F. T. Moroni, Antocirc, nio Cesar Ortega, R. Moroni, Brice Mayag, R. S. Jesus, E. Lessi
Domestication of native species is essential to development aquaculture. However, complete information on criteria used to categorize fish native species is little available and scarce. The objective of this work is to perform narrative review, critically evaluating the problem to selection of amazonian armoured catfish named acari-bodo (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) as candidate species for aquaculture, assigning this fish species into three criteria (market; economic and biological) to apply multicriteria decision analysis methodology for multiple decision makers (fish farmers, researchers, government). The limitations in decision context and possibilities for domestication of the P. pardalis are discussed. Key words: Fish farming, aquaculture, Pterygoplichthys pardalis, native species, multicriteria decision analysis, Amazonia, Brazil.
{"title":"Limitations in decision context for selection of amazonian armoured catfish acari-bod (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) as candidate species for aquaculture","authors":"F. T. Moroni, Antocirc, nio Cesar Ortega, R. Moroni, Brice Mayag, R. S. Jesus, E. Lessi","doi":"10.5897/IJFA15.0480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJFA15.0480","url":null,"abstract":"Domestication of native species is essential to development aquaculture. However, complete information on criteria used to categorize fish native species is little available and scarce. The objective of this work is to perform narrative review, critically evaluating the problem to selection of amazonian armoured catfish named acari-bodo (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) as candidate species for aquaculture, assigning this fish species into three criteria (market; economic and biological) to apply multicriteria decision analysis methodology for multiple decision makers (fish farmers, researchers, government). The limitations in decision context and possibilities for domestication of the P. pardalis are discussed. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Fish farming, aquaculture, Pterygoplichthys pardalis, native species, multicriteria decision analysis, Amazonia, Brazil.","PeriodicalId":415026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127423437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ibrahim, S. Olayimika, J. Oyero, T. Yisa, S. Ibrahim, U. Yakubu
This study was conducted to determine and compare the suitability and efficiency of wood wastes (sawdust and wood shavings) as alternative energy sources to fuel wood in fish smoking with a view to enhancing optimal utilization of the wood resource. Fish samples collected were smoked with fuel wood, sawdust and wood shavings using Kainji portable smoking kiln. Proximate compositions of the samples were determined and the results subjected to statistical analysis using One-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA). Except their moisture contents, the samples were not significantly different (p>0.05) in crude protein lipid and ash contents. The samples were also not significantly different (p>0.05) in their sensory properties. However, the Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) recorded were 7.40, 17.14 and 8.57 kg/kg of fresh fish smoked with fuel wood, sawdust and wood shavings at the costs of ₦284.49k, (1.43 USD) ₦145.57k (0.73 USD) and ₦67.31k (0.34 USD), respectively. The time spent to smoke 1 kg of fish with the various wood materials gave the following results: fuel wood 242 min, sawdust 960 min and wood shaving 363 min. It was therefore, concluded that both wood shavings and sawdust could efficiently be used as alternatives to fuel wood in fish smoking. Although a better result was obtained with wood shavings in terms of higher combustion rate and smoking duration. Nevertheless, the recommendation focused on the need to consider the alternative in sawdust and wood shavings in smoking fish so as to optimize the utilization of the wood resource reduces energy scarcity and promote environmental friendly practice in waste management. Key words: Optimal, utilization, wood waste, alternative, smoking.
{"title":"A study of optimal utilization of wood resource through alternative use of wood waste in fish smoking","authors":"A. Ibrahim, S. Olayimika, J. Oyero, T. Yisa, S. Ibrahim, U. Yakubu","doi":"10.5897/IJFA14.0466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJFA14.0466","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine and compare the suitability and efficiency of wood wastes (sawdust and wood shavings) as alternative energy sources to fuel wood in fish smoking with a view to enhancing optimal utilization of the wood resource. Fish samples collected were smoked with fuel wood, sawdust and wood shavings using Kainji portable smoking kiln. Proximate compositions of the samples were determined and the results subjected to statistical analysis using One-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA). Except their moisture contents, the samples were not significantly different (p>0.05) in crude protein lipid and ash contents. The samples were also not significantly different (p>0.05) in their sensory properties. However, the Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) recorded were 7.40, 17.14 and 8.57 kg/kg of fresh fish smoked with fuel wood, sawdust and wood shavings at the costs of ₦284.49k, (1.43 USD) ₦145.57k (0.73 USD) and ₦67.31k (0.34 USD), respectively. The time spent to smoke 1 kg of fish with the various wood materials gave the following results: fuel wood 242 min, sawdust 960 min and wood shaving 363 min. It was therefore, concluded that both wood shavings and sawdust could efficiently be used as alternatives to fuel wood in fish smoking. Although a better result was obtained with wood shavings in terms of higher combustion rate and smoking duration. Nevertheless, the recommendation focused on the need to consider the alternative in sawdust and wood shavings in smoking fish so as to optimize the utilization of the wood resource reduces energy scarcity and promote environmental friendly practice in waste management. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Optimal, utilization, wood waste, alternative, smoking.","PeriodicalId":415026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131408410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arapaima gigas, known as pirarucu, is one of the largest tropical freshwater fish and an icon fish species of the Amazon. Many studies on reproduction of A. gigas have been developed but a significant gap persists. To analyze the gene expression profile of A. gigas from wild stocks, four cDNA libraries from pituitary of young and adults of males and females were developed. Among the differentially expressed genes, 97 genes related to several physiological functions were identified, especially related to growth and reproduction. The main ones were activin receptor IIB, estrogen receptor, follistatin, growth hormone receptor isoform 1, luteinizing hormone receptor, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, prolactin receptor, somatostatin receptor type 1 subtypes A and B. Gene expression in A. gigas differs strongly between adult and young, but presents high similarity between male and female. EST collections obtained in this study represent an important resource to better understand the mechanisms involved in the growth, cell development, reproduction and sexual differentiation of this species. In addition, the present set of results contributes towards improvement of breeding management of this important fish species for world aquaculture. Key words: cDNA library, gene expression, Amazonia, pirarucu.
{"title":"Differentially expressed genes in the pituitary of the Amazonian fish Arapaima gigas","authors":"Marcos Prado-Lima, A. Val","doi":"10.5897/IJFA15.0473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJFA15.0473","url":null,"abstract":"Arapaima gigas, known as pirarucu, is one of the largest tropical freshwater fish and an icon fish species of the Amazon. Many studies on reproduction of A. gigas have been developed but a significant gap persists. To analyze the gene expression profile of A. gigas from wild stocks, four cDNA libraries from pituitary of young and adults of males and females were developed. Among the differentially expressed genes, 97 genes related to several physiological functions were identified, especially related to growth and reproduction. The main ones were activin receptor IIB, estrogen receptor, follistatin, growth hormone receptor isoform 1, luteinizing hormone receptor, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, prolactin receptor, somatostatin receptor type 1 subtypes A and B. Gene expression in A. gigas differs strongly between adult and young, but presents high similarity between male and female. EST collections obtained in this study represent an important resource to better understand the mechanisms involved in the growth, cell development, reproduction and sexual differentiation of this species. In addition, the present set of results contributes towards improvement of breeding management of this important fish species for world aquaculture. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: cDNA library, gene expression, Amazonia, pirarucu.","PeriodicalId":415026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126196741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several studies had been conducted on the nutritional requirements of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Nevertheless, currently there is a gap about the gross composition of feed ingredients required for formulation of commercial feeds. The aims of this feeding trial were to investigate whether fish fed four different commercial feeds have a significant growth rate and nutrient utilization. A total of 120 fish samples were stocked for a triplicate feeding trial (10 fish for each replication) in 4 separated tanks with 4 different feeds: Euro, Melick, Coppens and Durante (T1), (T2), (T3) and (T4) respectively. During all the trial, the water quality and growth parameters were determined according to standard methods and no significant differences were found among the water quality parameters determined. The mean weight gain (MWG) and specific growth rate of T3 were significantly higher than those of other treatments. Statistics showed that protein efficiency ratio (PER) of T3 was significantly higher than other treatments. Contrary to the above trend, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of T2 was significantly higher than other treatments. According to the results of this study, fish fed with Coppens feed showed a significant growth rate and nutrient utilization. Key words: Feeding trial, treatments, growth, nutrient utilization, commercial feeds.
{"title":"Nutrient utilization and growth of Clarias gariepinus fed four different commercial feeds","authors":"A. Oluyinka, A. Funmilola, F. Richards","doi":"10.5897/IJFA15.0486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJFA15.0486","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies had been conducted on the nutritional requirements of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Nevertheless, currently there is a gap about the gross composition of feed ingredients required for formulation of commercial feeds. The aims of this feeding trial were to investigate whether fish fed four different commercial feeds have a significant growth rate and nutrient utilization. A total of 120 fish samples were stocked for a triplicate feeding trial (10 fish for each replication) in 4 separated tanks with 4 different feeds: Euro, Melick, Coppens and Durante (T1), (T2), (T3) and (T4) respectively. During all the trial, the water quality and growth parameters were determined according to standard methods and no significant differences were found among the water quality parameters determined. The mean weight gain (MWG) and specific growth rate of T3 were significantly higher than those of other treatments. Statistics showed that protein efficiency ratio (PER) of T3 was significantly higher than other treatments. Contrary to the above trend, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of T2 was significantly higher than other treatments. According to the results of this study, fish fed with Coppens feed showed a significant growth rate and nutrient utilization. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Feeding trial, treatments, growth, nutrient utilization, commercial feeds.","PeriodicalId":415026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125476140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beach seine is known to be biologically and ecologically destructive. Over the years there have been increased concerns from fishery managers and stakeholders in West Africa and beyond to reduce this destruction of fish resources by the gear. Total bans for periods in the year or the use of a bigger mesh size (25 mm) at the cod end have been investigated. A covered cod end experiment was conducted in the nearshore waters at Tsokome near Accra (Ghana) during June and September 2012 to contribute to find a solution to the management problem posed by the gear. The temporal variability of effort, catch, species composition of the 10 mm and 25 mm cod ends; the gear selectivity; and the revenue of each bag were studied and compared. A total of 60 species belonging to 35 families was recorded. The four dominant taxonomic families were: Penaeidae, Carangidae, Haemulidae and Trichiuridae in order of importance. The selection factors were high and almost the same for the dominant species Brachydeuterus auritus, Chloroscombrus chrysurus and Peneaus notialis. This suggests the need to raise the Lc through adoption of increased mesh size regulation. The use of the 25 mm bag was 25% more financially rewarding than that of 10 mm bag. The 10 mm bag was found to catch species of smaller size. Educational programmes for all relevant stakeholders about the gains of using a bigger mesh size at the cod end and immediate strict enforcement of the relevant provisions of the Fisheries Law 2002, Act 625 of Ghana are among the recommendations to help save fish resources from further degradation. Key words: Beach seine gear, cod end, fish resource, fisheries management, gear selectivity, Ghana.
{"title":"Selectivity studies on beach seine deployed in nearshore waters near Accra, Ghana","authors":"K. E. Francis, Yao Mawulolo Azumah Dogbeda","doi":"10.5897/IJFA14.0458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJFA14.0458","url":null,"abstract":"Beach seine is known to be biologically and ecologically destructive. Over the years there have been increased concerns from fishery managers and stakeholders in West Africa and beyond to reduce this destruction of fish resources by the gear. Total bans for periods in the year or the use of a bigger mesh size (25 mm) at the cod end have been investigated. A covered cod end experiment was conducted in the nearshore waters at Tsokome near Accra (Ghana) during June and September 2012 to contribute to find a solution to the management problem posed by the gear. The temporal variability of effort, catch, species composition of the 10 mm and 25 mm cod ends; the gear selectivity; and the revenue of each bag were studied and compared. A total of 60 species belonging to 35 families was recorded. The four dominant taxonomic families were: Penaeidae, Carangidae, Haemulidae and Trichiuridae in order of importance. The selection factors were high and almost the same for the dominant species Brachydeuterus auritus, Chloroscombrus chrysurus and Peneaus notialis. This suggests the need to raise the Lc through adoption of increased mesh size regulation. The use of the 25 mm bag was 25% more financially rewarding than that of 10 mm bag. The 10 mm bag was found to catch species of smaller size. Educational programmes for all relevant stakeholders about the gains of using a bigger mesh size at the cod end and immediate strict enforcement of the relevant provisions of the Fisheries Law 2002, Act 625 of Ghana are among the recommendations to help save fish resources from further degradation. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Beach seine gear, cod end, fish resource, fisheries management, gear selectivity, Ghana.","PeriodicalId":415026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133987318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The influence of physicochemical properties of wetland, on its zooplankton composition and abundance were investigated for two years between February 2008 and January 2010. In both the years, total of 62 species of zooplankton were identified. At all the stations of the water body Rotifera recorded the highest percentage of 45% followed by cladocera (29%), Protozoa (13%), Copepoda and Ostracoda (8 and 4%) respectively. In terms of density, total zooplanktonic density during 1st year was 7395 Ind.l-1 that increased to 8543 Ind.l-1 in the 2nd year. In the first year, Copepoda (2 Ind.1-1 to 2415 Ind.1-1) constituted the largest group making up 63.41% of the zooplankton population density, this was followed by Cladocera (21.27%) with having numerical density ranges between (3 Ind.1-1 to546 Ind.1-1) and Rotifera group (14.15%) having a density varied from 2 to 207 Ind.1-1. The genus Bosmina (34.7%) dominated the Cladoceran group and Polyarthra and Brachionus (19.8 and 18.7%) recorded highest in terms of percentage among the Rotifera group, while as the genus Cyclops (51.5%) recorded the highest number among the Copepoda group and was also dominant genus among the zooplankton genera. During second year of study period, the Copepoda (70.08%) which had a density variation between 2 Ind.1-1 to 4491 Ind.1-1 and this was followed by Cladocera (18.67%) with numerical density ranges between 3 to 337 Ind.1-1 and Rotifera (9.08%) having density between 2 Ind.1-1 to 171 Ind.1-1. The genus Chydorus (21.1%) dominated the Cladoceran group and genus Lecane (22.0%) recorded highest in terms of percentage among the Rotifera group, while as the genus Cyclops (75.0%) recorded the highest number among the Copepoda group and was also dominant genus among the zooplankton genera. The water body is receiving domestic discharge leading to large amount of nutrient inputs and high amount of phosphate and nitrate in the water body indicates that water is eutrophic in nature. Key words: Zooplankton, abundance, diversity, Shannon –Weaver Index, Bhoj wetland.
2008年2月至2010年1月，研究了湿地的理化性质对其浮游动物组成和丰度的影响。在这两年中，共鉴定了62种浮游动物。在水体各监测点中，轮虫纲的比例最高，为45%，其次是枝类(29%)、原生动物(13%)、桡足类和介形虫类(8%和4%)。在密度方面，第1年浮游动物总密度为7395 Ind.l-1，第2年增至8543 Ind.l-1。第1年，桡足类(21 -1 ~ 2415 1-1)是最大的类群，占浮游动物种群密度的63.41%，其次是枝角目(21.27%)，密度在3 1-1 ~ 546 1-1之间，轮虫目(14.15%)密度在2 ~ 207 1-1之间。在轮虫目中，多节目和腕足目所占的比例分别为19.8%和18.7%;在桡足目中，独眼目所占的比例最高(51.5%)，也是浮游动物属中的优势属。第2年，桡足目(70.08%)密度变化在2 -1 ~ 4491 ind .1之间，其次是枝角目(18.67%)密度变化在3 - 337 ind .1之间，轮虫目(9.08%)密度变化在2 -1 ~ 171 ind .1之间。在轮虫纲中以壶虫属(21.1%)占多数，Lecane属(22.0%)占多数，而独眼虫属(75.0%)在桡足纲中占多数，也是浮游动物属中的优势属。水体接受生活排放，导致大量的养分输入，水体中磷酸盐和硝酸盐含量高，表明水体具有富营养化性质。关键词:浮游动物，丰度，多样性，Shannon -Weaver指数，Bhoj湿地
{"title":"Ecological investigation of zooplankton abundance in the Bhoj wetland, Bhopal of central India: Impact of environmental variables","authors":"N. A. Bhat, Rajni Rainaand, A. Wanganeo","doi":"10.5897/IJFA14.0431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJFA14.0431","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of physicochemical properties of wetland, on its zooplankton composition and abundance were investigated for two years between February 2008 and January 2010. In both the years, total of 62 species of zooplankton were identified. At all the stations of the water body Rotifera recorded the highest percentage of 45% followed by cladocera (29%), Protozoa (13%), Copepoda and Ostracoda (8 and 4%) respectively. In terms of density, total zooplanktonic density during 1st year was 7395 Ind.l-1 that increased to 8543 Ind.l-1 in the 2nd year. In the first year, Copepoda (2 Ind.1-1 to 2415 Ind.1-1) constituted the largest group making up 63.41% of the zooplankton population density, this was followed by Cladocera (21.27%) with having numerical density ranges between (3 Ind.1-1 to546 Ind.1-1) and Rotifera group (14.15%) having a density varied from 2 to 207 Ind.1-1. The genus Bosmina (34.7%) dominated the Cladoceran group and Polyarthra and Brachionus (19.8 and 18.7%) recorded highest in terms of percentage among the Rotifera group, while as the genus Cyclops (51.5%) recorded the highest number among the Copepoda group and was also dominant genus among the zooplankton genera. During second year of study period, the Copepoda (70.08%) which had a density variation between 2 Ind.1-1 to 4491 Ind.1-1 and this was followed by Cladocera (18.67%) with numerical density ranges between 3 to 337 Ind.1-1 and Rotifera (9.08%) having density between 2 Ind.1-1 to 171 Ind.1-1. The genus Chydorus (21.1%) dominated the Cladoceran group and genus Lecane (22.0%) recorded highest in terms of percentage among the Rotifera group, while as the genus Cyclops (75.0%) recorded the highest number among the Copepoda group and was also dominant genus among the zooplankton genera. The water body is receiving domestic discharge leading to large amount of nutrient inputs and high amount of phosphate and nitrate in the water body indicates that water is eutrophic in nature. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Zooplankton, abundance, diversity, Shannon –Weaver Index, Bhoj wetland.","PeriodicalId":415026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133722017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Effect of environmental variables on the population dynamics of two sympatric notobranchiid fishes, Epiplatys bifasciatus and E. spilargyreius in the seasonal Monai Stream of the Kainji Lake Basin in Nigeria were studied for 24 months. In all, 2,544 and 937 specimens of E. bifasciatus and E. spilargyreius were collected respectively. E. bifasciatus was more abundant of the two species throughout the study period. For both species, monthly abundance followed the same pattern; May to October (rainy season) was a period of low abundance while November to April (dry season) was a period of high abundance. Relative abundance was correlated with physical, chemical, and biological factors using regression analyses. The relationship between 12 environmental variables (temperature, transparency, conductivity, hydrology, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, sodium, CaCO3, chlorine) and abundance of the two species showed that E. spilargyreius abundance was strongly correlated with water conductivity (Pearson’s coefficient, r = 0.884, P<0.01) but correlated negatively with temperature (Pearson’s coefficient, r = -0.559 at P< 0.05). E. bifasciatus abundance had a slight positive correlation with alkalinity (r = 0.501 at P< 0.05). Three habitat types (vegetated pool, vegetated riffle, and marsh) were preferred by both species, whilst unvegetated habitats were avoided. E. spilargyreius was fairly specific in its habitat preference, with a significant positive correlation (r = 0.65, P < 0.05) to marshy habitat, whereas E. bifasciatus showed some flexibility in habitat-use. Key words: Epiplatys bifasciatus, Epiplatys spilargyreius, population, abundance, killifish, stream fishes, environmental variables, habitat-use.
{"title":"Influence of environmental variables on the relative abundance and habitat use of two sympatric notobranchiid fishes in a tropical stream","authors":"D Olaosebikan B, L Lamai S, Ibikunle O","doi":"10.5897/IJFA14.0461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJFA14.0461","url":null,"abstract":"Effect of environmental variables on the population dynamics of two sympatric notobranchiid fishes, Epiplatys bifasciatus and E. spilargyreius in the seasonal Monai Stream of the Kainji Lake Basin in Nigeria were studied for 24 months. In all, 2,544 and 937 specimens of E. bifasciatus and E. spilargyreius were collected respectively. E. bifasciatus was more abundant of the two species throughout the study period. For both species, monthly abundance followed the same pattern; May to October (rainy season) was a period of low abundance while November to April (dry season) was a period of high abundance. Relative abundance was correlated with physical, chemical, and biological factors using regression analyses. The relationship between 12 environmental variables (temperature, transparency, conductivity, hydrology, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, sodium, CaCO3, chlorine) and abundance of the two species showed that E. spilargyreius abundance was strongly correlated with water conductivity (Pearson’s coefficient, r = 0.884, P<0.01) but correlated negatively with temperature (Pearson’s coefficient, r = -0.559 at P< 0.05). E. bifasciatus abundance had a slight positive correlation with alkalinity (r = 0.501 at P< 0.05). Three habitat types (vegetated pool, vegetated riffle, and marsh) were preferred by both species, whilst unvegetated habitats were avoided. E. spilargyreius was fairly specific in its habitat preference, with a significant positive correlation (r = 0.65, P < 0.05) to marshy habitat, whereas E. bifasciatus showed some flexibility in habitat-use. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Epiplatys bifasciatus, Epiplatys spilargyreius, population, abundance, killifish, stream fishes, environmental variables, habitat-use.","PeriodicalId":415026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124944809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Radhakrishnan, P. Bhavan, C. Seenivasan, T. Muralisankar
The present study was conducted to assess the growth promoting ability of Chlorella vulgaris on Marobrachium rosenbergii postlarvae. The experimental diets were prepared by fishmeal replacement with C. vulgaris at different levels (25, 50, 75 and 100%). The prepared feeds were offered to the M. rosenbergii postlarvae during 90 days in triplicate. At the end of the feeding experiment, survival rate, weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion efficiency were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in 50% C. vulgaris inclusion diet fed PL group. Similarly, total protein, amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid contents were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in specimens fed 50% C. vulgaris supplemented diet. The feeding rate, absorption rate, conversion rate were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in 50% C. vulgaris supplemented diet fed PL group. At this level of replacement, the activity level of digestive protease, amylase and lipase were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in 50% C. vulgaris supplemented group. Among all the experimental groups, the 50% fishmeal replacement with C. vulgaris inclusion diet fed group, showed significant performance. The present results revealed that the partial replacement of fish meal with C. vulgaris is favorable for M. rosenbergii postlarval culture. Key words: C. vulgaris, digestive enzymes, growth performance, M. rosenbergii.
{"title":"Effect of dietary replacement of fishmeal with Chlorella vulgaris on growth performance, energy utilization and digestive enzymes in Macrobrachium rosenbergii postlarvae","authors":"S. Radhakrishnan, P. Bhavan, C. Seenivasan, T. Muralisankar","doi":"10.5897/IJFA15.0471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJFA15.0471","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to assess the growth promoting ability of Chlorella vulgaris on Marobrachium rosenbergii postlarvae. The experimental diets were prepared by fishmeal replacement with C. vulgaris at different levels (25, 50, 75 and 100%). The prepared feeds were offered to the M. rosenbergii postlarvae during 90 days in triplicate. At the end of the feeding experiment, survival rate, weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion efficiency were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in 50% C. vulgaris inclusion diet fed PL group. Similarly, total protein, amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid contents were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in specimens fed 50% C. vulgaris supplemented diet. The feeding rate, absorption rate, conversion rate were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in 50% C. vulgaris supplemented diet fed PL group. At this level of replacement, the activity level of digestive protease, amylase and lipase were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in 50% C. vulgaris supplemented group. Among all the experimental groups, the 50% fishmeal replacement with C. vulgaris inclusion diet fed group, showed significant performance. The present results revealed that the partial replacement of fish meal with C. vulgaris is favorable for M. rosenbergii postlarval culture. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: C. vulgaris, digestive enzymes, growth performance, M. rosenbergii.","PeriodicalId":415026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124711438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bacteria diseases are widespread and can be of particular importance in fish farming. Bacteria exist as micro flora in water until certain environmental conditions such as poor water quality occur, which could impose a stress on fish, thereby making them vulnerable to infection, most especially by pathogenic bacteria. This study was carried out to assess and compare the bacteria diversities and population in Clarias gariepinus, Sarotherodon melanotheron and Oreochromis niloticus, in the three grow out ponds of the aquaculture unit of the Department of Marine Science and Lagoon Front of the University of Lagos. It also aims at determining their public health significance. The experiment was carried out between May-September 2013. Water samples were collected from the three grows out ponds in the Department of Marine Sciences and from Lagos lagoon Front of the University of Lagos. In each case, water samples were analysed for the possible indicator organisms of faecal and industrial pollutions such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., feacal streptococcus, Vibrio spp., and Clostridium spp. From the result obtained, all the bacteria listed above were first seen as common bacteria in all the samples of water analysed. Further studies (biochemical tests) also reveal bacteria such as Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Enterobacter aerogenes, Citrobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Moreover, the same indicator bacteria seen in water samples were also detected in the different body parts (flesh, mouth, gill and gut) of each of the fish species analysed, both from the Departmental ponds and Lagoon front, except Clostridium perfringes (C. welchii), Vibrio cholera and Salmonella typii which were found in the gut of those fish species from the departmental ponds A-C and in the mouth, gill and gut of the fishes from lagoon front. The population of each of these bacteria was found to be highest in the gut region, followed by the gill, the mouth and least in the flesh. There was no significant difference in the population of each of the bacterial across pond water (P>0.05). Same is the case with each bacteria analysed across body parts of the fish species (skin, mouth, gill and gut) in the Departmental ponds, that is, no significant difference (P>0.05). But, when compared with the lagoon front (both for water and fish samples) the difference was highly significant (P<0.05). None of the population of the bacteria in the ponds exceeds the limit for human consumption. The bacteria load in the lagoon fish (skin, mouth, gill and gut) was higher than the recommended limit for human consumption. Therefore, they are not fit for consumption most especially samples from the mouth, gill and gut, except effective processing treatment is employed before consumption. Due policy should also be taken by the government to curtail the tradition of indiscriminate discharge of untreated effluent into the lagoon. Key words: Bacteria load, Clarias
{"title":"Comparative studies of bacteria load in fish species of commercial importance at the Aquaculture Unit and Lagoon Front of the University of Lagos","authors":"J. A. Olugbojo, S. O. Ayoola","doi":"10.5897/IJFA14.0444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJFA14.0444","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteria diseases are widespread and can be of particular importance in fish farming. Bacteria exist as micro flora in water until certain environmental conditions such as poor water quality occur, which could impose a stress on fish, thereby making them vulnerable to infection, most especially by pathogenic bacteria. This study was carried out to assess and compare the bacteria diversities and population in Clarias gariepinus, Sarotherodon melanotheron and Oreochromis niloticus, in the three grow out ponds of the aquaculture unit of the Department of Marine Science and Lagoon Front of the University of Lagos. It also aims at determining their public health significance. The experiment was carried out between May-September 2013. Water samples were collected from the three grows out ponds in the Department of Marine Sciences and from Lagos lagoon Front of the University of Lagos. In each case, water samples were analysed for the possible indicator organisms of faecal and industrial pollutions such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., feacal streptococcus, Vibrio spp., and Clostridium spp. From the result obtained, all the bacteria listed above were first seen as common bacteria in all the samples of water analysed. Further studies (biochemical tests) also reveal bacteria such as Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Enterobacter aerogenes, Citrobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Moreover, the same indicator bacteria seen in water samples were also detected in the different body parts (flesh, mouth, gill and gut) of each of the fish species analysed, both from the Departmental ponds and Lagoon front, except Clostridium perfringes (C. welchii), Vibrio cholera and Salmonella typii which were found in the gut of those fish species from the departmental ponds A-C and in the mouth, gill and gut of the fishes from lagoon front. The population of each of these bacteria was found to be highest in the gut region, followed by the gill, the mouth and least in the flesh. There was no significant difference in the population of each of the bacterial across pond water (P>0.05). Same is the case with each bacteria analysed across body parts of the fish species (skin, mouth, gill and gut) in the Departmental ponds, that is, no significant difference (P>0.05). But, when compared with the lagoon front (both for water and fish samples) the difference was highly significant (P<0.05). None of the population of the bacteria in the ponds exceeds the limit for human consumption. The bacteria load in the lagoon fish (skin, mouth, gill and gut) was higher than the recommended limit for human consumption. Therefore, they are not fit for consumption most especially samples from the mouth, gill and gut, except effective processing treatment is employed before consumption. Due policy should also be taken by the government to curtail the tradition of indiscriminate discharge of untreated effluent into the lagoon. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Bacteria load, Clarias ","PeriodicalId":415026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124620950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. K. Junior, A. Kluczkovski, F. T. Moroni, F. Markendorf, A. J. Inhamuns
The Amazon region is recognized as source of fish for the food industry. The interest in new products made from exotic animal meat has increased. The present study was carried out to evaluate carcass and meat characteristics of Amazon caiman. Samples (n=184) of Melanosuchus niger were collected from a protected area in the Amazonas State (Brazil). The meat was analyzed for proximate composition: Moisture content 78.17%, protein 19.23%, lipids 1.09%, and ash 0.73%. The yield of the carcasses and cuts were evaluated, and the average yield of carcass was 57.02%. The tail cuts had the highest yield. The results obtained can be useful for new Amazon basin products as well as for product labeling. Key words: Amazon, acu, crocodilian, protein, harvesting.
{"title":"Carcass yield and proximate composition of black caiman (Melanosuchus niger) meat","authors":"A. K. Junior, A. Kluczkovski, F. T. Moroni, F. Markendorf, A. J. Inhamuns","doi":"10.5897/IJFA14.0453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJFA14.0453","url":null,"abstract":"The Amazon region is recognized as source of fish for the food industry. The interest in new products made from exotic animal meat has increased. The present study was carried out to evaluate carcass and meat characteristics of Amazon caiman. Samples (n=184) of Melanosuchus niger were collected from a protected area in the Amazonas State (Brazil). The meat was analyzed for proximate composition: Moisture content 78.17%, protein 19.23%, lipids 1.09%, and ash 0.73%. The yield of the carcasses and cuts were evaluated, and the average yield of carcass was 57.02%. The tail cuts had the highest yield. The results obtained can be useful for new Amazon basin products as well as for product labeling. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Amazon, acu, crocodilian, protein, harvesting.","PeriodicalId":415026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128911483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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