Pub Date : 2021-06-08DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.30.2021.02.039-054
Paul Tudorache
Similar to other fields, also in the military one, the Artificial Intelligence has become recently an evident solution for optimizing specific processes and activities. Therefore, this research paper aims to highlight the potential uses of Artificial Intelligence in the military operations carried out by the Land Forces. In this regard, analysing the framework of the operations process and applying suitable research methodology, the main findings are related to AI’s contributions in optimizing commander’s decisions during the progress of planning and execution. On the other hand, picturing the AI upgrated combat power of the Land Forces is another significant result of this study.
{"title":"Applicability of Artificial Intelligence in Decision-Making for Land Forces","authors":"Paul Tudorache","doi":"10.3849/2336-2995.30.2021.02.039-054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/2336-2995.30.2021.02.039-054","url":null,"abstract":"Similar to other fields, also in the military one, the Artificial Intelligence has become recently an evident solution for optimizing specific processes and activities. Therefore, this research paper aims to highlight the potential uses of Artificial Intelligence in the military operations carried out by the Land Forces. In this regard, analysing the framework of the operations process and applying suitable research methodology, the main findings are related to AI’s contributions in optimizing commander’s decisions during the progress of planning and execution. On the other hand, picturing the AI upgrated combat power of the Land Forces is another significant result of this study.","PeriodicalId":41437,"journal":{"name":"Vojenske Rozhledy-Czech Military Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45180188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-08DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.30.2021.02.026-038
Dragan Stanar
This paper aims to explain the tension between the phenomenon of whistle-blowing and military values, embodied in core martial virtues of loyalty and courage, which are integral in all armies. By defining these virtues in the military context, the author demonstrates how expressing dissent in the military is not necessarily opposed to loyalty and courage, but rather that it is necessary if conflict of different loyalties is properly managed and if courage is properly understood. Only by ensuring that armed forces are led by those who truly understand military values and martial virtues, and that whistle-blowing can be both patriotic and heroic, can we strive for a lasting peace. By courageously expressing loyalty to his nation, institution and profession, a soldier may act heroically by blowing the proverbial whistle.
{"title":"Martial Virtues and Whistle-Blowing: Loyalty Misplaced and Courage Misunderstood","authors":"Dragan Stanar","doi":"10.3849/2336-2995.30.2021.02.026-038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/2336-2995.30.2021.02.026-038","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to explain the tension between the phenomenon of whistle-blowing and military values, embodied in core martial virtues of loyalty and courage, which are integral in all armies. By defining these virtues in the military context, the author demonstrates how expressing dissent in the military is not necessarily opposed to loyalty and courage, but rather that it is necessary if conflict of different loyalties is properly managed and if courage is properly understood. Only by ensuring that armed forces are led by those who truly understand military values and martial virtues, and that whistle-blowing can be both patriotic and heroic, can we strive for a lasting peace. By courageously expressing loyalty to his nation, institution and profession, a soldier may act heroically by blowing the proverbial whistle.","PeriodicalId":41437,"journal":{"name":"Vojenske Rozhledy-Czech Military Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45897137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.30.2021.02.003-025
Jan Eichler
The article analyses the process of the NATO enlargement after 1990. It starts by a detailed analysis of the secret negotiations which have been started just after the end of the Cold War. In the light of the institutional liberalism, the NATO enlargement is a positive process which satisfied especially new member states. But in the light of the American neorealism, this process resulted into profound changes in the balance of the security threats and into a large militarisation and tension at the new Eastern frontier of NATO in a direct neighbourhood with the Russia. New military units with the modern arms systems are deployed over there and we are witnessing a growing number of dangerous military incidents. As a result, the contemporary situation needs new political negotiations between two competitors and a shift from the contemporary negative Peace towards the positive Peace.
{"title":"NATO After the End of the Cold War","authors":"Jan Eichler","doi":"10.3849/2336-2995.30.2021.02.003-025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/2336-2995.30.2021.02.003-025","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the process of the NATO enlargement after 1990. It starts by a detailed analysis of the secret negotiations which have been started just after the end of the Cold War. In the light of the institutional liberalism, the NATO enlargement is a positive process which satisfied especially new member states. But in the light of the American neorealism, this process resulted into profound changes in the balance of the security threats and into a large militarisation and tension at the new Eastern frontier of NATO in a direct neighbourhood with the Russia. New military units with the modern arms systems are deployed over there and we are witnessing a growing number of dangerous military incidents. As a result, the contemporary situation needs new political negotiations between two competitors and a shift from the contemporary negative Peace towards the positive Peace.","PeriodicalId":41437,"journal":{"name":"Vojenske Rozhledy-Czech Military Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48221412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-24DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.29.2020.04.046-064
J. Kofroň, M. Opletal, M. Zrno
Focusing on current Malian conflict, the aim of the article is to demonstrate usefulness of the „Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project“ database for the analysis of intra-state conflicts. At the macro-level the paper analyzes geographical spread of the conflict and its key quantitative characteristics (numbers of fatalities stemming from different types of incidents). At the micro-level it focuses on Malian region Mopti. At this level the paper analyzes geographical distribution of various incidents and the interaction of the key armed groups operating within the region.
{"title":"Analysis of the Malian conflict dynamics – exploiting ACLED database","authors":"J. Kofroň, M. Opletal, M. Zrno","doi":"10.3849/2336-2995.29.2020.04.046-064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/2336-2995.29.2020.04.046-064","url":null,"abstract":"Focusing on current Malian conflict, the aim of the article is to demonstrate usefulness of the „Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project“ database for the analysis of intra-state conflicts. At the macro-level the paper analyzes geographical spread of the conflict and its key quantitative characteristics (numbers of fatalities stemming from different types of incidents). At the micro-level it focuses on Malian region Mopti. At this level the paper analyzes geographical distribution of various incidents and the interaction of the key armed groups operating within the region.","PeriodicalId":41437,"journal":{"name":"Vojenske Rozhledy-Czech Military Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49169542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-24DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.29.2020.04.065-083
Jaroslav Kuba, Richard Saibert
The article deals with the issue of identification and evaluation of the competencies of senior officers of the Czech Armed Forces. Paper investigates the role of the authorities responsible for military branches and military occupation specialties in the system of defining officer´s competencies. It was also examined the scope of possible application of the competency model of a professional soldier defined by the National System of Occupations in the process of career management. As a comprehensive and optimal solution, a full application of competency model is proposed. The partial application of the competency model is based only on the use of the soft competencies component. Both of these proposals are formulated primarily for the purpose of describing the job position and official evaluation. The paper also brings a number of proposals in the conceptual and normative area circumscribing and strengthening the role of the responsible authorities in the process of defining the officer´s competencies.
{"title":"Defining and Evaluation of Competencies of an Officer of the Czech Armed Forces","authors":"Jaroslav Kuba, Richard Saibert","doi":"10.3849/2336-2995.29.2020.04.065-083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/2336-2995.29.2020.04.065-083","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the issue of identification and evaluation of the competencies of senior officers of the Czech Armed Forces. Paper investigates the role of the authorities responsible for military branches and military occupation specialties in the system of defining officer´s competencies. It was also examined the scope of possible application of the competency model of a professional soldier defined by the National System of Occupations in the process of career management. As a comprehensive and optimal solution, a full application of competency model is proposed. The partial application of the competency model is based only on the use of the soft competencies component. Both of these proposals are formulated primarily for the purpose of describing the job position and official evaluation. The paper also brings a number of proposals in the conceptual and normative area circumscribing and strengthening the role of the responsible authorities in the process of defining the officer´s competencies.","PeriodicalId":41437,"journal":{"name":"Vojenske Rozhledy-Czech Military Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46508200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-08DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.29.2020.03.025-040
M. Fiebich
: The article deals with providing situational awareness in operations at the operational level of command in the context of the information envi -ronment, the current nature of which significantly affects the execution of this capability. It examines the influence of three selected aspects – information overload, the expansion of advanced information techno logy and the growing importance of the cyber domain – on generating, maintaining and sharing situational awareness in planning and conduct of operations. It identifies and characterizes the respective sub-capabili ties within the information area, necessary for operational headquarters to effectively provide situational awareness, and outline possible ways to develop these capabilities in terms of internal processes, technical equi pment and personnel. vnitřních procesů, technického vybavení a personálu.
本文涉及在信息环境的背景下，在指挥的作战层面上提供态势感知，其当前性质显著地影响了这种能力的执行。它考察了三个选定的方面——信息超载、先进信息技术的扩展和网络领域日益重要——对在规划和开展行动时产生、维持和共享态势感知的影响。它确定并描述了信息区域内各自的子能力，这些能力是作战总部有效提供态势感知所必需的，并概述了在内部流程、技术设备和人员方面发展这些能力的可能方法。Vnitřních process, technick vybavení a personálu。
{"title":"Situational Awareness and Current Information Environment","authors":"M. Fiebich","doi":"10.3849/2336-2995.29.2020.03.025-040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/2336-2995.29.2020.03.025-040","url":null,"abstract":": The article deals with providing situational awareness in operations at the operational level of command in the context of the information envi -ronment, the current nature of which significantly affects the execution of this capability. It examines the influence of three selected aspects – information overload, the expansion of advanced information techno logy and the growing importance of the cyber domain – on generating, maintaining and sharing situational awareness in planning and conduct of operations. It identifies and characterizes the respective sub-capabili ties within the information area, necessary for operational headquarters to effectively provide situational awareness, and outline possible ways to develop these capabilities in terms of internal processes, technical equi pment and personnel. vnitřních procesů, technického vybavení a personálu.","PeriodicalId":41437,"journal":{"name":"Vojenske Rozhledy-Czech Military Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44662324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-08DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.29.2020.03.003-024
Miroslav Chylík, Josef Procházka
The authors offer the research outcome focusing on the assessment of risk management practices applied in the Armed Forces development planning process. Based on analytical outcomes, contemporary theory and best practices authors outline comprehensive approach to risk management within the Armed Forces development planning process. The purpose of the article is to enhance effectiveness of existing managerial process and elevate risk management from rather administrative exercise to effective management tool in the time of growing level of uncertainty. As the most suitable instrument, the Risk Management Plan is developed including the necessary implementation measures within the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic. Klíčová slova: Plánovací proces; plánování rozvoje; cíl; úkol; riziko; řízení rizik; plán řízení rizik.
作者提供的研究成果侧重于评估在武装部队发展规划过程中应用的风险管理实践。基于分析结果，当代理论和最佳实践作者概述了武装部队发展规划过程中风险管理的综合方法。本文的目的是提高现有管理过程的有效性，并将风险管理从行政操作提升到有效的管理工具，在不确定性不断增加的时代。作为最合适的工具，制定了《风险管理计划》，其中包括捷克共和国武装部队内部的必要执行措施。Klíčová slova: Plánovací进程;planovani rozvoje;cil;ukol;riziko;řizeni rizik;Plán řízení rizik。
{"title":"Risk Management in the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic Development Planning Process","authors":"Miroslav Chylík, Josef Procházka","doi":"10.3849/2336-2995.29.2020.03.003-024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/2336-2995.29.2020.03.003-024","url":null,"abstract":"The authors offer the research outcome focusing on the assessment of risk management practices applied in the Armed Forces development planning process. Based on analytical outcomes, contemporary theory and best practices authors outline comprehensive approach to risk management within the Armed Forces development planning process. The purpose of the article is to enhance effectiveness of existing managerial process and elevate risk management from rather administrative exercise to effective management tool in the time of growing level of uncertainty. As the most suitable instrument, the Risk Management Plan is developed including the necessary implementation measures within the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic. Klíčová slova: Plánovací proces; plánování rozvoje; cíl; úkol; riziko; řízení rizik; plán řízení rizik.","PeriodicalId":41437,"journal":{"name":"Vojenske Rozhledy-Czech Military Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44578920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-10DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.29.2020.mc.086-102
Stanislav Polnar, B. Prokop
This paper is devoted to the role of a periodical Vojenská mysl in the reform of Czechoslovak „1968“. There were various contributions on its pages, which criticized the lack of the Czechoslovak military doctrine. The corn of criticism was also aimed at non‐systemic arrangements based on Soviet pressures in the area of diplomacy and military policy. Vojenská mysl reflected carefully the general process of democratization, which influenced the daily life in the Czechoslovakian army. The democratization required involvement of scientific base in military affaires, a long with better use of personnel capacity in the military. Klíčová slova: ČSLA; doktrína; demokratizace; ozbrojené síly; reforma; strategie.
{"title":"The Reform of Czechoslovakian Military Thinking and the Year 1968","authors":"Stanislav Polnar, B. Prokop","doi":"10.3849/2336-2995.29.2020.mc.086-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/2336-2995.29.2020.mc.086-102","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is devoted to the role of a periodical Vojenská mysl in the reform of Czechoslovak „1968“. There were various contributions on its pages, which criticized the lack of the Czechoslovak military doctrine. The corn of criticism was also aimed at non‐systemic arrangements based on Soviet pressures in the area of diplomacy and military policy. Vojenská mysl reflected carefully the general process of democratization, which influenced the daily life in the Czechoslovakian army. The democratization required involvement of scientific base in military affaires, a long with better use of personnel capacity in the military. Klíčová slova: ČSLA; doktrína; demokratizace; ozbrojené síly; reforma; strategie.","PeriodicalId":41437,"journal":{"name":"Vojenske Rozhledy-Czech Military Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47893999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-10DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.29.2020.mc.075-085
R. Zahradníček
: Research into the historiography of the use of Weapons of Mass Destruction involves an excursion of the study of recent problems of Chemical Corps in the literature. Four basic periods have been identified in the development of the theory of Chemical Corps and the concept of use of Weapons of Mass Destruction. 1. The First World War and the foundation of Czechoslovakia as a period of changes in the principles of military leadership. 2. The period after the end of World War II, reflection on threats in the form of development of Chemical Corps, take‑over of Soviet doctrine and military research objectives. 3. 1990s as a period characterized by an accent on the Gulf War and the introduction of new technical means of Chemical Corps. 4. Beginning of the 21st century and the threat of ultra‑terrorism, the development of specialized capabilities of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defence. The researched articles illustrate the originality of scientific thinking and the social contribution of scientific literature to the defence sector.
{"title":"Weapons of Mass Destruction and Chemical Corps in Light of Czech Military Periodicals of 1920-2020","authors":"R. Zahradníček","doi":"10.3849/2336-2995.29.2020.mc.075-085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/2336-2995.29.2020.mc.075-085","url":null,"abstract":": Research into the historiography of the use of Weapons of Mass Destruction involves an excursion of the study of recent problems of Chemical Corps in the literature. Four basic periods have been identified in the development of the theory of Chemical Corps and the concept of use of Weapons of Mass Destruction. 1. The First World War and the foundation of Czechoslovakia as a period of changes in the principles of military leadership. 2. The period after the end of World War II, reflection on threats in the form of development of Chemical Corps, take‑over of Soviet doctrine and military research objectives. 3. 1990s as a period characterized by an accent on the Gulf War and the introduction of new technical means of Chemical Corps. 4. Beginning of the 21st century and the threat of ultra‑terrorism, the development of specialized capabilities of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defence. The researched articles illustrate the originality of scientific thinking and the social contribution of scientific literature to the defence sector.","PeriodicalId":41437,"journal":{"name":"Vojenske Rozhledy-Czech Military Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46127622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-08DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.29.2020.02.092-107
M. Macháček
United states of America classified from 2019 Iranian revolution guards as “foreign terrorist organisation”. Article analyses consequences of this step. Text in the introduction presents Guards and highlights the differences between this organization and “classical” terrorist organization. Goal of the main part of text is to analyze American steps and finds consequences resulting from it. This work concluded that though legal consequences of putting Guards on the list of “foreign terrorist organization” are small, on the other hand its practical impacts are huge. There was also found link between putting Guards on this list and new American strategy of “maximal pressure” against Iran. Klíčová slova: Terorismus; bezpečnostní politika; ekonomické sankce; strategie „maximálního tlaku“.
{"title":"Analysis of Iranian Revolution Guard Corps in the Context of its Inclusion on the List of Foreign Terrorist Organisation","authors":"M. Macháček","doi":"10.3849/2336-2995.29.2020.02.092-107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/2336-2995.29.2020.02.092-107","url":null,"abstract":"United states of America classified from 2019 Iranian revolution guards as “foreign terrorist organisation”. Article analyses consequences of this step. Text in the introduction presents Guards and highlights the differences between this organization and “classical” terrorist organization. Goal of the main part of text is to analyze American steps and finds consequences resulting from it. This work concluded that though legal consequences of putting Guards on the list of “foreign terrorist organization” are small, on the other hand its practical impacts are huge. There was also found link between putting Guards on this list and new American strategy of “maximal pressure” against Iran. Klíčová slova: Terorismus; bezpečnostní politika; ekonomické sankce; strategie „maximálního tlaku“.","PeriodicalId":41437,"journal":{"name":"Vojenske Rozhledy-Czech Military Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44076040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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