This study assessed the effects of two hormones, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), on ovulatory responses during different diestrous stages in lactating dairy cows. Estrous cycles of 21 cows were synchronized and were enrolled in stage 1 of the experiment. The cows were treated with a prostaglandin (PG) F2α analog either 9 to 10 days [mid-diestrus (MD) group] or 5.5 to 6.5 days [early-diestrus (ED) group] after synchronized ovulation (day 0 = first PGF2α administration). On day 2, the cows were administrated 250 μg GnRH or 3000 IU hCG. Ovulation was determined every 2 h from 24 to 36 h after GnRH or hCG administration, and then every 4 h up to 72 h until ovulation. Cows in stage 2 were administered these treatments in the reverse order. The results indicated that average ovulation times in cows treated with GnRH in the MD group (GnRH-MD group) and cows treated with GnRH in the ED group (GnRH-ED group) were 30.0 ± 1.0 h and 28.8 ± 0.4 h, respectively. However, ovulation times for cows treated with hCG in the MD group (hCG-MD group) and cows treated with hCG in the ED group (hCG-ED group) were 35.8 ± 4.6 h and 32.8 ± 2.2 h, respectively, and ovulation occurred significantly later in the hCG-treated groups than in the GnRH-treated groups. In summary, we found that hCG-induced ovulation occurred later than GnRH-induced ovulation regardless of different diestrous peroids; however, the two treatments did not differ in terms of percentage of ovulation.
{"title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-induced ovulation occurs later but with equal occurrence in lactating dairy cows: comparing hCG and gonadotropin-releasing hormone protocols","authors":"Tsung-Ching Liu, Chia-Tang Ho, Kuang-Po Li, Chao-Chin Chang, Jacky Peng-Wen Chan","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2019-037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2019-037","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the effects of two hormones, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), on ovulatory responses during different diestrous stages in lactating dairy cows. Estrous cycles of 21 cows were synchronized and were enrolled in stage 1 of the experiment. The cows were treated with a prostaglandin (PG) F2α analog either 9 to 10 days [mid-diestrus (MD) group] or 5.5 to 6.5 days [early-diestrus (ED) group] after synchronized ovulation (day 0 = first PGF2α administration). On day 2, the cows were administrated 250 μg GnRH or 3000 IU hCG. Ovulation was determined every 2 h from 24 to 36 h after GnRH or hCG administration, and then every 4 h up to 72 h until ovulation. Cows in stage 2 were administered these treatments in the reverse order. The results indicated that average ovulation times in cows treated with GnRH in the MD group (GnRH-MD group) and cows treated with GnRH in the ED group (GnRH-ED group) were 30.0 ± 1.0 h and 28.8 ± 0.4 h, respectively. However, ovulation times for cows treated with hCG in the MD group (hCG-MD group) and cows treated with hCG in the ED group (hCG-ED group) were 35.8 ± 4.6 h and 32.8 ± 2.2 h, respectively, and ovulation occurred significantly later in the hCG-treated groups than in the GnRH-treated groups. In summary, we found that hCG-induced ovulation occurred later than GnRH-induced ovulation regardless of different diestrous peroids; however, the two treatments did not differ in terms of percentage of ovulation.","PeriodicalId":416064,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122857163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Munakata, Ayaka Sugimoto, K. Shirasuna, T. Kuwayama, H. Iwata
Early antral follicle (EAF)-derived porcine oocytes develop more readily on polyacrylamide-gel (PAG) than on plastic plates. Xanthan gum (XG) and locust bean gum (LBG) are edible polysaccharides. We investigated XG-LBG gel supports in the development of EAF-derived porcine oocytes. XG and LBG were mixed in a 1:1 ratio to form a substrate. We cultured oocyte granulosa cell complexes (OGCs) from the EAFs on XG-LBG gels of various concentrations. The oocyte diameters were comparable among the 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0% gels; granulosa cell proliferation was greater on the 1.0% gel. The proliferation and survival rates of the granulosa cells, and the histone H4 at lysine 12 acetylation levels were higher in OGCs cultured on 1.0% XG-LBG than those grown on 0.3% PAG. Development to the blastocyst stage was 13.8% for the XG-LBG gels and 9.4% for PAG. In conclusion, XG-LBG are safe and efficient substrates for in vitro culture of oocytes.
{"title":"Xanthan gum and Locust bean gum gel supports in vitro development of porcine oocytes derived from early antral follicles","authors":"Y. Munakata, Ayaka Sugimoto, K. Shirasuna, T. Kuwayama, H. Iwata","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2019-074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2019-074","url":null,"abstract":"Early antral follicle (EAF)-derived porcine oocytes develop more readily on polyacrylamide-gel (PAG) than on plastic plates. Xanthan gum (XG) and locust bean gum (LBG) are edible polysaccharides. We investigated XG-LBG gel supports in the development of EAF-derived porcine oocytes. XG and LBG were mixed in a 1:1 ratio to form a substrate. We cultured oocyte granulosa cell complexes (OGCs) from the EAFs on XG-LBG gels of various concentrations. The oocyte diameters were comparable among the 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0% gels; granulosa cell proliferation was greater on the 1.0% gel. The proliferation and survival rates of the granulosa cells, and the histone H4 at lysine 12 acetylation levels were higher in OGCs cultured on 1.0% XG-LBG than those grown on 0.3% PAG. Development to the blastocyst stage was 13.8% for the XG-LBG gels and 9.4% for PAG. In conclusion, XG-LBG are safe and efficient substrates for in vitro culture of oocytes.","PeriodicalId":416064,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129375840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Miwa, S. Matsuyama, Sho Nakamura, Kohei Noda, M. Sakatani
Prediction of parturition is essential for sustainable production in beef and dairy cattle, yet the present methods are limited by their high invasiveness and low utility. Here we compared prepartum changes in ventral tail base surface temperature (ST) with changes in vaginal temperature (VT) and behavioral indices. We analyzed 22 parturitions from 22 beef cows. Changes in daily values of ST, VT, and behavioral indices over the 7 days before parturition were investigated. Hourly values were calculated as the actual values minus the mean values for the same hour over a 3-day period, and the changes in hourly values over the 48 h before parturition were investigated. To test the effect of ambient temperature, tested cows were assigned to two season-groups based on the ambient temperature to which they were exposed (warm: n = 13; cool: n = 9), and the daily and hourly values of the indices were compared between seasons. A decrease in ST occurred approximately 30 h before parturition, which was similar to the time of the decrease in VT and earlier than the increase of behavioral indices. In addition, a unique fluctuation of ST observed in the last few hours before parturition indicates that ST could provide a sign for parturition not only in the long-term like VT, but also in the short-term like behavioral indices. Although ST was more sensitive to ambient temperature than VT or the behavioral indices, the day of parturition could be predicted from ST in both the warm and cool seasons.
预测分娩对肉牛和奶牛的可持续生产至关重要，但目前的方法受其高侵入性和低实用性的限制。在此，我们比较了阴道温度(VT)和腹尾基底表面温度(ST)的变化和行为指标的变化。我们分析了22头肉牛的22次分娩。观察分娩前7天每日ST、VT及行为指标的变化。每小时数值以实际值减去3天内同一小时的平均值计算，并调查分娩前48小时内每小时数值的变化。为了测试环境温度的影响，根据奶牛所处的环境温度，将奶牛分为两个季节组(温暖组:n = 13;Cool: n = 9)，比较季节间各指数的日、时值。ST在分娩前30 h左右出现下降，与VT下降时间相近，且早于行为指标的上升时间。此外，在分娩前最后几个小时观察到的独特的ST波动表明，ST不仅可以在VT等长期指标上为分娩提供信号，也可以在短期行为指标上为分娩提供信号。虽然ST对环境温度的敏感性高于VT或行为指标，但在暖季和寒季均可通过ST预测分娩日期。
{"title":"Prepartum change in ventral tail base surface temperature in beef cattle: comparison with vaginal temperature and behavior indices, and effect of ambient temperature","authors":"M. Miwa, S. Matsuyama, Sho Nakamura, Kohei Noda, M. Sakatani","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2019-087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2019-087","url":null,"abstract":"Prediction of parturition is essential for sustainable production in beef and dairy cattle, yet the present methods are limited by their high invasiveness and low utility. Here we compared prepartum changes in ventral tail base surface temperature (ST) with changes in vaginal temperature (VT) and behavioral indices. We analyzed 22 parturitions from 22 beef cows. Changes in daily values of ST, VT, and behavioral indices over the 7 days before parturition were investigated. Hourly values were calculated as the actual values minus the mean values for the same hour over a 3-day period, and the changes in hourly values over the 48 h before parturition were investigated. To test the effect of ambient temperature, tested cows were assigned to two season-groups based on the ambient temperature to which they were exposed (warm: n = 13; cool: n = 9), and the daily and hourly values of the indices were compared between seasons. A decrease in ST occurred approximately 30 h before parturition, which was similar to the time of the decrease in VT and earlier than the increase of behavioral indices. In addition, a unique fluctuation of ST observed in the last few hours before parturition indicates that ST could provide a sign for parturition not only in the long-term like VT, but also in the short-term like behavioral indices. Although ST was more sensitive to ambient temperature than VT or the behavioral indices, the day of parturition could be predicted from ST in both the warm and cool seasons.","PeriodicalId":416064,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126966328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Animal cloning technology has been developed to produce progenies genetically identical to a given donor cell. However, in nuclear transfer protocols, the recipient oocytes contribute a heritable mitochondrial genomic (mtDNA) background to the progeny. Additionally, a small amount of donor cell-derived mitochondria accompanies the transferred nucleus in the process; hence, the mtDNAs of two origins are mixed in the cytoplasm (heteroplasmy) of the reconstituted oocyte. Herein, I would like to introduce some of our previous results concerning five key considerations associated with animal cloning, including: mtDNA heteroplasmy in somatic cell nuclear transferred (SCNT) animals, the variation in the transmission of mtDNA heteroplasmy to subsequent generations SCNT cows and pigs, the influence of mtDNA sequence differences on mitochondrial proteins in SCNT cows and pigs, the effects of the introduction of mitochondria derived from somatic cells into recipient oocytes on embryonic development, and alterations of mtDNA heteroplasmy in inter/intraspecies nuclear transfer embryos.
{"title":"Functional consequences of mitochondrial mismatch in reconstituted embryos and offspring","authors":"K. Takeda","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2019-089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2019-089","url":null,"abstract":"Animal cloning technology has been developed to produce progenies genetically identical to a given donor cell. However, in nuclear transfer protocols, the recipient oocytes contribute a heritable mitochondrial genomic (mtDNA) background to the progeny. Additionally, a small amount of donor cell-derived mitochondria accompanies the transferred nucleus in the process; hence, the mtDNAs of two origins are mixed in the cytoplasm (heteroplasmy) of the reconstituted oocyte. Herein, I would like to introduce some of our previous results concerning five key considerations associated with animal cloning, including: mtDNA heteroplasmy in somatic cell nuclear transferred (SCNT) animals, the variation in the transmission of mtDNA heteroplasmy to subsequent generations SCNT cows and pigs, the influence of mtDNA sequence differences on mitochondrial proteins in SCNT cows and pigs, the effects of the introduction of mitochondria derived from somatic cells into recipient oocytes on embryonic development, and alterations of mtDNA heteroplasmy in inter/intraspecies nuclear transfer embryos.","PeriodicalId":416064,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131007028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Toshiki Aiba, Toshiyuki Saito, A. Hayashi, Shinji Sato, H. Yunokawa, M. Fukami, Y. Hayashi, K. Mizuno, Yuichi Sato, Y. Kojima, S. Ohsako
The incidence of male reproductive system disorders, especially hypospadias, has been increasing in developed countries since the latter half of the 20th century. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals from the environment are considered to be involved in hypospadias onset through epigenetic alterations. This pilot study aimed to explore disease-specific methylated CpGs in human patient samples using the methylated-site display-amplified fragment length polymorphism (MSD-AFLP) technique developed by our research group [1]. We compared clinical samples from hypospadias and phimosis patients. Foreskin and blood samples were collected from one- to two-year-old patients with hypospadias (N = 3) and phimosis (N = 3) during surgical treatment. MSD-AFLP analysis showed significantly decreased CpG-methylation levels of genes such as MYH11 and increased CpG-methylation levels of genes such as PLA2G15 in hypospadias patients. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that genes with significantly altered CpG levels were more markedly altered in DNA from blood than from foreskin. Because of the small number of samples, further investigation is necessary to elucidate the association between variations in CpG levels in foreskin and blood DNA and male genital abnormalities. However, our MSD-AFLP method appears to be a useful tool for exploring disease-specific methylated-CpGs in human epidemiological studies.
{"title":"Exploring disease-specific methylated CpGs in human male genital abnormalities by using methylated-site display-amplified fragment length polymorphism (MSD-AFLP)","authors":"Toshiki Aiba, Toshiyuki Saito, A. Hayashi, Shinji Sato, H. Yunokawa, M. Fukami, Y. Hayashi, K. Mizuno, Yuichi Sato, Y. Kojima, S. Ohsako","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2019-069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2019-069","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of male reproductive system disorders, especially hypospadias, has been increasing in developed countries since the latter half of the 20th century. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals from the environment are considered to be involved in hypospadias onset through epigenetic alterations. This pilot study aimed to explore disease-specific methylated CpGs in human patient samples using the methylated-site display-amplified fragment length polymorphism (MSD-AFLP) technique developed by our research group [1]. We compared clinical samples from hypospadias and phimosis patients. Foreskin and blood samples were collected from one- to two-year-old patients with hypospadias (N = 3) and phimosis (N = 3) during surgical treatment. MSD-AFLP analysis showed significantly decreased CpG-methylation levels of genes such as MYH11 and increased CpG-methylation levels of genes such as PLA2G15 in hypospadias patients. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that genes with significantly altered CpG levels were more markedly altered in DNA from blood than from foreskin. Because of the small number of samples, further investigation is necessary to elucidate the association between variations in CpG levels in foreskin and blood DNA and male genital abnormalities. However, our MSD-AFLP method appears to be a useful tool for exploring disease-specific methylated-CpGs in human epidemiological studies.","PeriodicalId":416064,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127979360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Mochida, A. Hasegawa, N. Ogonuki, K. Inoue, A. Ogura
Mature male mice (aged 10–12 weeks or older) are conventionally used for in vitro fertilization (IVF) in order to achieve high fertilization rates (e.g., > 70%). Here, we sought to determine the earliest age at which male mice (C57BL/6J strain) can be used efficiently for producing offspring via IVF. Because we noted that the addition of reduced glutathione (GSH) to the IVF medium significantly increased the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa from prepubertal males, we used this IVF protocol for all experiments. Spermatozoa first reached the caudal region of the epididymides at day 35; however, they were unable to fertilize oocytes. Caudal epididymal spermatozoa first became competent for oocyte fertilization at day 37, albeit at a low rate (2.9%). A high fertilization rate (72.0%) was obtained at day 40, and 52.4% of the embryos thus obtained developed into offspring after embryo transfer. Moreover, we found that corpus epididymal spermatozoa in prepubertal mice could fertilize oocytes; however, the fertilization rates were always < 50%, regardless of the age of the males. Caput epididymal spermatozoa failed to fertilize oocytes irrespective of the age of the males. Therefore, we propose that caudal epididymal spermatozoa from male mice aged 40 days can be efficiently used for IVF, to obtain offspring in the shortest attainable time. This protocol will reduce the turnover time required for the generation of mice by ~1 month compared with that of the conventional IVF protocol.
{"title":"Early production of offspring by in vitro fertilization using first-wave spermatozoa from prepubertal male mice","authors":"K. Mochida, A. Hasegawa, N. Ogonuki, K. Inoue, A. Ogura","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2019-042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2019-042","url":null,"abstract":"Mature male mice (aged 10–12 weeks or older) are conventionally used for in vitro fertilization (IVF) in order to achieve high fertilization rates (e.g., > 70%). Here, we sought to determine the earliest age at which male mice (C57BL/6J strain) can be used efficiently for producing offspring via IVF. Because we noted that the addition of reduced glutathione (GSH) to the IVF medium significantly increased the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa from prepubertal males, we used this IVF protocol for all experiments. Spermatozoa first reached the caudal region of the epididymides at day 35; however, they were unable to fertilize oocytes. Caudal epididymal spermatozoa first became competent for oocyte fertilization at day 37, albeit at a low rate (2.9%). A high fertilization rate (72.0%) was obtained at day 40, and 52.4% of the embryos thus obtained developed into offspring after embryo transfer. Moreover, we found that corpus epididymal spermatozoa in prepubertal mice could fertilize oocytes; however, the fertilization rates were always < 50%, regardless of the age of the males. Caput epididymal spermatozoa failed to fertilize oocytes irrespective of the age of the males. Therefore, we propose that caudal epididymal spermatozoa from male mice aged 40 days can be efficiently used for IVF, to obtain offspring in the shortest attainable time. This protocol will reduce the turnover time required for the generation of mice by ~1 month compared with that of the conventional IVF protocol.","PeriodicalId":416064,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125489291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Differentiated nuclei can be reprogrammed/remodelled to totipotency after their transfer to enucleated metaphase II (MII) oocytes. The process of reprogramming/remodelling is, however, only partially characterized. It has been shown that the oocyte nucleus (germinal vesicle – GV) components are essential for a successful remodelling of the transferred nucleus by providing the materials for pseudo-nucleus formation. However, the nucleus is a complex structure and exactly what nuclear components are required for a successful nucleus remodelling and reprogramming is unknown. Till date, the only nuclear sub-structure experimentally demonstrated to be essential is the oocyte nucleolus (nucleolus-like body, NLB). In this study, we investigated what other GV components might be necessary for the formation of normal-sized pseudo-pronuclei (PNs). Our results showed that the removal of the GV nuclear envelope with attached chromatin and chromatin-bound factors does not substantially influence the size of the remodelled nuclei in reconstructed cells and that their nuclear envelopes seem to have normal parameters. Rather than the insoluble nuclear lamina, the GV content, which is dissolved in the cytoplasm with the onset of oocyte maturation, influences the characteristics and size of transferred nuclei.
{"title":"Dissecting the role of the germinal vesicle nuclear envelope and soluble content in the process of somatic cell remodelling and reprogramming","authors":"H. Fulka, A. Ogura, P. Loi, J. Fulka","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2019-017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2019-017","url":null,"abstract":"Differentiated nuclei can be reprogrammed/remodelled to totipotency after their transfer to enucleated metaphase II (MII) oocytes. The process of reprogramming/remodelling is, however, only partially characterized. It has been shown that the oocyte nucleus (germinal vesicle – GV) components are essential for a successful remodelling of the transferred nucleus by providing the materials for pseudo-nucleus formation. However, the nucleus is a complex structure and exactly what nuclear components are required for a successful nucleus remodelling and reprogramming is unknown. Till date, the only nuclear sub-structure experimentally demonstrated to be essential is the oocyte nucleolus (nucleolus-like body, NLB). In this study, we investigated what other GV components might be necessary for the formation of normal-sized pseudo-pronuclei (PNs). Our results showed that the removal of the GV nuclear envelope with attached chromatin and chromatin-bound factors does not substantially influence the size of the remodelled nuclei in reconstructed cells and that their nuclear envelopes seem to have normal parameters. Rather than the insoluble nuclear lamina, the GV content, which is dissolved in the cytoplasm with the onset of oocyte maturation, influences the characteristics and size of transferred nuclei.","PeriodicalId":416064,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131588515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. P. Rahayu, N. Endo, Shinji Kuwai, S. Oishi, Tomomi Tanaka
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a newly developed NK3 receptor agonist (B21-750) on the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in association with ovarian steroid hormones during the follicular phase (FP, n = 5) and luteal phase (LP, n = 5) of Shiba goats. The FP group was treated with both prostaglandin F2α and progesterone-controlled internal drug release (CIDR) inserts for 10 d, and B21-750 (200 nmol) was injected 12 h after removing the CIDR. Meanwhile, the LP group received B21-750 injections on a day during the mid-luteal phase. LH secretion increased at 1 h after B21-750 injection in both groups. The percent changes in the area under the curve of LH was higher during the hour after injection than during the hour before injection in both groups. Thus, this study demonstrated that B21-750 induces rapid LH secretion for a short period during both the follicular and luteal phases.
本研究旨在探讨新研制的NK3受体激动剂(B21-750)对火巴山羊卵泡期(FP, n = 5)和黄体期(LP, n = 5)黄体生成素(LH)和卵巢类固醇激素分泌的影响。FP组同时给予前列腺素F2α和孕酮控制内释放(CIDR)插入剂治疗10 d，取出CIDR后12 h注射B21-750 (200 nmol)。同时，LP组在黄体中期每天注射B21-750。注射B21-750后1 h，两组LH分泌均有所增加。两组患者LH曲线下面积变化百分比在注射后1小时内均高于注射前1小时。因此，本研究表明B21-750在卵泡期和黄体期都能在短时间内诱导黄体生成素的快速分泌。
{"title":"The efficacy of a newly developed neurokinin 3 receptor agonist B21-750 on luteinizing hormone secretion in cycling goats","authors":"L. P. Rahayu, N. Endo, Shinji Kuwai, S. Oishi, Tomomi Tanaka","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2019-038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2019-038","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a newly developed NK3 receptor agonist (B21-750) on the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in association with ovarian steroid hormones during the follicular phase (FP, n = 5) and luteal phase (LP, n = 5) of Shiba goats. The FP group was treated with both prostaglandin F2α and progesterone-controlled internal drug release (CIDR) inserts for 10 d, and B21-750 (200 nmol) was injected 12 h after removing the CIDR. Meanwhile, the LP group received B21-750 injections on a day during the mid-luteal phase. LH secretion increased at 1 h after B21-750 injection in both groups. The percent changes in the area under the curve of LH was higher during the hour after injection than during the hour before injection in both groups. Thus, this study demonstrated that B21-750 induces rapid LH secretion for a short period during both the follicular and luteal phases.","PeriodicalId":416064,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131645476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Lei, Junbang Ge, Hui Zhao, Xiangguo Wang, Lei Yang
The decrease in the level of estradiol (E2) in granulosa cells caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is one of the major causes of infertility underlying postpartum uterine infections; the precise molecular mechanism of which remains elusive. This study investigated the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in LPS-induced E2 decrease in mouse granulosa cells. Our results showed that LPS increased the pro-inflammatory cytokines [(interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α)], activated ER stress marker protein expression [(glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP)], and decreased cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1 (Cyp19a1) expression and E2 production. Moreover, inhibition of ER stress by 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) attenuated thapsigargin-(TG, ER stress agonist) or LPS-induced reduction of Cyp19a1 and E2, pro-inflammatory cytokines expression (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α), and the expression of CHOP and GRP78. Additionally, inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by resatorvid (TAK-242) reversed the inhibitory effects of LPS on Cyp19a1 expression and E2 production, activation of GRP78 and CHOP, and expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. In summary, our study suggests that ER stress is involved in LPS-inhibited E2 production in mouse granulosa cells.
{"title":"Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in lipopolysaccharide-inhibited mouse granulosa cell estradiol production","authors":"L. Lei, Junbang Ge, Hui Zhao, Xiangguo Wang, Lei Yang","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2019-052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2019-052","url":null,"abstract":"The decrease in the level of estradiol (E2) in granulosa cells caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is one of the major causes of infertility underlying postpartum uterine infections; the precise molecular mechanism of which remains elusive. This study investigated the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in LPS-induced E2 decrease in mouse granulosa cells. Our results showed that LPS increased the pro-inflammatory cytokines [(interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α)], activated ER stress marker protein expression [(glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP)], and decreased cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1 (Cyp19a1) expression and E2 production. Moreover, inhibition of ER stress by 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) attenuated thapsigargin-(TG, ER stress agonist) or LPS-induced reduction of Cyp19a1 and E2, pro-inflammatory cytokines expression (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α), and the expression of CHOP and GRP78. Additionally, inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by resatorvid (TAK-242) reversed the inhibitory effects of LPS on Cyp19a1 expression and E2 production, activation of GRP78 and CHOP, and expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. In summary, our study suggests that ER stress is involved in LPS-inhibited E2 production in mouse granulosa cells.","PeriodicalId":416064,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130335352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Samir, M. Kandiel, A. A. El-Maaty, Manila Sediqyar, K. Sasaki, G. Watanabe
This study aimed at investigating the efficacy of two protocols of estrous synchronization on follicular changes and hemodynamics. Pluriparous Egyptian buffaloes (n = 36) were synchronized either with controlled internal drug release (CIDR)-PGF2α (7-days CIDR insert with PGF2α injected on the 6th day; n = 18) or Ovsynch-CIDR (Ovsynch protocol concurrent with 7-days CIDR insert; n = 18). Blood sampling and ovarian ultrasound examinations (Grayscale, color and power Doppler modes) were conducted on the Day of CIDR removal, estrus, and luteal phase. Mean follicle diameter (MFD), first (1st-LF) and second (2nd-LF) largest follicle diameters, and E2 levels significantly increased in the CIDR-PGF2α group at CIDR withdrawal. Ovsynch-CIDR markedly fortified higher follicle population, MFD, and 1st-LF diameter at estrus and corpus luteum (CL) volume at the luteal phase in concomitant with increases (P < 0.05) in E2 (at estrus) and P4 (at luteal phase). At CIDR removal, the blue pixels in the dominant follicle (DF) were higher (1.5 times; P = 0.054) in the Ovsynch-CIDR than in the CIDR-PGF2α. At estrus, total blood flow (TBF) and power Doppler pixels (PDP) to DF(s) were noticeably higher (seven and 1.6 times; respectively) in the Ovsynch-CIDR than in CIDR-PGF2α (5906 ± 237 vs. 830 ± 60 pixels, P < 0.01 and 5479 ± 322 vs. 3377 ± 19 pixels, P < 0.05; respectively). At the luteal phase, TBF and PDP to the CL increased in the Ovsynch-CIDR group than in the CIDR-PGF2α group (11060 ± 965 vs. 7963 ± 480 pixels, 1.4 times, P = 0.05 and 18900 ± 1350 vs. 13220 ± 568 pixels, 1.1 times, P = 0.005; respectively). In conclusion, based on the improvement in synchronized follicular activity and hemodynamics, the Ovsynch-CIDR regimen is persuaded in Egyptian buffaloes.
{"title":"Ovarian follicular changes and hemodynamics in Egyptian buffaloes under CIDR-PGF2α and Ovsynch-CIDR estrus synchronization treatments","authors":"H. Samir, M. Kandiel, A. A. El-Maaty, Manila Sediqyar, K. Sasaki, G. Watanabe","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2019-035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2019-035","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at investigating the efficacy of two protocols of estrous synchronization on follicular changes and hemodynamics. Pluriparous Egyptian buffaloes (n = 36) were synchronized either with controlled internal drug release (CIDR)-PGF2α (7-days CIDR insert with PGF2α injected on the 6th day; n = 18) or Ovsynch-CIDR (Ovsynch protocol concurrent with 7-days CIDR insert; n = 18). Blood sampling and ovarian ultrasound examinations (Grayscale, color and power Doppler modes) were conducted on the Day of CIDR removal, estrus, and luteal phase. Mean follicle diameter (MFD), first (1st-LF) and second (2nd-LF) largest follicle diameters, and E2 levels significantly increased in the CIDR-PGF2α group at CIDR withdrawal. Ovsynch-CIDR markedly fortified higher follicle population, MFD, and 1st-LF diameter at estrus and corpus luteum (CL) volume at the luteal phase in concomitant with increases (P < 0.05) in E2 (at estrus) and P4 (at luteal phase). At CIDR removal, the blue pixels in the dominant follicle (DF) were higher (1.5 times; P = 0.054) in the Ovsynch-CIDR than in the CIDR-PGF2α. At estrus, total blood flow (TBF) and power Doppler pixels (PDP) to DF(s) were noticeably higher (seven and 1.6 times; respectively) in the Ovsynch-CIDR than in CIDR-PGF2α (5906 ± 237 vs. 830 ± 60 pixels, P < 0.01 and 5479 ± 322 vs. 3377 ± 19 pixels, P < 0.05; respectively). At the luteal phase, TBF and PDP to the CL increased in the Ovsynch-CIDR group than in the CIDR-PGF2α group (11060 ± 965 vs. 7963 ± 480 pixels, 1.4 times, P = 0.05 and 18900 ± 1350 vs. 13220 ± 568 pixels, 1.1 times, P = 0.005; respectively). In conclusion, based on the improvement in synchronized follicular activity and hemodynamics, the Ovsynch-CIDR regimen is persuaded in Egyptian buffaloes.","PeriodicalId":416064,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133624167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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