Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.56201/ijgem.v9.no4.2023.pg36.48
Ndubisi Onwuanyi, Pius Ekenedilichukwu Chima, Aderemi Adekanmi
Sustainable and resilient urban environments are created by fitting environmental practices. One important area of practice is land development where the guidance of regulatory authorities and the compliance of developers together work to shape the built environment. Where this partnership does not exist or is not effective, inappropriate land development practices may result, with the potential to generate environmental degradation, particularly where there is a high intensity of land use. Thus, this paper investigates how the built environment may be impacted by land development and management practices. The issue is examined in the context of Benin City’s BDPA highly populated residential estate where signs of physical environmental degradation are becoming evident. The research approach involves physical inspections and secondary data review. The features of land development practice in the estate are ascertained; evidence gathered on their impact upon the physical environment and responsibility for these deficits established between individual developers and the regulatory authority. The findings reveal that acts of commission and omission at the official and developer levels contribute to physical environmental degradation. Official regulation and enforcement are weak; and awareness of planning regulations low amongst private developers. The outcome has been non-compliant and environmentally-unfriendly development. Again, government, has been negligent by not building sustainable paved roads and drainage channels. The conclusion is that a strong nexus exists between land development practices and physical environmental degradation in the study area. It is recommended that further physical degradation be arrested by rectification of the identified deficiencies and the institution of safeguards.
{"title":"On Land Development Practice and Urban Environmental Degradation: The Example of BDPA Estate in Benin City","authors":"Ndubisi Onwuanyi, Pius Ekenedilichukwu Chima, Aderemi Adekanmi","doi":"10.56201/ijgem.v9.no4.2023.pg36.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijgem.v9.no4.2023.pg36.48","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable and resilient urban environments are created by fitting environmental practices. One important area of practice is land development where the guidance of regulatory authorities and the compliance of developers together work to shape the built environment. Where this partnership does not exist or is not effective, inappropriate land development practices may result, with the potential to generate environmental degradation, particularly where there is a high intensity of land use. Thus, this paper investigates how the built environment may be impacted by land development and management practices. The issue is examined in the context of Benin City’s BDPA highly populated residential estate where signs of physical environmental degradation are becoming evident. The research approach involves physical inspections and secondary data review. The features of land development practice in the estate are ascertained; evidence gathered on their impact upon the physical environment and responsibility for these deficits established between individual developers and the regulatory authority. The findings reveal that acts of commission and omission at the official and developer levels contribute to physical environmental degradation. Official regulation and enforcement are weak; and awareness of planning regulations low amongst private developers. The outcome has been non-compliant and environmentally-unfriendly development. Again, government, has been negligent by not building sustainable paved roads and drainage channels. The conclusion is that a strong nexus exists between land development practices and physical environmental degradation in the study area. It is recommended that further physical degradation be arrested by rectification of the identified deficiencies and the institution of safeguards.","PeriodicalId":415878,"journal":{"name":"IIARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136352369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.56201/ijgem.v9.no4.2023.pg65.87
Udochukwu C. Onoh, Elona Erezi, Bethel Clement
This study analyzes the role of women in climate resilience building and sustainable farming practices in Nigeria. The country's heavy reliance on agriculture and its vulnerability to climate change make it imperative to understand and enhance women's participation in these areas. Through a systematic review of literature, this research provides insights into the different levels of women's involvement in climate resilience building and sustainable farming practices. Women's contributions include knowledge and skills, natural resource management, community resilience, and education and awareness. However, women face challenges such as limited access to resources, gender-based discrimination, and exclusion from decision-making processes. Women's leadership in sustainable farming practices is crucial for global food security and sustainable development. Gender-inclusive policies and strategies are crucial for building climate resilience, as they acknowledge the unique challenges women face due to existing gender inequalities. Enhancing women's access to financing, training, and agricultural extension services is essential for gender equality and empowering women in the agricultural sector. The findings emphasize the importance of gender perspectives in addressing climate change impacts and highlight the vulnerabilities faced by women in Nigeria. Recommendations for policymakers, organizations, and stakeholders include developing gender-inclusive policies, providing access to financing, strengthening capacity-building initiatives, improving access to agricultural extension services, promoting women's leadership and representation, and fostering collaboration and knowledge sharing. This study highlights the significant role of women in climate resilience building and sustainable farming practices in Nigeria and calls for their enhanced participation and empowerment in these areas.
{"title":"Analyzing the Role of Women in Climate Resilience Building and Sustainable Farming Practices in Nigeria","authors":"Udochukwu C. Onoh, Elona Erezi, Bethel Clement","doi":"10.56201/ijgem.v9.no4.2023.pg65.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijgem.v9.no4.2023.pg65.87","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzes the role of women in climate resilience building and sustainable farming practices in Nigeria. The country's heavy reliance on agriculture and its vulnerability to climate change make it imperative to understand and enhance women's participation in these areas. Through a systematic review of literature, this research provides insights into the different levels of women's involvement in climate resilience building and sustainable farming practices. Women's contributions include knowledge and skills, natural resource management, community resilience, and education and awareness. However, women face challenges such as limited access to resources, gender-based discrimination, and exclusion from decision-making processes. Women's leadership in sustainable farming practices is crucial for global food security and sustainable development. Gender-inclusive policies and strategies are crucial for building climate resilience, as they acknowledge the unique challenges women face due to existing gender inequalities. Enhancing women's access to financing, training, and agricultural extension services is essential for gender equality and empowering women in the agricultural sector. The findings emphasize the importance of gender perspectives in addressing climate change impacts and highlight the vulnerabilities faced by women in Nigeria. Recommendations for policymakers, organizations, and stakeholders include developing gender-inclusive policies, providing access to financing, strengthening capacity-building initiatives, improving access to agricultural extension services, promoting women's leadership and representation, and fostering collaboration and knowledge sharing. This study highlights the significant role of women in climate resilience building and sustainable farming practices in Nigeria and calls for their enhanced participation and empowerment in these areas.","PeriodicalId":415878,"journal":{"name":"IIARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136352912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iyiechu stream is a small tropical urban stream that receives both domestic and industrial wastes. The self-purification potential of the stream was determined by evaluating its deoxygenation and reaeration rate coefficients. The methods of study used include dissolved oxygen (DO) measurements, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) tests as well as measurements of hydrological parameters. Deoxygenation rate of 0.20 to 0.42/day were obtained indicating very swift depletion of oxygen in the stream probably as a result of domestic sewage input. The reaeration rate coefficients ranged from 0.01 to 0.84 day and these values suggest deep and slow moving streams. The measured DO values are quite low, indicating high deoxygenation reaction in the stream and minimal dissolved oxygen contribution from other sources such as algal photosynthesis. Spatially, about 66.66% of the stream is dominated by deoxygenation reaction. The chemical oxygen demand ranged from 20 to 40 mg/l. These values are relatively high and show that the process may be partly responsible for the low dissolved oxygen levels in the stream. However, the stream is capable of re-attaining its optimum dissolved oxygen level within a flow time of 0.84 day (20hrs 16minutes) in the rainy season. Thus, a flow time much greater than 0.84 day (20hrs 16minutes) would be required during the dry season. These flow times suggest that the stream has poor self-purification potential.
{"title":"Hydrochemical Characteristics and Self-Purification Potential of Iyiechu Stream in Okigwe Area, Southeastern Nigeria","authors":"T.C. Dikeogu, O.C. Okeke, A.U. Nwaiwu, C.D. Akoma, N.A. Ireaja, E.C. Ezike","doi":"10.56201/ijgem.v9.no4.2023.pg88.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijgem.v9.no4.2023.pg88.101","url":null,"abstract":"Iyiechu stream is a small tropical urban stream that receives both domestic and industrial wastes. The self-purification potential of the stream was determined by evaluating its deoxygenation and reaeration rate coefficients. The methods of study used include dissolved oxygen (DO) measurements, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) tests as well as measurements of hydrological parameters. Deoxygenation rate of 0.20 to 0.42/day were obtained indicating very swift depletion of oxygen in the stream probably as a result of domestic sewage input. The reaeration rate coefficients ranged from 0.01 to 0.84 day and these values suggest deep and slow moving streams. The measured DO values are quite low, indicating high deoxygenation reaction in the stream and minimal dissolved oxygen contribution from other sources such as algal photosynthesis. Spatially, about 66.66% of the stream is dominated by deoxygenation reaction. The chemical oxygen demand ranged from 20 to 40 mg/l. These values are relatively high and show that the process may be partly responsible for the low dissolved oxygen levels in the stream. However, the stream is capable of re-attaining its optimum dissolved oxygen level within a flow time of 0.84 day (20hrs 16minutes) in the rainy season. Thus, a flow time much greater than 0.84 day (20hrs 16minutes) would be required during the dry season. These flow times suggest that the stream has poor self-purification potential.","PeriodicalId":415878,"journal":{"name":"IIARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136353237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research studied community engagement in conservation and the consequent regional development of the Ikogosi Warm Spring in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The research adopted an interpretivist philosophy. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistical parameters and a descriptive survey method. Findings from the research show that the exact date of the discovery of the spring is not known, although quite a large number attribute the discovery of the spring to the Baptist Mission around 1952. Findings also show that there was more community engagement in harnessing and conserving the spring when the Baptist Mission was in charge of it. The research also shows that the Ikogosi community has experienced development because of the presence of the spring. Recommendations were made to allocate a quota for the employment of people from the community in the Ikogosi Warm Spring Resort; document the history of the Spring in order to preserve the knowledge for generations; and conduct a sensitization campaign to enlighten the community on the importance of conserving the spring.
{"title":"Ikogosi Warm Spring: History, Regional Development, and Community Engagement in Natural Heritage Conservation","authors":"Umeh Nnamdi Kanayao, Agwu Kelechi Destiny, Aniakor Ugochi Chizorom, Onuorah Ikenna Michael","doi":"10.56201/ijgem.v9.no4.2023.pg19.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijgem.v9.no4.2023.pg19.35","url":null,"abstract":"The research studied community engagement in conservation and the consequent regional development of the Ikogosi Warm Spring in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The research adopted an interpretivist philosophy. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistical parameters and a descriptive survey method. Findings from the research show that the exact date of the discovery of the spring is not known, although quite a large number attribute the discovery of the spring to the Baptist Mission around 1952. Findings also show that there was more community engagement in harnessing and conserving the spring when the Baptist Mission was in charge of it. The research also shows that the Ikogosi community has experienced development because of the presence of the spring. Recommendations were made to allocate a quota for the employment of people from the community in the Ikogosi Warm Spring Resort; document the history of the Spring in order to preserve the knowledge for generations; and conduct a sensitization campaign to enlighten the community on the importance of conserving the spring.","PeriodicalId":415878,"journal":{"name":"IIARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.56201/ijgem.v9.no4.2023.pg102.112
Malachy Ugochukwu OKOROJI, Nsisong Christopher EKONG
Rainfall runoff modelling is a vital and an essential paradigm in flood risk management. This research sought to determine the run-off and maximum discharge time of concentration (TC) in Uyo Urban to help facilitate adequate and proper flood risk and management plan in the area. The topographic map and 3D surface of the catchment area were generated and the rational method employed to determine the time of concentration of runoff as well as the maximum discharge while Hydrology extension in ArcGIS 10.3 was used to model the river basin from DEM and identify locations. Detailed analysis of 39 years (1977-2015) rainfall data was recorded to determine inter-annual variability, monthly distribution pattern, mean total annual rainfall, mean maximum daily rainfall and standardized anomaly index (SAI). The computed discharge was calculated. The results of the analyses indicate a total discharge of 1573.54m3/s and takes approximately 40 minutes of runoff time evident of prolonged rainstorms in areas like IBB Avenue as opposed to the short-lived rainfalls that causes flash floods in areas like Brook Street. This means that it takes a longer time of about 2 km to travel to the analysed site to cause flood. The study recommends the need for creation of more risk awareness and flood warning signs to further educate the people.
{"title":"DEM Computation of Flood Catchment Areas: Determining the Run-off and Maximum Discharge Time of Concentration in Uyo Urban","authors":"Malachy Ugochukwu OKOROJI, Nsisong Christopher EKONG","doi":"10.56201/ijgem.v9.no4.2023.pg102.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijgem.v9.no4.2023.pg102.112","url":null,"abstract":"Rainfall runoff modelling is a vital and an essential paradigm in flood risk management. This research sought to determine the run-off and maximum discharge time of concentration (TC) in Uyo Urban to help facilitate adequate and proper flood risk and management plan in the area. The topographic map and 3D surface of the catchment area were generated and the rational method employed to determine the time of concentration of runoff as well as the maximum discharge while Hydrology extension in ArcGIS 10.3 was used to model the river basin from DEM and identify locations. Detailed analysis of 39 years (1977-2015) rainfall data was recorded to determine inter-annual variability, monthly distribution pattern, mean total annual rainfall, mean maximum daily rainfall and standardized anomaly index (SAI). The computed discharge was calculated. The results of the analyses indicate a total discharge of 1573.54m3/s and takes approximately 40 minutes of runoff time evident of prolonged rainstorms in areas like IBB Avenue as opposed to the short-lived rainfalls that causes flash floods in areas like Brook Street. This means that it takes a longer time of about 2 km to travel to the analysed site to cause flood. The study recommends the need for creation of more risk awareness and flood warning signs to further educate the people.","PeriodicalId":415878,"journal":{"name":"IIARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136353358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.56201/ijgem.v9.no4.2023.pg49.64
O. B. Adedeji, A. I. Abdulhameed, Ayodele Omotoso Jephthah, Elona Erezi, I. E. Eze
This study explores how renewable energy policies in Africa can help alleviate poverty and combat climate change. The research highlights the significant percentage of Africa's population living in poverty without access to electricity, leading to a cycle of poverty and limited education. By examining relevant literature from various sources, the study aims to deepen our understanding of how renewable energy policies can contribute to poverty reduction and climate change mitigation in Africa. The research emphasizes the untapped potential of renewable energy resources in Africa, including hydropower, geothermal, biomass, solar, and wind, which can significantly increase the region's renewable energy capacity. Renewable energy policies are seen as a powerful tool to alleviate poverty by providing affordable, clean, and reliable energy sources in developing countries. Additionally, these policies play a crucial role in mitigating climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting the transition to sustainable energy systems. Africa faces significant risks from climate change, such as rising temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and extreme weather events, making the adoption of renewable energy even more important. The study recommends increasing investment in renewable energy infrastructure, developing effective policies, strengthening partnerships, promoting energy efficiency, integrating renewable energy into national development plans, enhancing climate change resilience, and raising awareness among communities. Embracing renewable energy has the potential to bring about positive change in Africa, improving lives, economies, and ecosystems, while addressing climate change
{"title":"Analyzing The Effectiveness of Renewable Energy Policies in Poverty Reduction and Mitigating Climate Change Impacts in Africa","authors":"O. B. Adedeji, A. I. Abdulhameed, Ayodele Omotoso Jephthah, Elona Erezi, I. E. Eze","doi":"10.56201/ijgem.v9.no4.2023.pg49.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijgem.v9.no4.2023.pg49.64","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores how renewable energy policies in Africa can help alleviate poverty and combat climate change. The research highlights the significant percentage of Africa's population living in poverty without access to electricity, leading to a cycle of poverty and limited education. By examining relevant literature from various sources, the study aims to deepen our understanding of how renewable energy policies can contribute to poverty reduction and climate change mitigation in Africa. The research emphasizes the untapped potential of renewable energy resources in Africa, including hydropower, geothermal, biomass, solar, and wind, which can significantly increase the region's renewable energy capacity. Renewable energy policies are seen as a powerful tool to alleviate poverty by providing affordable, clean, and reliable energy sources in developing countries. Additionally, these policies play a crucial role in mitigating climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting the transition to sustainable energy systems. Africa faces significant risks from climate change, such as rising temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and extreme weather events, making the adoption of renewable energy even more important. The study recommends increasing investment in renewable energy infrastructure, developing effective policies, strengthening partnerships, promoting energy efficiency, integrating renewable energy into national development plans, enhancing climate change resilience, and raising awareness among communities. Embracing renewable energy has the potential to bring about positive change in Africa, improving lives, economies, and ecosystems, while addressing climate change","PeriodicalId":415878,"journal":{"name":"IIARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121112231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-02DOI: 10.56201/ijgem.v9.no1.2023.pg1.16
Ojo Aderonke Abimbola, T. Ayo, Itunu Oluwatosin Ayo
This paper takes a cursory look at the concept of „Polluter Pays Principle?, PPP as an environmental protection instrument in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. It found that environmental pollution is a major challenge confronting the Nigerian oil and gas industry and reiterated that the concept remains an invaluable tool for restoring the environment- in that compensation was essential to the restoration of the environment whenever there is any form of environmental pollution which are direct consequences of oil exploration and production activities. This study argues that the lingering challenges of oil pollution in the Nigerian environmental space in the oil-producing communities would have been adequately catered for if the laws were not obsolete and anachronistic. This study takes a multi- disciplinary approach that covers law, environmental management and toxicology. A number of recommendations were therefore suggested to make the principle more effective and minimise the deleterious effects of environmental pollution
{"title":"X-raying the Bounds of Polluter Pays Principle as an Environmental Protection Tool in the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry","authors":"Ojo Aderonke Abimbola, T. Ayo, Itunu Oluwatosin Ayo","doi":"10.56201/ijgem.v9.no1.2023.pg1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijgem.v9.no1.2023.pg1.16","url":null,"abstract":"This paper takes a cursory look at the concept of „Polluter Pays Principle?, PPP as an environmental protection instrument in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. It found that environmental pollution is a major challenge confronting the Nigerian oil and gas industry and reiterated that the concept remains an invaluable tool for restoring the environment- in that compensation was essential to the restoration of the environment whenever there is any form of environmental pollution which are direct consequences of oil exploration and production activities. This study argues that the lingering challenges of oil pollution in the Nigerian environmental space in the oil-producing communities would have been adequately catered for if the laws were not obsolete and anachronistic. This study takes a multi- disciplinary approach that covers law, environmental management and toxicology. A number of recommendations were therefore suggested to make the principle more effective and minimise the deleterious effects of environmental pollution","PeriodicalId":415878,"journal":{"name":"IIARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117159858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-02DOI: 10.56201/ijgem.v9.no3.2023.pg16.24
Walamam Mansi Egbo, Eremasi Yaguo Benjamin Ikele
Groundwater and surface water pollution are among the prominent environmental challenges facing humanity globally in this 21 st century. Groundwater is vulnerable to natural and anthropogenic pollution. In this study, groundwater collected from selected boreholes in Ovom, Yenibebel and Yenaka communities in Attisa Clan within Yenagoa metropolis were assessed for their physicochemical and heavy metals qualities, using standard analytical procedures of the World Health Organisation guidelines. The aim of the study was to determine the suitability of the boreholes water for human consumption with view to protecting public health and wellbeing. The physical parameters measured include; Electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), total suspended solid (TSS) and total hardness (TH). Chemical parameters analysed include; total alkalinity (TA), pH, Dissolved oxygen (DO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chloride (Cl), Fluoride (F), Nitrate (NO 3 ), Phosphate (PO 4 ), Sulphate (SO 4 ). Heavy metals analysed include; Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg). Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu) Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb). The results of the analysis of the water quality parameters are presented in Table 3.1. The results indicate that the physical parameters measurements were lower than the limits set in the Nigeria standard quality for drinking water (NSDQW) and the world Health Organisation (WHO) standard, in all the sampling points. However HPI evaluation revealed that water samples collected from Ovom and Yenibebel are unsafe for human consumption due to high Cadmium concentration above the recommended level of (0.003mg/l).while the boreholes water from Yenaka are safe for human consumption. It is recommended that quality of boreholes water In Yenagoa should be monitored regularly in order to protect public health.
{"title":"Environmental Challenges of Groundwater Contamination: An Assessment of Boreholes Water Quality in Ovom, Yenibebel and Yenaka Axis of Attisa Clan, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State","authors":"Walamam Mansi Egbo, Eremasi Yaguo Benjamin Ikele","doi":"10.56201/ijgem.v9.no3.2023.pg16.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijgem.v9.no3.2023.pg16.24","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater and surface water pollution are among the prominent environmental challenges facing humanity globally in this 21 st century. Groundwater is vulnerable to natural and anthropogenic pollution. In this study, groundwater collected from selected boreholes in Ovom, Yenibebel and Yenaka communities in Attisa Clan within Yenagoa metropolis were assessed for their physicochemical and heavy metals qualities, using standard analytical procedures of the World Health Organisation guidelines. The aim of the study was to determine the suitability of the boreholes water for human consumption with view to protecting public health and wellbeing. The physical parameters measured include; Electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), total suspended solid (TSS) and total hardness (TH). Chemical parameters analysed include; total alkalinity (TA), pH, Dissolved oxygen (DO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chloride (Cl), Fluoride (F), Nitrate (NO 3 ), Phosphate (PO 4 ), Sulphate (SO 4 ). Heavy metals analysed include; Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg). Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu) Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb). The results of the analysis of the water quality parameters are presented in Table 3.1. The results indicate that the physical parameters measurements were lower than the limits set in the Nigeria standard quality for drinking water (NSDQW) and the world Health Organisation (WHO) standard, in all the sampling points. However HPI evaluation revealed that water samples collected from Ovom and Yenibebel are unsafe for human consumption due to high Cadmium concentration above the recommended level of (0.003mg/l).while the boreholes water from Yenaka are safe for human consumption. It is recommended that quality of boreholes water In Yenagoa should be monitored regularly in order to protect public health.","PeriodicalId":415878,"journal":{"name":"IIARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128244455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-02DOI: 10.56201/ijgem.v9.no2.2023.pg52.60
Oladipo Michael Olukayode
This study previewed causes, frequency, extent, magnitude, intensity and charted a course of mitigating flood in Nigeria. This Study revealed the causes of flooding to include: climate change, unending rainfall, excess water from Cameroon’s Lagdo Dam, river overflow, expansion of floodplains and poor planning. In 2022 flooding affected 7 million Nigerians, 2 million internally displaced, 5,000 physically injured, 5,900 houses destroyed. The 2012 flood had the highest number of occurrences of 18 incidences, in 17 each in 2015 and 2017, in 2018 and 2019, 12 incidences. 2014 and 2016, had 1 incidence. These frequent floods were recorded in 31 out of the 36 and the FCT, severe in Benue, Kogi, Anambra, Niger, Adamawa, Oyo, Kano, Jigawa and Lagos States. The extent of flooding includes shortage of food supply, farmlands washed away; economy, health, social life and environment were also affected. Corpses floated in floods, the country was at high risks of waterborne diseases like diarrhoea, cholera and typhoid fever. However, the benefits of flooding include rendering terrorists incapable in some states; deposit rich, fertile alluvium, replenish irrigation channels, filter pollutants, nourish lands to support ecosystems and fertile areas for farming. This Study recommended that individuals should not build houses in floodplains; government should maintain dams; flood management policy and collaboration between agencies. Experts should develop awareness, enlightenment, educational and legal framework to checkmate flooding in Nigeria.
{"title":"Preview of Causes, Frequency, Extent, Magnitude and Intensity of Flooding in Nigeria","authors":"Oladipo Michael Olukayode","doi":"10.56201/ijgem.v9.no2.2023.pg52.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijgem.v9.no2.2023.pg52.60","url":null,"abstract":"This study previewed causes, frequency, extent, magnitude, intensity and charted a course of mitigating flood in Nigeria. This Study revealed the causes of flooding to include: climate change, unending rainfall, excess water from Cameroon’s Lagdo Dam, river overflow, expansion of floodplains and poor planning. In 2022 flooding affected 7 million Nigerians, 2 million internally displaced, 5,000 physically injured, 5,900 houses destroyed. The 2012 flood had the highest number of occurrences of 18 incidences, in 17 each in 2015 and 2017, in 2018 and 2019, 12 incidences. 2014 and 2016, had 1 incidence. These frequent floods were recorded in 31 out of the 36 and the FCT, severe in Benue, Kogi, Anambra, Niger, Adamawa, Oyo, Kano, Jigawa and Lagos States. The extent of flooding includes shortage of food supply, farmlands washed away; economy, health, social life and environment were also affected. Corpses floated in floods, the country was at high risks of waterborne diseases like diarrhoea, cholera and typhoid fever. However, the benefits of flooding include rendering terrorists incapable in some states; deposit rich, fertile alluvium, replenish irrigation channels, filter pollutants, nourish lands to support ecosystems and fertile areas for farming. This Study recommended that individuals should not build houses in floodplains; government should maintain dams; flood management policy and collaboration between agencies. Experts should develop awareness, enlightenment, educational and legal framework to checkmate flooding in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":415878,"journal":{"name":"IIARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129125967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-02DOI: 10.56201/ijgem.v9.no2.2023.pg10.24
E. S. Danbauchi
Temperature and Rainfall are the most important parameters in determining climatic change in any given environment. This study investigate temperature and rainfall pattern in Josmetropolis over a given 30years (1989-2018) instruments records. Experience of sudden climatic change in temperature from lower reading of temperature to high temperature as well as in rainfall necessitated the study to observe the variability in the parameters. Descriptive method was implored in the research of which data were collected from synoptic station of Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET), Heipang Jos-Plateau from 1989-2018 of temperature and rainfall. A line graph was used for the presentation of data and analytically analyzed using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) at 0.05% confidence level. The findings revealed that irregularities temperatures and rainfall which brought about climate variation the area. There was sharp increase in 2010 with a stable high temperature from 2010-2018 while rainfall recorded high rainfall in 1993, 1999 and 2018. Thus, there was no relationship between average temperature and average rainfall but strong relationship between periods of years and temperature as well as rainfall at 0.05%. Furthermore, stipulated recommendations were offered to stakeholders in Jos-Metropolis.
{"title":"Climate is changing; Temperature and Rainfall Pattern (Variability) in Jos-Metropolis, Plateau state, Nigeria","authors":"E. S. Danbauchi","doi":"10.56201/ijgem.v9.no2.2023.pg10.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijgem.v9.no2.2023.pg10.24","url":null,"abstract":"Temperature and Rainfall are the most important parameters in determining climatic change in any given environment. This study investigate temperature and rainfall pattern in Josmetropolis over a given 30years (1989-2018) instruments records. Experience of sudden climatic change in temperature from lower reading of temperature to high temperature as well as in rainfall necessitated the study to observe the variability in the parameters. Descriptive method was implored in the research of which data were collected from synoptic station of Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET), Heipang Jos-Plateau from 1989-2018 of temperature and rainfall. A line graph was used for the presentation of data and analytically analyzed using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) at 0.05% confidence level. The findings revealed that irregularities temperatures and rainfall which brought about climate variation the area. There was sharp increase in 2010 with a stable high temperature from 2010-2018 while rainfall recorded high rainfall in 1993, 1999 and 2018. Thus, there was no relationship between average temperature and average rainfall but strong relationship between periods of years and temperature as well as rainfall at 0.05%. Furthermore, stipulated recommendations were offered to stakeholders in Jos-Metropolis.","PeriodicalId":415878,"journal":{"name":"IIARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134361434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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