Inkjet printer offers an attractive feature set that fits well to the consumer’s needs at the low-end color hardcopy market. Better performance at the lower cost is and will always be the driving force for the future product development. In this paper, we presented an integrated approach to the design and control of the media advance system in thermal inkjet printers. Using H∞ analysis and synthesis approach, the effects of design tolerance and system disturbance on the achievable performance is characterized. We will use the media advance system of thermal inkjet printers to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The benefit of using an integrated design and control approach will also be discussed.
{"title":"Integrated Design and Control of Media Advance System for Thermal Inkjet Printers","authors":"Cheng-Yi Chen, G. Chiu, C. Cheng","doi":"10.1115/imece1998-0208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0208","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Inkjet printer offers an attractive feature set that fits well to the consumer’s needs at the low-end color hardcopy market. Better performance at the lower cost is and will always be the driving force for the future product development. In this paper, we presented an integrated approach to the design and control of the media advance system in thermal inkjet printers. Using H∞ analysis and synthesis approach, the effects of design tolerance and system disturbance on the achievable performance is characterized. We will use the media advance system of thermal inkjet printers to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The benefit of using an integrated design and control approach will also be discussed.","PeriodicalId":414918,"journal":{"name":"9th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124426282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The foil bearing problem describes a longitudinally translating, flexible, tensioned, magnetic tape that rides on a thin film of air as it partially wraps around a stationary recording head. Equilibrium and linear, harmonic vibration analyses of the one dimensional formulation of this problem are performed using matched asymptotic expansions including the effects of tape bending stiffness, compressibility, and molecular slip as regular perturbations. Simple analytic expressions are derived for the nominal film thickness and the vibration frequencies of the free spans. These expressions give designers sharper insight into the usefulness of potential design changes that normally would be evaluated using extensive numerical computations.
{"title":"Solution of the One Dimensional Foil Bearing Problem Using Matched Asymptotic Expansions","authors":"A. A. Renshaw","doi":"10.1115/imece1998-0206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0206","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The foil bearing problem describes a longitudinally translating, flexible, tensioned, magnetic tape that rides on a thin film of air as it partially wraps around a stationary recording head. Equilibrium and linear, harmonic vibration analyses of the one dimensional formulation of this problem are performed using matched asymptotic expansions including the effects of tape bending stiffness, compressibility, and molecular slip as regular perturbations. Simple analytic expressions are derived for the nominal film thickness and the vibration frequencies of the free spans. These expressions give designers sharper insight into the usefulness of potential design changes that normally would be evaluated using extensive numerical computations.","PeriodicalId":414918,"journal":{"name":"9th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133247213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents forced vibration of a rotating disk/spindle system with hydrodynamic bearings (HDB). The system consists of multiple elastic disks clamped on a rigid spindle, which spins at constant speed and performs infinitesimal rigid-body translation and rocking. The spindle is mounted on a flexible, stationary shaft through radial and thrust HDB’s. In addition, the disk/spindle system is subjected to two types of excitations: concentrated force excitations and base excitations. Moreover, the base excitations consist of an in-plane and an angular component. Equations of motion are derived through Lagrange equations and discretized in terms of spindle rocking, spindle translation, disk eigenmodes, and shaft eigenmodes. Transfer functions and transient response of the system are obtained by using Laplace transform and Green’s functions. As an example, both frequency response functions (FRF) and shock response of a hydro-spindle subject to in-plane and angular base excitations are presented numerically. Typical FRF presents resonances of a half-speed whirl and two pairs of rocking modes. To verify the mathematical model, theoretical predictions of FRF and shock response are compared with experimental measurements. The close agreement of the results validates the mathematical model of the disk/spindle system.
{"title":"Forced Vibration of a Disk/Spindle System With Hydrodynamic Bearings","authors":"T. Jintanawan, I. Shen","doi":"10.1115/imece1998-0209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0209","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper presents forced vibration of a rotating disk/spindle system with hydrodynamic bearings (HDB). The system consists of multiple elastic disks clamped on a rigid spindle, which spins at constant speed and performs infinitesimal rigid-body translation and rocking. The spindle is mounted on a flexible, stationary shaft through radial and thrust HDB’s. In addition, the disk/spindle system is subjected to two types of excitations: concentrated force excitations and base excitations. Moreover, the base excitations consist of an in-plane and an angular component. Equations of motion are derived through Lagrange equations and discretized in terms of spindle rocking, spindle translation, disk eigenmodes, and shaft eigenmodes. Transfer functions and transient response of the system are obtained by using Laplace transform and Green’s functions. As an example, both frequency response functions (FRF) and shock response of a hydro-spindle subject to in-plane and angular base excitations are presented numerically. Typical FRF presents resonances of a half-speed whirl and two pairs of rocking modes. To verify the mathematical model, theoretical predictions of FRF and shock response are compared with experimental measurements. The close agreement of the results validates the mathematical model of the disk/spindle system.","PeriodicalId":414918,"journal":{"name":"9th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130529190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As magnetic tape or other web-like material is wound onto a roll, air moving with the incoming stream and the roll becomes forced into the converging wedge at the stream’s point of tangency. The spiral-shaped air bearing so formed can extend many wraps into the roll’s interior. When the roll is subsequently brought to rest, the entrained air discharges from it, and the roll’s radius gradually decreases until all adjacent tape layers have come into direct contact. In the present paper, a model is developed for this transient discharge process, and for the rate at which the roll stabilizes following steady-state winding. Predictions of the model are compared with results from laboratory experiments in which the roll’s radius is measured through laser interferometry during the steady entrainment, and transient discharge, stages of winding. Parametric effects of the tape’s tension, speed, width, and surface roughness are specifically addressed with a view towards reducing the time required for the roll to stabilize.
{"title":"Transient Discharge of Entrained Air From a Wound Roll","authors":"M. Keshavan, J. Wickert","doi":"10.1115/1.2791915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2791915","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As magnetic tape or other web-like material is wound onto a roll, air moving with the incoming stream and the roll becomes forced into the converging wedge at the stream’s point of tangency. The spiral-shaped air bearing so formed can extend many wraps into the roll’s interior. When the roll is subsequently brought to rest, the entrained air discharges from it, and the roll’s radius gradually decreases until all adjacent tape layers have come into direct contact. In the present paper, a model is developed for this transient discharge process, and for the rate at which the roll stabilizes following steady-state winding. Predictions of the model are compared with results from laboratory experiments in which the roll’s radius is measured through laser interferometry during the steady entrainment, and transient discharge, stages of winding. Parametric effects of the tape’s tension, speed, width, and surface roughness are specifically addressed with a view towards reducing the time required for the roll to stabilize.","PeriodicalId":414918,"journal":{"name":"9th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114735869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surface topography of a magnetic disk is one of the key parameters to determine safe fly height in a hard disk drive. In order to quantify the flying capability of the disk surface, glide avalanche is a useful parameter because it is the parameter which indicates the height of the surface topography from the mean surface below which a head can not fly without contacts. The avalanche is regarded as the floor of the disk surface intrinsically defined by the surface finish during disk production. The glide height is set at higher level than the avalanche and usually limited by isolated defects or contamination on the surface. Because of this direct couple between glide avalanche and the disk surface finish, the measurement and prediction of the glide avalanche are very important. In this paper, we discuss the importance of fly height characterization of a glide head and the relationship between disk surface topography and its avalanche. We propose a simple yet versatile model based on a composite roughness, which can be applied to a polished surface and to a textured contact start/stop zone including laser bumps.
{"title":"Prediction of Glide Avalanche Based on Composite Roughness","authors":"S. Suzuki","doi":"10.1115/imece1998-0205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0205","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Surface topography of a magnetic disk is one of the key parameters to determine safe fly height in a hard disk drive. In order to quantify the flying capability of the disk surface, glide avalanche is a useful parameter because it is the parameter which indicates the height of the surface topography from the mean surface below which a head can not fly without contacts. The avalanche is regarded as the floor of the disk surface intrinsically defined by the surface finish during disk production. The glide height is set at higher level than the avalanche and usually limited by isolated defects or contamination on the surface. Because of this direct couple between glide avalanche and the disk surface finish, the measurement and prediction of the glide avalanche are very important. In this paper, we discuss the importance of fly height characterization of a glide head and the relationship between disk surface topography and its avalanche. We propose a simple yet versatile model based on a composite roughness, which can be applied to a polished surface and to a textured contact start/stop zone including laser bumps.","PeriodicalId":414918,"journal":{"name":"9th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133164915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The depletion and retention characteristics of magnetic thin film rigid disks coated with PFPE lubricants and X1P additive were investigated in this study. The tribological performance was evaluated by a drag test with a waffle head sliding against the disk that was designed to mechanically wear out the lubricant layer. An IR beam was aligned on the test track to directly measure the amount of PFPE lubricants and X1P left on the media surfaces for determining the depletion and retention characteristics of the lubricants. The test results show that under ambient and hot/wet (60°C/80%RH) conditions the media coated with AM3001 have higher retention ratio on the test track than those coated with ZDOL2000. After the head sliding for 100 hours, about 40% AM3001 still remains on the test track, while almost no ZDOL2000 left. However, the X1P was observed to strongly anchor on the surface and not wear out as PFPE lubricants did. The retention characteristics of X1P are independent of lube combination, either AM or ZDOL lubricants. The data indicate that more than 60% of the original X1P remains on the test track under all test conditions. The remaining X1P is quite stable and does not decrease as the drag test time increases during the latter test stage. It is demonstrated that X1P exhibits a good antiwear property and excellent retention performance.
{"title":"The Depletion and Retention Characteristics of PFPE Lubricants and X1P on Magnetic Media","authors":"C. Jiaa, Youming Liu","doi":"10.1115/imece1998-0214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0214","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The depletion and retention characteristics of magnetic thin film rigid disks coated with PFPE lubricants and X1P additive were investigated in this study. The tribological performance was evaluated by a drag test with a waffle head sliding against the disk that was designed to mechanically wear out the lubricant layer. An IR beam was aligned on the test track to directly measure the amount of PFPE lubricants and X1P left on the media surfaces for determining the depletion and retention characteristics of the lubricants. The test results show that under ambient and hot/wet (60°C/80%RH) conditions the media coated with AM3001 have higher retention ratio on the test track than those coated with ZDOL2000. After the head sliding for 100 hours, about 40% AM3001 still remains on the test track, while almost no ZDOL2000 left. However, the X1P was observed to strongly anchor on the surface and not wear out as PFPE lubricants did. The retention characteristics of X1P are independent of lube combination, either AM or ZDOL lubricants. The data indicate that more than 60% of the original X1P remains on the test track under all test conditions. The remaining X1P is quite stable and does not decrease as the drag test time increases during the latter test stage. It is demonstrated that X1P exhibits a good antiwear property and excellent retention performance.","PeriodicalId":414918,"journal":{"name":"9th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems","volume":"141-142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132885845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent trends and the effect of mechanical vibrations in optical disk drives are reviewed in this paper. The transition from CD drives to high density DVD drives and the development of writable optical disk drives require tighter mechanical tolerance. The demand for faster access time and higher data transfer rate also leads to critical mechanical problems to limit the tracking and focusing servo performances. The current mechanical issues in the optical disk drives and various technologies to overcome the mechanical problems are introduced. Vibrations of disk-spindle system, actuator and suspension designs of the optical pick-up, and general mechanical designs for the fast and stable access mechanism are considered.
{"title":"Trends and Mechanical Issues in Optical Disk Drives","authors":"Seung-Yop Lee, Sookyung Kim","doi":"10.1115/imece1998-0211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0211","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Recent trends and the effect of mechanical vibrations in optical disk drives are reviewed in this paper. The transition from CD drives to high density DVD drives and the development of writable optical disk drives require tighter mechanical tolerance. The demand for faster access time and higher data transfer rate also leads to critical mechanical problems to limit the tracking and focusing servo performances. The current mechanical issues in the optical disk drives and various technologies to overcome the mechanical problems are introduced. Vibrations of disk-spindle system, actuator and suspension designs of the optical pick-up, and general mechanical designs for the fast and stable access mechanism are considered.","PeriodicalId":414918,"journal":{"name":"9th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems","volume":"441 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133108105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The continuing magnetic disk drive storage industry goals of higher recorded data densities will require increases in tracks per inch (TPI) which will ultimately demand changes in designs/or materials. Rotary actuators represent one application whose configuration and material composition can influence disk drive performance through projected enhancements in tracking accuracy. Ceramic-metal composites allow specific component geometries to be altered to take advantage of the new material properties. This synergistic approach to design and materials allows a much greater improvement to the mechanical performance of actuator components than either material or design substitution alone would allow. This work describes both the fabrication of Aluminum-Boron Carbide reacted metal matrix materials and their practical implementation with specific design strategies developed through numerical models to achieve high performance head/suspension/actuator structure assemblies. Improvements in the overall frequency response behavior of the head support structure are contrasted with equivalent example configurations of conventional materials through simulations which have been experimentally verified.
{"title":"Design and Material Synergy for High-Performance Actuator Components","authors":"J. Adley, M. Jones, S. Stole, D. Perettie, R. Fox","doi":"10.1115/imece1998-0202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0202","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The continuing magnetic disk drive storage industry goals of higher recorded data densities will require increases in tracks per inch (TPI) which will ultimately demand changes in designs/or materials. Rotary actuators represent one application whose configuration and material composition can influence disk drive performance through projected enhancements in tracking accuracy. Ceramic-metal composites allow specific component geometries to be altered to take advantage of the new material properties. This synergistic approach to design and materials allows a much greater improvement to the mechanical performance of actuator components than either material or design substitution alone would allow. This work describes both the fabrication of Aluminum-Boron Carbide reacted metal matrix materials and their practical implementation with specific design strategies developed through numerical models to achieve high performance head/suspension/actuator structure assemblies. Improvements in the overall frequency response behavior of the head support structure are contrasted with equivalent example configurations of conventional materials through simulations which have been experimentally verified.","PeriodicalId":414918,"journal":{"name":"9th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130419668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chun-Ho Michael Mok, R. Bickel, Mitsuhide Saitoh, Hiroaki Okuya
It is important to provide good tracking for a hard disk drive actuator, since good tracking can allow us to minimize the track pitch and thus increase the data storage capacity of a hard disk drive. Repeatable disturbances, such as disk vibration, and non-repeatable disturbances, such as shocks, are major problems in tracking control of a hard disk drive. It has been shown that a combination of a disturbance observer and a repetitive controller can effectively solve these two problems. In this research, these two controllers are implemented on a real computer hard disk drive, and design of the disturbance observer is emphasized.
{"title":"Implementing Both a Disturbance Observer and a Repetitive Controller for Track Following in a HDD With Emphasis on the Disturbance Observer Design","authors":"Chun-Ho Michael Mok, R. Bickel, Mitsuhide Saitoh, Hiroaki Okuya","doi":"10.1115/imece1998-0203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0203","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 It is important to provide good tracking for a hard disk drive actuator, since good tracking can allow us to minimize the track pitch and thus increase the data storage capacity of a hard disk drive. Repeatable disturbances, such as disk vibration, and non-repeatable disturbances, such as shocks, are major problems in tracking control of a hard disk drive. It has been shown that a combination of a disturbance observer and a repetitive controller can effectively solve these two problems. In this research, these two controllers are implemented on a real computer hard disk drive, and design of the disturbance observer is emphasized.","PeriodicalId":414918,"journal":{"name":"9th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134020353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We have developed a new type of paper handling mechanism to adjust skew and shift which may cause paper jam. The developed mechanism is compact, highspeed, highly robust, and capable of in-process adjustment of large skew and shift. Until now, in order to adjust skew and shift in-process, the conventional adjusting mechanism is able to adjust either skew or shift and even if it is able to adjust both, it does not have sufficient reliability. To solve this problem, the proposed mechanism uses a ball-actuator as an adjusting mechanism. By clipping paper by two free rotating balls and controlling the ball rotation, the developed mechanism is able to control skew and shift of clipped paper. We estimated performance of the developed mechanism and concluded that it is possible to construct an adjusting mechanism to meet the skew and shift requirements.
{"title":"Development of In-Process Skew and Shift Adjusting Mechanism for Paper Handling","authors":"Satoshi Shirasawa, H. Otsuki","doi":"10.1115/imece1998-0204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0204","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We have developed a new type of paper handling mechanism to adjust skew and shift which may cause paper jam. The developed mechanism is compact, highspeed, highly robust, and capable of in-process adjustment of large skew and shift. Until now, in order to adjust skew and shift in-process, the conventional adjusting mechanism is able to adjust either skew or shift and even if it is able to adjust both, it does not have sufficient reliability. To solve this problem, the proposed mechanism uses a ball-actuator as an adjusting mechanism. By clipping paper by two free rotating balls and controlling the ball rotation, the developed mechanism is able to control skew and shift of clipped paper. We estimated performance of the developed mechanism and concluded that it is possible to construct an adjusting mechanism to meet the skew and shift requirements.","PeriodicalId":414918,"journal":{"name":"9th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122990461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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