Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198784272.003.0022
L. Rees, N. Webb, D. Bockenhauer, M. Punaro
Great care should be exercised when prescribing for children with kidney disease. Many drugs are renally excreted and require dose adjustment in the presence of chronic kidney disease. Children with kidney disease, particularly those who have undergone kidney transplantation, frequently receive a large number of drugs and there is significant potential for drug–drug interaction. Information is available in the British National Formulary for Children and other texts; however, advice from an experienced paediatric nephrologist or specialist renal pharmacist should be sought where there is uncertainty.
{"title":"Drug prescribing","authors":"L. Rees, N. Webb, D. Bockenhauer, M. Punaro","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198784272.003.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784272.003.0022","url":null,"abstract":"Great care should be exercised when prescribing for children with kidney disease. Many drugs are renally excreted and require dose adjustment in the presence of chronic kidney disease. Children with kidney disease, particularly those who have undergone kidney transplantation, frequently receive a large number of drugs and there is significant potential for drug–drug interaction. Information is available in the British National Formulary for Children and other texts; however, advice from an experienced paediatric nephrologist or specialist renal pharmacist should be sought where there is uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":415366,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Nephrology","volume":"697 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122982903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198784272.003.0018
L. Rees, N. Webb, D. Bockenhauer, M. Punaro
This chapter discusses all aspects of chronic kidney disease in childhood.
本章讨论儿童慢性肾脏疾病的各个方面。
{"title":"Chronic kidney disease","authors":"L. Rees, N. Webb, D. Bockenhauer, M. Punaro","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198784272.003.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784272.003.0018","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses all aspects of chronic kidney disease in childhood.","PeriodicalId":415366,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Nephrology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133179608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198784272.003.0019
L. Rees, N. Webb, D. Bockenhauer, M. Punaro
This chapter describes the principles of peritoneal dialysis, the insertion of the peritoneal dialysis catheter, prevention and treatment of infection, the peritoneal dialysis prescription, and assessment of the dialysis provision.
本章介绍腹膜透析的原理、腹膜透析导管的插入、感染的预防和治疗、腹膜透析处方以及透析提供的评估。
{"title":"Peritoneal dialysis in end-stage kidney disease","authors":"L. Rees, N. Webb, D. Bockenhauer, M. Punaro","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198784272.003.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784272.003.0019","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes the principles of peritoneal dialysis, the insertion of the peritoneal dialysis catheter, prevention and treatment of infection, the peritoneal dialysis prescription, and assessment of the dialysis provision.","PeriodicalId":415366,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Nephrology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115358310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198784272.003.0020
L. Rees, N. Webb, D. Bockenhauer, M. Punaro
This chapter focuses on all aspects of haemodialysis: the principles, including vascular access; the machine, dialysate, and water; the prescription; complications; assessment of adequacy; and blood-borne viruses. Continuous renal replacement therapy, plasmapheresis, and immunoadsorption are also discussed.
{"title":"Extracorporeal treatment","authors":"L. Rees, N. Webb, D. Bockenhauer, M. Punaro","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198784272.003.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784272.003.0020","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on all aspects of haemodialysis: the principles, including vascular access; the machine, dialysate, and water; the prescription; complications; assessment of adequacy; and blood-borne viruses. Continuous renal replacement therapy, plasmapheresis, and immunoadsorption are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":415366,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Nephrology","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122725174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198784272.003.0003
L. Rees, N. Webb, D. Bockenhauer, M. Punaro
Congenital abnormalities of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the commonest cause of renal problems in children, ranging from asymptomatic or incidental findings to a cause of urinary tract infection and obstruction, renal damage, and end-stage kidney disease. The investigation and management of CAKUT depend on the potential for causing renal injury.
{"title":"Congenital abnormalities of the kidneys and urinary tract","authors":"L. Rees, N. Webb, D. Bockenhauer, M. Punaro","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198784272.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784272.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital abnormalities of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the commonest cause of renal problems in children, ranging from asymptomatic or incidental findings to a cause of urinary tract infection and obstruction, renal damage, and end-stage kidney disease. The investigation and management of CAKUT depend on the potential for causing renal injury.","PeriodicalId":415366,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Nephrology","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132135823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198784272.003.0011
L. Rees, N. Webb, D. Bockenhauer, M. Punaro
This chapter describes the presentation, investigation, and management of children with vasculitis.
本章描述了儿童血管炎的表现、调查和处理。
{"title":"Vasculitis","authors":"L. Rees, N. Webb, D. Bockenhauer, M. Punaro","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198784272.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784272.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes the presentation, investigation, and management of children with vasculitis.","PeriodicalId":415366,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Nephrology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134053955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-01DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198784272.003.0012
L. Rees, N. Webb, D. Bockenhauer, M. Punaro
Many infections can affect the kidney, either by direct invasion or by immune mechanisms. This chapter describes the commoner infections.
许多感染可以通过直接侵入或免疫机制影响肾脏。本章描述了常见的感染。
{"title":"Infections and the kidney","authors":"L. Rees, N. Webb, D. Bockenhauer, M. Punaro","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198784272.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198784272.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Many infections can affect the kidney, either by direct invasion or by immune mechanisms. This chapter describes the commoner infections.","PeriodicalId":415366,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Nephrology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116401742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-01DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198784272.003.0008
L. Rees, N. Webb, D. Bockenhauer, M. Punaro
Urolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis can be associated with substantial morbidity: stones can lead to obstruction and/or infection, which can lead to loss of kidney function, if not treated promptly. Nephrocalcinosis is often associated with a urinary concentrating defect, predisposing to dehydration. This chapter discusses the underlying causes of renal calculi and nephrocalcinosis, their diagnosis, and the acute and chronic management.
{"title":"Renal calculi and nephrocalcinosis","authors":"L. Rees, N. Webb, D. Bockenhauer, M. Punaro","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198784272.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198784272.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Urolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis can be associated with substantial morbidity: stones can lead to obstruction and/or infection, which can lead to loss of kidney function, if not treated promptly. Nephrocalcinosis is often associated with a urinary concentrating defect, predisposing to dehydration. This chapter discusses the underlying causes of renal calculi and nephrocalcinosis, their diagnosis, and the acute and chronic management.","PeriodicalId":415366,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Nephrology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123822438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198784272.003.0013
L. Rees, N. Webb, D. Bockenhauer, M. Punaro
Inherited renal cystic diseases comprise a spectrum of disorders that are typically characterized by dysfunction of the so-called cilia. These hair-like cellular appendages are involved in numerous cellular signalling processes. During development, cilia are important for the development of the left–right axis and for the establishment of cell polarity. Consequently, depending on the specific nature of the underlying ciliary defect, renal cystic diseases can be associated with a large spectrum of other organ manifestations, including congenital heart disease, retinopathy, polydactyly, and hepatic abnormalities, such as ductal plate malformation. Based on clustering of such symptoms, specific clinical syndromes, such as nephronophthisis, Bardet–Biedl syndrome, Joubert syndrome, and the various forms of polycystic kidney diseases, have been assigned. Subsequent genetic investigations have shown that these clinical distinctions are not necessarily consistent with the underlying genetic alterations, so that, for example, genes initially associated with Joubert syndrome can phenocopy autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. Thus, identification of the genetic cause can inform the clinical management to assess for potentially involved organ manifestations.
{"title":"Renal cystic diseases and ciliopathies","authors":"L. Rees, N. Webb, D. Bockenhauer, M. Punaro","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198784272.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784272.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Inherited renal cystic diseases comprise a spectrum of disorders that are typically characterized by dysfunction of the so-called cilia. These hair-like cellular appendages are involved in numerous cellular signalling processes. During development, cilia are important for the development of the left–right axis and for the establishment of cell polarity. Consequently, depending on the specific nature of the underlying ciliary defect, renal cystic diseases can be associated with a large spectrum of other organ manifestations, including congenital heart disease, retinopathy, polydactyly, and hepatic abnormalities, such as ductal plate malformation. Based on clustering of such symptoms, specific clinical syndromes, such as nephronophthisis, Bardet–Biedl syndrome, Joubert syndrome, and the various forms of polycystic kidney diseases, have been assigned. Subsequent genetic investigations have shown that these clinical distinctions are not necessarily consistent with the underlying genetic alterations, so that, for example, genes initially associated with Joubert syndrome can phenocopy autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. Thus, identification of the genetic cause can inform the clinical management to assess for potentially involved organ manifestations.","PeriodicalId":415366,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Nephrology","volume":"05 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127194814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198784272.003.0010
L. Rees, N. Webb, D. Bockenhauer, M. Punaro
Many systemic diseases affect the kidney. This chapter describes the most common and significant ones.
许多全身性疾病影响肾脏。本章描述了最常见和最重要的几种。
{"title":"Systemic disease affecting the kidney","authors":"L. Rees, N. Webb, D. Bockenhauer, M. Punaro","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198784272.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784272.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Many systemic diseases affect the kidney. This chapter describes the most common and significant ones.","PeriodicalId":415366,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric Nephrology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132849308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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