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On domination in signed graphs 论符号图中的支配
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.2478/ausi-2023-0001
James Joseph, Mayamma Joseph
Abstract In this article the concept of domination in signed graphs is examined from an alternate perspective and a new definition of the same is introduced. A vertex subset D of a signed graph S is a dominating set, if for each vertex v not in D there exists a vertex u ∈ D such that the sign of the edge uv is positive. The domination number γ (S) of S is the minimum cardinality among all the dominating sets of S. We obtain certain bounds of γ (S) and present a necessary and su cient condition for a dominating set to be a minimal dominating set. Further, we characterise the signed graphs having small and large values for domination number.
摘要本文从另一个角度研究了符号图中的支配概念,并引入了符号图中支配的新定义。有符号图S的顶点子集D是支配集,如果对于不在D中的每个顶点v,存在一个顶点u∈D,使得边uv的符号为正。S的支配数γ (S)是S的所有支配集中的最小基数。我们得到了γ (S)的一定界,并给出了一个支配集是最小支配集的必要和充要条件。进一步,我们描述了具有小值和大值的控制数的签名图。
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引用次数: 0
Explainable patch-level histopathology tissue type detection with bag-of-local-features models and data augmentation 可解释的斑块级组织病理学组织类型检测与局部特征袋模型和数据增强
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.2478/ausi-2023-0006
Gergő Galiger, Z. Bodó
Abstract Automatic detection of tissue types on whole-slide images (WSI) is an important task in computational histopathology that can be solved with convolutional neural networks (CNN) with high accuracy. However, the black-box nature of CNNs rightfully raises concerns about using them for this task. In this paper, we reformulate the task of tissue type detection to multiple binary classification problems to simplify the justification of model decisions. We propose an adapted Bag-of-local-Features interpretable CNN for solving this problem, which we train on eight newly introduced binary tissue classification datasets. The performance of the model is evaluated simultaneously with its decision-making process using logit heatmaps. Our model achieves better performance than its non-interpretable counterparts, while also being able to provide human-readable justification for decisions. Furthermore, the problem of data scarcity in computational histopathology is accounted for by using data augmentation techniques to improve both the performance and even the validity of model decisions. The source code and binary datasets can be accessed at: https://github.com/galigergergo/BolFTissueDetect.
摘要:全切片图像(WSI)上组织类型的自动检测是计算组织病理学中的一个重要任务,卷积神经网络(CNN)可以高精度地解决这一问题。然而,cnn的黑盒子特性合理地引发了人们对使用它们来完成这项任务的担忧。在本文中,我们将组织类型检测的任务重新表述为多个二值分类问题,以简化模型决策的证明。我们提出了一种自适应的local- feature bag - interpretable CNN来解决这个问题,我们在8个新引入的二值组织分类数据集上进行训练。利用logit热图对模型的性能和决策过程进行同步评估。我们的模型比不可解释的模型实现了更好的性能,同时也能够为决策提供人类可读的理由。此外,通过使用数据增强技术来提高模型决策的性能甚至有效性,可以解决计算组织病理学中数据稀缺的问题。源代码和二进制数据集可以访问:https://github.com/galigergergo/BolFTissueDetect。
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引用次数: 0
Hourly electricity price forecast for short-and long-term, using deep neural networks 利用深度神经网络进行短期和长期的小时电价预测
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ausi-2022-0013
Gergely Dombi, T. Dulai
Abstract Despite the practical importance of accurate long-term electricity price forecast with high resolution - and the significant need for that - only small percentage of the tremendous papers on energy price forecast attempted to target this topic. Its reason can be the high volatility of electricity prices and the hidden – and often unpredictable – relations with its influencing factors. In our research, we performed different experiments to predicate hourly Hungarian electricity prices using deep neural networks, for short-term and long-term, too. During this work, investigations were made to compare the results of different network structures and to determine the effect of some environmental factors (meteorologic data and date/time - beside the historical electricity prices). Our results were promising, mostly for short-term forecasts - especially by using a deep neural network with one ConvLSTM encoder.
尽管高分辨率、准确的长期电价预测具有重要的现实意义,而且对这方面的需求也很大,但在大量关于能源价格预测的论文中,只有一小部分试图针对这一主题进行研究。其原因可能是电力价格的高波动性及其影响因素之间隐藏的(往往是不可预测的)关系。在我们的研究中,我们进行了不同的实验,使用深度神经网络来预测匈牙利每小时的电价,包括短期和长期的。在这项工作中,我们进行了调查,比较了不同网络结构的结果,并确定了一些环境因素(气象数据和日期/时间-除了历史电价)的影响。我们的结果很有希望,主要用于短期预测——特别是通过使用带有一个ConvLSTM编码器的深度神经网络。
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引用次数: 0
Computational complexity of network vulnerability analysis 网络漏洞分析的计算复杂度
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ausi-2022-0012
M. Berberler
Abstract Residual closeness is recently proposed as a vulnerability measure to characterize the stability of complex networks. Residual closeness is essential in the analysis of complex networks, but costly to compute. Currently, the fastest known algorithms run in polynomial time. Motivated by the fast-growing need to compute vulnerability measures on complex networks, new algorithms for computing node and edge residual closeness are introduced in this paper. Those proposed algorithms reduce the running times to Θ(n3) and Θ (n4) on unweighted networks, respectively, where n is the number of nodes.
残差接近度作为一种表征复杂网络稳定性的脆弱性度量近来被提出。残差接近度在复杂网络分析中是必不可少的,但计算成本很高。目前,已知最快的算法在多项式时间内运行。针对复杂网络中脆弱性度量计算需求的快速增长,本文提出了计算节点和边缘残差接近度的新算法。这些算法在未加权网络上的运行时间分别减少到Θ(n3)和Θ(n4),其中n为节点数。
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引用次数: 0
Rendering automatic bokeh recommendation engine for photos using deep learning algorithm 使用深度学习算法为照片绘制自动散景推荐引擎
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ausi-2022-0015
Rakesh Kumar, Meenu Gupta, Jaismeen, Shreya Dhanta, Nishant Kumar Pathak, Yukti Vivek, Ayush Sharma, Deepak, Gaurav Ramola, S. Velusamy
Abstract Automatic bokeh is one of the smartphone’s essential photography effects. This effect enhances the quality of the image where the subject background gets out of focus by providing a soft (i.e., diverse) background. Most smartphones have a single rear camera that is lacking to provide which effects need to be applied to which kind of images. To do the same, smartphones depend on different software to generate the bokeh effect on images. Blur, Color-point, Zoom, Spin, Big Bokeh, Color Picker, Low-key, High-Key, and Silhouette are the popular bokeh effects. With this wide range of bokeh types available, it is difficult for the user to choose a suitable effect for their images. Deep Learning (DL) models (i.e., MobileNetV2, InceptionV3, and VGG16) are used in this work to recommend high-quality bokeh effects for images. Four thousand five hundred images are collected from online resources such as Google images, Unsplash, and Kaggle to examine the model performance. 85% accuracy has been achieved for recommending different bokeh effects using the proposed model MobileNetV2, which exceeds many of the existing models.
自动散景是智能手机必不可少的摄影效果之一。这种效果通过提供一个柔和的(即多样化的)背景来增强被摄主体背景失焦的图像质量。大多数智能手机都有一个后置摄像头,缺乏提供哪种效果需要应用于哪种图像的功能。为了做到这一点,智能手机依靠不同的软件来生成图像的散景效果。模糊、色点、变焦、旋转、大散景、选色器、低调、高调和剪影是流行的散景效果。有了如此广泛的散景类型,用户很难为他们的图像选择合适的效果。在这项工作中使用深度学习(DL)模型(即MobileNetV2, InceptionV3和VGG16)来推荐高质量的图像散景效果。从谷歌images、Unsplash和Kaggle等在线资源中收集4500张图像,以检查模型的性能。使用所提出的模型MobileNetV2推荐不同散景效果的准确率达到85%,超过了许多现有模型。
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引用次数: 0
Bounds on Nirmala energy of graphs 图的Nirmala能的界
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ausi-2022-0017
N. Yalçın
Abstract The Nirmala matrix of a graph and its energy have recently defined. In this paper, we establish some features of the Nirmala eigenvalues. Then we propose various bounds on the Nirmala spectral radius and energy. Moreover, we derive a bound on the Nirmala energy including graph energy and maximum vertex degree.
图的Nirmala矩阵及其能量最近得到了定义。本文建立了Nirmala特征值的一些特征。然后提出了Nirmala谱半径和能量的各种边界。此外,我们还导出了包含图能量和最大顶点度的Nirmala能量的一个界。
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引用次数: 0
A two-stage U-net approach to brain tumor segmentation from multi-spectral MRI records 基于多谱MRI记录的两阶段U-net脑肿瘤分割方法
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ausi-2022-0014
Ágnes Győrfi, L. Kovács, L. Szilágyi
Abstract The automated segmentation of brain tissues and lesions represents a widely investigated research topic. The Brain Tumor Segmentation Challenges (BraTS) organized yearly since 2012 provided standard training and testing data and a unified evaluation framework to the research community, which provoked an intensification in this research field. This paper proposes a solution to the brain tumor segmentation problem, which is built upon the U-net architecture that is very popular in medical imaging. The proposed procedure involves two identical, cascaded U-net networks with 3D convolution. The first stage produces an initial segmentation of a brain volume, while the second stage applies a post-processing based on the labels provided by the first stage. In the first U-net based classification, each pixel is characterized by the four observed features (T1, T2, T1c, and FLAIR), while the second identical U-net works with four features extracted from the volumetric neighborhood of the pixels, representing the ratio of pixels with positive initial labeling within the neighborhood. Statistical accuracy indexes are employed to evaluate the initial and final segmentation of each MRI record. Tests based on BraTS 2019 training data set led to average Dice scores over 87%. The postprocessing step can increase the average Dice scores by 0.5%, it improves more those volumes whose initial segmentation was less successful.
脑组织和病变的自动分割是一个被广泛研究的研究课题。自2012年起,每年举办的脑肿瘤分割挑战(BraTS)为研究界提供了标准的培训和测试数据以及统一的评估框架,促使该领域的研究得到加强。本文提出了一种基于医学成像中非常流行的U-net架构的脑肿瘤分割方案。所提出的程序涉及两个具有三维卷积的相同级联U-net网络。第一阶段生成脑容量的初始分割,而第二阶段基于第一阶段提供的标签进行后处理。在第一个基于U-net的分类中,每个像素由四个观测特征(T1, T2, T1c和FLAIR)表征,而第二个相同的U-net使用从像素的体积邻域提取的四个特征,表示邻域中具有正初始标记的像素的比例。采用统计精度指标评价每条MRI记录的初始和最终分割。基于BraTS 2019训练数据集的测试导致Dice的平均得分超过87%。后处理步骤可以将Dice的平均分数提高0.5%,对于那些初始分割不太成功的卷,它可以提高更多。
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引用次数: 0
Experiments with holographic associative memory 全息联想记忆实验
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ausi-2022-0010
G. Román
Abstract We reiterate the theoretical basics of holographic associative memory, and conduct two experiments. During the first experiment, we teach the system many associations, while during the second experiment, we teach it only one association. In both cases, the recalling capability of the system is examined from different aspects.
摘要我们重申了全息联想记忆的理论基础,并进行了两个实验。在第一个实验中,我们教系统许多联想,而在第二个实验中,我们只教它一个联想。在这两种情况下,从不同的角度考察了系统的召回能力。
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引用次数: 0
A feature selection strategy using Markov clustering, for the optimization of brain tumor segmentation from MRI data 一种基于马尔可夫聚类的特征选择策略,用于从MRI数据中优化脑肿瘤分割
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ausi-2022-0018
Ioan-Marius Pisak-Lukáts, L. Kovács, Szilágyi László
Abstract The automatic segmentation of medical images stands at the basis of modern medical diagnosis, therapy planning and follow-up studies after interventions. The accuracy of the segmentation is a key element in assisting the work of the physician, but the efficiency of the process is also relevant. This paper introduces a feature selection strategy that attempts to define reduced feature sets for ensemble learning methods employed in brain tumor segmentation based on MRI data such a way that the segmentation outcome hardly suffers any damage. Initially, the full set of observed and generated features are deployed in ensemble training and prediction on testing data, which provide us information on all couples of features from the full feature set. The extracted pairwise data is fed to a Markov clustering (MCL) algorithm, which uses a graph structure to characterize the relation between features. MCL produces connected subgraphs that are totally separated from each other. The largest such subgraph defines the group of features which are selected for evaluation. The proposed technique is evaluated using the high-grade and low-grade tumor records of the training dataset of the BraTS 2019 challenge, in an ensemble learning framework relying on binary decision trees. The proposed method can reduce the set of features to 30%ofits initial size without losing anything in terms of segmentation accuracy, significantly contributing to the efficiency of the segmentation process. A detailed comparison of the full set of 104 features and the reduced set of 41 features is provided, with special attention to highly discriminative and redundant features within the MRI data.
医学图像的自动分割是现代医学诊断、治疗计划和干预后随访研究的基础。分割的准确性是协助医生工作的关键因素,但该过程的效率也是相关的。本文介绍了一种特征选择策略,该策略试图为基于MRI数据的脑肿瘤分割中使用的集成学习方法定义约简特征集,从而使分割结果几乎不受任何损害。最初,完整的观察和生成的特征集被部署在测试数据的集成训练和预测中,这为我们提供了来自完整特征集的所有特征对的信息。将提取的成对数据输入到马尔可夫聚类(MCL)算法中,该算法使用图结构来表征特征之间的关系。MCL产生相互完全分离的连通子图。最大的子图定义了选择用于评估的特征组。在基于二叉决策树的集成学习框架中,使用BraTS 2019挑战赛训练数据集的高级别和低级别肿瘤记录对所提出的技术进行了评估。该方法可以在不影响分割精度的前提下将特征集缩小到初始大小的30%,显著提高了分割过程的效率。提供了完整的104个特征集和简化的41个特征集的详细比较,特别注意MRI数据中的高度判别和冗余特征。
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引用次数: 0
Investigating the AlgoRythmics YouTube channel: the Comment Term Frequency Comparison social media analytics method 调查YouTube频道的算法:评论词频率比较社交媒体分析方法
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ausi-2022-0016
Pálma Rozália Osztián, Z. Kátai, Ágnes Sántha, Erika Osztián
Abstract In this paper we investigate the comments from the AlgoRythmics YouTube channel using the Comment Term Frequency Comparison social media analytics method. Comment Term Frequency Comparison can be a useful tool to understand how a social media platform, such as a Youtube channel is being discussed by users and to identify opportunities to engage with the audience. Understanding viewer opinions and reactions to a video, identifying trends and patterns in the way people are discussing a particular topic, and measuring the effectiveness of a video in achieving its intended goals is one of the most important points of view for a channel to develop. Youtube comment analytics can be a valuable tool looking to understand how the AlgoRythmics channel videos are being received by viewers and to identify opportunities for improvement. Our study focuses on the importance of user feedback based on ten algorithm visualization videos from the AlgoRythmics channel. In order to find evidence how our channel works and new ideas to improve we used the so-called comment term frequency comparison social media analytics method to investigate the main characteristics of user feedback. We analyzed the comments using both Youtube Studio Analytics and Mozdeh Big Data Analysis tool.
摘要本文采用评论词频比较社交媒体分析方法对算法YouTube频道的评论进行了研究。评论术语频率比较是一种有用的工具,可以帮助我们了解用户如何讨论社交媒体平台(如Youtube频道),并识别与受众互动的机会。了解观众对视频的意见和反应,确定人们讨论特定主题的趋势和模式,以及衡量视频在实现预期目标方面的有效性,是频道发展的最重要的观点之一。Youtube评论分析是一个很有价值的工具,它可以帮助我们了解AlgoRythmics频道视频是如何被观众接受的,并找到改进的机会。我们的研究集中在用户反馈的重要性基于十个算法可视化视频从算法频道。为了找到我们的渠道如何运作的证据和改进的新思路,我们使用了所谓的评论词频率比较社交媒体分析方法来调查用户反馈的主要特征。我们使用Youtube Studio Analytics和Mozdeh大数据分析工具对评论进行了分析。
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引用次数: 0
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Acta Universitatis Sapientiae Informatica
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