Pub Date : 1999-10-26DOI: 10.1109/EEIC.1999.826176
W. Archer, R. O. Sanchez
In order to determine if the life of fielded weapons can be extended, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) is investigating the long-term reliability of weapon systems' components. The new stockpile program hopes to extend the life by proving that the systems will last longer than the initial design required. A small part of this program is a study of the long-term reliability of magnetic components. There are more than 100 designs of magnetic components that are used in weapon sub-systems. The authors present data and failure mode information on several components that are representative of best and worst designs for long-term reliability. Sandia has aged these parts through temperature cycling and elevated temperatures. The results are used to estimate long-term reliability and to develop models for reliability analysis. The important component parameters that affect system performance are highlighted.
{"title":"Aging studies for estimating the life of weapon grade magnetic components","authors":"W. Archer, R. O. Sanchez","doi":"10.1109/EEIC.1999.826176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEIC.1999.826176","url":null,"abstract":"In order to determine if the life of fielded weapons can be extended, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) is investigating the long-term reliability of weapon systems' components. The new stockpile program hopes to extend the life by proving that the systems will last longer than the initial design required. A small part of this program is a study of the long-term reliability of magnetic components. There are more than 100 designs of magnetic components that are used in weapon sub-systems. The authors present data and failure mode information on several components that are representative of best and worst designs for long-term reliability. Sandia has aged these parts through temperature cycling and elevated temperatures. The results are used to estimate long-term reliability and to develop models for reliability analysis. The important component parameters that affect system performance are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":415071,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings: Electrical Insulation Conference and Electrical Manufacturing and Coil Winding Conference (Cat. No.99CH37035)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132137894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-26DOI: 10.1109/EEIC.1999.826254
Matt Kaufmann
Just as in all technical and materials processing fields, the request to design systems so as to allow them to be used immediately on demand is also taken into account more and more in cast resin manufacturing. The Hedrich innovations, e.g. "on-the-fly" formulation and "on-the-fly" degassing basically meet those demands for an "On-Demand system". Consequently, long lead times are no longer necessary for production equipment, production scheduling is facilitated and production times are generally reduced. This means that casting equipment engineering has grown to become a modern and up-to-date equipment technology.
{"title":"Formulating, mixing, degassing, casting. The new generation of vacuum systems","authors":"Matt Kaufmann","doi":"10.1109/EEIC.1999.826254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEIC.1999.826254","url":null,"abstract":"Just as in all technical and materials processing fields, the request to design systems so as to allow them to be used immediately on demand is also taken into account more and more in cast resin manufacturing. The Hedrich innovations, e.g. \"on-the-fly\" formulation and \"on-the-fly\" degassing basically meet those demands for an \"On-Demand system\". Consequently, long lead times are no longer necessary for production equipment, production scheduling is facilitated and production times are generally reduced. This means that casting equipment engineering has grown to become a modern and up-to-date equipment technology.","PeriodicalId":415071,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings: Electrical Insulation Conference and Electrical Manufacturing and Coil Winding Conference (Cat. No.99CH37035)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132702351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-26DOI: 10.1109/EEIC.1999.826267
M. Shogren
This paper explains the circuitry, significance, and benefits of an electromagnetic metronome that can be felt by an individual. Such an instrument would be especially applicable in the music industry, specifically for drummers and percussionists.
{"title":"An electromagnetic metronome with a tactile response","authors":"M. Shogren","doi":"10.1109/EEIC.1999.826267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEIC.1999.826267","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explains the circuitry, significance, and benefits of an electromagnetic metronome that can be felt by an individual. Such an instrument would be especially applicable in the music industry, specifically for drummers and percussionists.","PeriodicalId":415071,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings: Electrical Insulation Conference and Electrical Manufacturing and Coil Winding Conference (Cat. No.99CH37035)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128428057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-26DOI: 10.1109/EEIC.1999.826197
G. Stone, S. Campbell, M. Sušnik
It is well known that repetitive voltage surges from modern inverter fed drives (IFD) may age the insulation of motor stator windings, even on motors rated 440 V, leading to premature failure. Insulation aging seems to be correlated to the partial discharge (PD) activity of surges with very fast risetimes and high magnitudes. The magnitude and the risetime of the surges for a particular motor are determined by a host of factors, including power cable length, cable insulation, grounding, IFD type, and motor surge impedance, Hence, the nature of the surges can not be estimated without direct measurement. This paper describes a portable instrument which can accurately measure the characteristics of a surge, even those with a risetime as fast as 50 ns. Measurements with this instrument can be carried out both economically and with minimal training. Also discussed is a new device which permits the easy measurement of PD during 100 ns risetime surges. The latter can be used to determine the discharge inception voltage of stators under actual steep fronted surge conditions.
{"title":"New tools to determine the vulnerability of stator windings to voltage surges from IFDs","authors":"G. Stone, S. Campbell, M. Sušnik","doi":"10.1109/EEIC.1999.826197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEIC.1999.826197","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that repetitive voltage surges from modern inverter fed drives (IFD) may age the insulation of motor stator windings, even on motors rated 440 V, leading to premature failure. Insulation aging seems to be correlated to the partial discharge (PD) activity of surges with very fast risetimes and high magnitudes. The magnitude and the risetime of the surges for a particular motor are determined by a host of factors, including power cable length, cable insulation, grounding, IFD type, and motor surge impedance, Hence, the nature of the surges can not be estimated without direct measurement. This paper describes a portable instrument which can accurately measure the characteristics of a surge, even those with a risetime as fast as 50 ns. Measurements with this instrument can be carried out both economically and with minimal training. Also discussed is a new device which permits the easy measurement of PD during 100 ns risetime surges. The latter can be used to determine the discharge inception voltage of stators under actual steep fronted surge conditions.","PeriodicalId":415071,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings: Electrical Insulation Conference and Electrical Manufacturing and Coil Winding Conference (Cat. No.99CH37035)","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123430879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-26DOI: 10.1109/EEIC.1999.826179
J. Neal
The author discusses how the development in materials has allowed the individual conductor and turn insulation to be replaced by a single conductor/turn insulation. Conductor/turn insulation is the most important insulation component in multi-turn high voltage stator coils. Should a turn/turn fault occur then the result is both an expensive failure and outage. Therefore conductor/turn insulation can simply be defined as the primary insulation which is applied to the bare copper prior to the application of the main insulation.
{"title":"The development of micacous conductor/turn insulation for HV rotating machines","authors":"J. Neal","doi":"10.1109/EEIC.1999.826179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEIC.1999.826179","url":null,"abstract":"The author discusses how the development in materials has allowed the individual conductor and turn insulation to be replaced by a single conductor/turn insulation. Conductor/turn insulation is the most important insulation component in multi-turn high voltage stator coils. Should a turn/turn fault occur then the result is both an expensive failure and outage. Therefore conductor/turn insulation can simply be defined as the primary insulation which is applied to the bare copper prior to the application of the main insulation.","PeriodicalId":415071,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings: Electrical Insulation Conference and Electrical Manufacturing and Coil Winding Conference (Cat. No.99CH37035)","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125063124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-26DOI: 10.1109/EEIC.1999.826238
N. Urakawa, S. Takada, M. Tsukiji, W. Bito, A. Yamada, T. Umemoto
For competitive power generation all over the world, air-cooled turbine generators tend to be used with large capacity up to a few hundred MVA, while hydrogen-cooling was adopted ten years ago. At the same time, the customers require compact, cost-effective generators. To meet such a new trend of power market, Mitsubishi Electric has developed a new high-voltage global impregnation insulation system that is applicable up to 250 MVA class air-cooled generators and started to apply it in 1998. In large-scale power generators, thermal fatigue due to the different coefficient of thermal expansion of conductor, insulation and core is supposed to be the biggest problem. Therefore, thermal and stress and strain analyses in stator windings were carried out by making full use of the latest numerical simulation techniques and were verified by thermal cycle tests of full-size models. Dielectric and thermo-mechanical properties of the insulation were also evaluated by experimental techniques such as electrical lifetime tests and mechanical fatigue tests with model coils. From the comparison between the analytical and the experimental results, it was shown that the new insulation system has sufficient dielectric and thermo-mechanical properties through the lifetime of turbine generators. Furthermore, the dielectric and mechanical reliabilities of the insulation are improved by the newly developed nonadhesive plane.
{"title":"New high voltage insulation system for air-cooled turbine generators","authors":"N. Urakawa, S. Takada, M. Tsukiji, W. Bito, A. Yamada, T. Umemoto","doi":"10.1109/EEIC.1999.826238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEIC.1999.826238","url":null,"abstract":"For competitive power generation all over the world, air-cooled turbine generators tend to be used with large capacity up to a few hundred MVA, while hydrogen-cooling was adopted ten years ago. At the same time, the customers require compact, cost-effective generators. To meet such a new trend of power market, Mitsubishi Electric has developed a new high-voltage global impregnation insulation system that is applicable up to 250 MVA class air-cooled generators and started to apply it in 1998. In large-scale power generators, thermal fatigue due to the different coefficient of thermal expansion of conductor, insulation and core is supposed to be the biggest problem. Therefore, thermal and stress and strain analyses in stator windings were carried out by making full use of the latest numerical simulation techniques and were verified by thermal cycle tests of full-size models. Dielectric and thermo-mechanical properties of the insulation were also evaluated by experimental techniques such as electrical lifetime tests and mechanical fatigue tests with model coils. From the comparison between the analytical and the experimental results, it was shown that the new insulation system has sufficient dielectric and thermo-mechanical properties through the lifetime of turbine generators. Furthermore, the dielectric and mechanical reliabilities of the insulation are improved by the newly developed nonadhesive plane.","PeriodicalId":415071,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings: Electrical Insulation Conference and Electrical Manufacturing and Coil Winding Conference (Cat. No.99CH37035)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123267364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-26DOI: 10.1109/EEIC.1999.826205
Yu. Aksyonov, A. Golubev, A. Muckhortov, V. Rodionov, V. Minein, V. Radchenko, V. Prokofyev, A. Koshel, N. Krupenin, N. Daki, O. Kuznezov
Results of the online insulation diagnosis of petroleum pumping station motors of medium voltage are provided. Measures taken to ensure reliable motor operation are discussed. Features of the faults that occurred in the various types of insulation systems are given. Information on the locations of partial discharges found during the offline diagnosis are also provided.
{"title":"Partial discharge measurements on medium voltage motors","authors":"Yu. Aksyonov, A. Golubev, A. Muckhortov, V. Rodionov, V. Minein, V. Radchenko, V. Prokofyev, A. Koshel, N. Krupenin, N. Daki, O. Kuznezov","doi":"10.1109/EEIC.1999.826205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEIC.1999.826205","url":null,"abstract":"Results of the online insulation diagnosis of petroleum pumping station motors of medium voltage are provided. Measures taken to ensure reliable motor operation are discussed. Features of the faults that occurred in the various types of insulation systems are given. Information on the locations of partial discharges found during the offline diagnosis are also provided.","PeriodicalId":415071,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings: Electrical Insulation Conference and Electrical Manufacturing and Coil Winding Conference (Cat. No.99CH37035)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115676942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-26DOI: 10.1109/EEIC.1999.826190
T. Smith
Investigations were made to determine what are the effects of varying specific materials and conditions during manufacturing of powdered iron magnetic cores on the initial permeability and Q of the core. Discussions are limited to core material mixes used for RF frequency applications. The following are discussed: (a) the effect of different binder resins on Q and T/sub c/; (b) the effect of differing proportions of insulating acid and resin on inductance and Q; (c) comparison of inductance and Q produced by different material mixes; (d) the effect of pressure applied during molding (material density) on inductance and Q; and (e) an example of improving Q for production cores. This study was proposed to provide information that could be used to improve production yields when winding on powdered iron cores. Improvement of these yields was to be made by improving the performance of the core itself. Specifically, by determining means by which higher Q could be obtained from the core material and how tighter control of initial permeability of the core (and hence inductance) could be achieved.
{"title":"Powdered iron cores for RF magnetics","authors":"T. Smith","doi":"10.1109/EEIC.1999.826190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEIC.1999.826190","url":null,"abstract":"Investigations were made to determine what are the effects of varying specific materials and conditions during manufacturing of powdered iron magnetic cores on the initial permeability and Q of the core. Discussions are limited to core material mixes used for RF frequency applications. The following are discussed: (a) the effect of different binder resins on Q and T/sub c/; (b) the effect of differing proportions of insulating acid and resin on inductance and Q; (c) comparison of inductance and Q produced by different material mixes; (d) the effect of pressure applied during molding (material density) on inductance and Q; and (e) an example of improving Q for production cores. This study was proposed to provide information that could be used to improve production yields when winding on powdered iron cores. Improvement of these yields was to be made by improving the performance of the core itself. Specifically, by determining means by which higher Q could be obtained from the core material and how tighter control of initial permeability of the core (and hence inductance) could be achieved.","PeriodicalId":415071,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings: Electrical Insulation Conference and Electrical Manufacturing and Coil Winding Conference (Cat. No.99CH37035)","volume":"453 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131508544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-26DOI: 10.1109/EEIC.1999.826178
C. Hoffman, J. Masi
Sol-gel ferrite materials were fabricated for use in the core of a miniature bobbin-wound inductor. These materials were designed to improve the performance of an inductor at high frequencies. In particular, it should increase the inductance and Q value of inductors, keeping these values higher at frequencies in the kilo- and mega-hertz hertz ranges. This paper details the design, fabrication and test of these materials add devices. Problems are discussed and suggestions for improvements are given.
{"title":"Design, fabrication, and testing of sol-gel magnetic devices","authors":"C. Hoffman, J. Masi","doi":"10.1109/EEIC.1999.826178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEIC.1999.826178","url":null,"abstract":"Sol-gel ferrite materials were fabricated for use in the core of a miniature bobbin-wound inductor. These materials were designed to improve the performance of an inductor at high frequencies. In particular, it should increase the inductance and Q value of inductors, keeping these values higher at frequencies in the kilo- and mega-hertz hertz ranges. This paper details the design, fabrication and test of these materials add devices. Problems are discussed and suggestions for improvements are given.","PeriodicalId":415071,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings: Electrical Insulation Conference and Electrical Manufacturing and Coil Winding Conference (Cat. No.99CH37035)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131280286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-26DOI: 10.1109/EEIC.1999.826212
P.K. Goethe, W.D. Goethe
This paper shows that: the presence of harmonic currents flowing in power transformer windings does increase the core loss significantly and that these extra costs do affect the final transformer operating costs; and that in the absence of a factor, such as the well known 'K-factor' that can be applied to core losses, calculations must be made for losses produced by each harmonic current present. Costs of core losses and load losses are developed for a specific set of three phase coils having cores made from several commonly used core materials. Using a transformer design program that is equipped to calculate core losses for all harmonic currents present, design information is developed for each of the selected core materials. The paper compares the results obtained.
{"title":"How core losses affect operating costs for transformers delivering non-sinusoidal loads","authors":"P.K. Goethe, W.D. Goethe","doi":"10.1109/EEIC.1999.826212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEIC.1999.826212","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows that: the presence of harmonic currents flowing in power transformer windings does increase the core loss significantly and that these extra costs do affect the final transformer operating costs; and that in the absence of a factor, such as the well known 'K-factor' that can be applied to core losses, calculations must be made for losses produced by each harmonic current present. Costs of core losses and load losses are developed for a specific set of three phase coils having cores made from several commonly used core materials. Using a transformer design program that is equipped to calculate core losses for all harmonic currents present, design information is developed for each of the selected core materials. The paper compares the results obtained.","PeriodicalId":415071,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings: Electrical Insulation Conference and Electrical Manufacturing and Coil Winding Conference (Cat. No.99CH37035)","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123973009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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