceptions of Stuttering 口吃概念的调查
Pub Date : 2014-02-19 DOI: 10.4137/RPO.S12755
N. Rout, Suman Kumar, Navnit Kumar
The conceptions about stuttering vary amongst cultures. Culturally specific findings regarding stuttering help in understanding the peoples' views and conceptions about stuttering and devising awareness and counselling strategies. A total of 132 passengers on the Coromandal Express from Chennai to Howrah participated in this study. All of them belonged to the upper middle socio-economic class. Preliminary Stuttering Conception Questionnaire (PSCQ) was used to understand their conceptions of stuttering. 23% had no idea and 12% had myths about the etiology of stuttering. 11% assumed it was a genetic problem and 5—6% a physical-mental problem. 31% had no idea of treatment options. 25% preferred medicine, 23% rehabilitation for treatment of stuttering. For rehabilitation, only 45% precisely knew about the speech language pathologist; the remaining 55% were unaware of this profession. Steps need to be taken towards educating the common man about stuttering.
不同文化对口吃的看法各不相同。有关口吃的具体文化调查结果有助于了解人们对口吃的看法和概念,并有助于制定提高认识和咨询策略。共有132名乘客参加了从金奈到豪拉的Coromandal特快的研究。他们都属于中上层社会经济阶层。采用初步口吃概念问卷(PSCQ)了解他们对口吃的概念。23%的人不知道,12%的人对口吃的病因有误解。11%的人认为这是遗传问题,5% - 6%的人认为是身心问题。31%的人不知道治疗方案。25%选择药物治疗,23%选择康复治疗。对于康复,只有45%的人确切知道语言病理学家;剩下的55%不知道这个职业。需要采取措施对普通人进行口吃教育。
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引用次数: 2
Comparative Treatment Outcomes of Pre and Post-exercise TENS Application on Knee Osteoarthritis: A Preliminary Report 运动前后应用TENS治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的疗效比较:初步报告
Pub Date : 2014-02-12 DOI: 10.4137/RPO.S13794
A. Bello, Shirley Crankson, B. Adegoke
Objective The effects of TENS before exercise (TBE) and TENS after exercise (TAE) in the management of knee osteoarthritis (OA) were compared. Methods Fifteen participants with knee OA were alternatively assigned to either TBE or TAE groups. Participants' pain, active knee flexibility, thigh girth, disability, and activity levels were assessed at baseline and at the end of eight-week study. Mixed design two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at P < 0.05 was used to compare the two groups. Results The mean age of the participants was 58.1 ± 10.9 years. Post-intervention comparison showed that TAE had significantly lower scores (1.9 ± 0.9) than TBE (4.3 ± 1.5) on Disability Index Questionnaire (DIQ) (F-ratio = 10.5; P = 0.006), and significantly lower scores (0.8 ± 0.3) than TBE (1.4 ± 0.6) on Patient Assessment Scale (PAS) (F-ratio = 8.3; P = 0.013). However, both groups did not significantly differ on the selected impairment measures. Conclusion TAE was found to be more effective on the primary outcome measures in patients with knee OA.
目的比较运动前TENS (TBE)与运动后TENS (TAE)治疗膝关节骨性关节炎(OA)的疗效。方法将15例膝关节OA患者随机分为TBE组和TAE组。在基线和八周研究结束时评估参与者的疼痛、膝关节活动度、大腿围、残疾和活动水平。采用P < 0.05的混合设计双因素方差分析(ANOVA)对两组进行比较。结果患者平均年龄为58.1±10.9岁。干预后比较,TAE组残疾指数问卷(DIQ)得分(1.9±0.9)明显低于TBE组(4.3±1.5)(f比= 10.5;P = 0.006),患者评估量表(PAS)评分(0.8±0.3)明显低于TBE(1.4±0.6)(f比= 8.3;P = 0.013)。然而,两组在选择的损伤测量上没有显着差异。结论TAE对膝关节OA患者的主要预后指标更为有效。
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引用次数: 1
Quetiapine Induced Acute Dystonia in a patient with History of severe Head Injury 奎硫平致重度颅脑损伤患者急性肌张力障碍1例
Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/RPO.S3626
R. Bota, J. Witkowski
A patient with a history of severe head injury 10 years ago regained ability to walk after years of being bound to a wheelchair. During the last psychiatric hospitalization, quetiapine was increased to therapeutic dose using a normal titration. As a result the patient developed dystonia of multiple muscle groups requiring 4 days of hospitalization for remittance of symptoms. In this paper, we take a close look at the literature concerning extrapiramidal symptoms (EPS) in this context, and we suggest that in patients with a history of head injury, it is warranted to consider a slower titration of antipsychotic medications, including ones that are considered having a lower risk of EPS such as quetiapine.
10年前有严重头部损伤史的患者,在被束缚在轮椅上多年后,恢复了行走能力。在最后一次精神病住院期间,喹硫平使用正常滴定增加到治疗剂量。结果患者出现多肌群肌张力障碍,需住院4天症状缓解。在本文中,我们仔细研究了在这种情况下有关锥体外系症状(EPS)的文献,我们建议在有头部损伤史的患者中,有必要考虑缓慢滴注抗精神病药物,包括那些被认为具有较低EPS风险的药物,如喹硫平。
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引用次数: 1
Introductory Editorial 入门篇社论
Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11795727080010001
T. Kroll
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Rehabilitation Process and Outcome
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