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Influence of «sensory prehistory» on the ambiguous stimuli processing in the human brain “感觉史前”对人脑模糊刺激处理的影响
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.18500/0869-6632-2022-30-1-57-75
Alexander Kuc, V. Maksimenko, A. Hramov
Purpose of this work is to study the effect of previous sensory information on the brain’s processing of current visual stimuli. Bistable images (Necker cubes) with a high degree of ambiguity (HA) and a low degree of ambiguity (LA) were used as visual stimuli. Methods. In this paper, we used wavelets to identify features of the brain activity signals. A multivariate analysis of variance was used to compare behavioral characteristics. Spectral power and event-related spectral perturbations were compared via a cluster-based permutation test using the FieldTrip package for Matlab. Results. We found that when the HA stimuli followed the LA stimuli, the activity of neurons in the sensory areas decreased in the early processing stage but increased in the later stages. This result confirmed the hierarchical organization of processing, where the low levels processed the details of the stimulus, and the high levels represented its interpretation. We supposed that processing of HA and LA stimuli was similar at low levels due to their similar morphology. Therefore, the brain might use the LA stimulus template at low levels to reduce the demands when processing the details of the HA stimulus. When the LA stimulus followed the HA stimulus, a weakened response in the sensory regions accompanied a high response in the frontal cortex. It reflected activation of the top-down cognitive functions, detecting a mismatch between the LA stimulus and the HA stimulus template. Conclusion. These results expanded the existing knowledge about the sensory processing mechanisms.
本研究的目的是研究先前的感觉信息对大脑处理当前视觉刺激的影响。使用高模糊度(HA)和低模糊度(LA)的双稳态图像(Necker立方体)作为视觉刺激。方法。在本文中,我们使用小波来识别大脑活动信号的特征。采用多变量方差分析比较行为特征。光谱功率和事件相关的光谱扰动通过使用Matlab的FieldTrip包进行基于聚类的排列测试进行比较。结果。我们发现,当HA刺激后LA刺激时,感觉区神经元的活动在加工前期下降,但在加工后期增加。这一结果证实了加工的分层组织,其中低水平处理刺激的细节,而高水平代表其解释。我们认为HA和LA刺激的加工在低水平上是相似的,因为它们的形态相似。因此,大脑在处理HA刺激细节时,可能会使用低水平的LA刺激模板来减少需求。当LA刺激紧随HA刺激时,感觉区反应减弱,额叶皮层反应高。它反映了自上而下的认知功能的激活,检测了LA刺激和HA刺激模板之间的不匹配。结论。这些结果扩展了现有的关于感觉加工机制的知识。
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引用次数: 0
Hemodynamic response in the motor cortex to execution of different types of movements 运动皮层对不同类型运动的血流动力学反应
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.18500/0869-6632-2022-30-1-96-108
Artem Badarin, V. Grubov, A. Andreev, V. Antipov, S. Kurkin
Purpose of this work is the analysis of the hemodynamic response to the execution of various types of movements (single movement, series of movements, “tapping”) by the right hand. Methods. In this paper, the hemodynamic response was recorded using functional near infrared spectroscopy (NIRScout instrument from NIRx, Germany). The NIRScout system uses 16 optodes (8 sources and 8 detectors) to record the hemodynamic response in the cerebral cortex with a sampling rate of 7.8125 Hz. Optodes are non-invasively placed on the patient’s scalp by inserting into the sockets of a special cap “EASYCAP”. Results. We show that the total hemodynamic response in the motor cortex of the left hemisphere slightly differs between all the considered types of movement, while the severity of contralaterality demonstrates significant differences between the types of movements. Contralaterality is most pronounced when performing a series of movements, while a single squeeze of the hand causes the least contralaterality. Conclusion. The results obtained in this paper demonstrate the high sensitivity of functional near-infrared spectroscopy technology to the performance of various types of movements. It should be especially noted here short single hand squeezes, which are clearly visible on the characteristics of HbO and HbR, which can be used in the development and design of various brain – computer interfaces, including multimodal ones.
这项工作的目的是分析右手执行各种类型的动作(单个动作,一系列动作,“轻拍”)时的血液动力学反应。方法。本文采用功能近红外光谱(德国NIRx公司的NIRScout仪器)记录了血流动力学响应。NIRScout系统使用16个光电器件(8个光源和8个检测器)记录大脑皮层的血流动力学响应,采样率为7.8125 Hz。通过插入一种特殊帽“EASYCAP”的插座,将光电器件非侵入性地放置在患者的头皮上。结果。我们发现左半球运动皮层的总体血流动力学反应在所有考虑的运动类型之间略有不同,而对侧性的严重程度在运动类型之间表现出显著差异。当进行一系列动作时,对侧性最为明显,而单次握紧手导致的对侧性最少。结论。本文的研究结果表明,功能近红外光谱技术对各种类型运动的性能具有很高的灵敏度。这里需要特别指出的是,单手挤压的时间很短,这在HbO和HbR的特性上是清晰可见的,它可以用于各种脑机接口的开发和设计,包括多模态接口。
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引用次数: 8
Synchronization of excitation waves in a two-layer network of FitzHugh–Nagumo neurons with noise modulation of interlayer coupling parameters 基于层间耦合参数噪声调制的FitzHugh-Nagumo神经元两层网络激励波同步
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.18500/0869-6632-003016
I. Ramazanov, I. Korneev, A. Slepnev, T. Vadivasova
The purpose of this work is to study the possibility of synchronization of wave processes in distributed excitable systems by means of noise modulation of the coupling strength between them. Methods. A simple model of a neural network, which consists of two coupled layers of excitable FitzHugh–Nagumo oscillators with a ring topology, is studied by numerical simulation methods. The connection between the layers has a random component, which is set for each pair of coupled oscillators by independent sources of colored Gaussian noise. Results. The possibility to obtain a regime close to full (in-phase) synchronization of traveling waves in the case of identical interacting layers and a regime of synchronization of wave propagation velocities in the case of non-identical layers differing in the values of the coefficients of intra-layer coupling is shown for certain values of parameters of coupling noise (intensity and correlation time). Conclusion. It is shown that the effects of synchronization of phases and propagation velocities of excitation waves in ensembles of neurons can be controlled using random processes of interaction of excitable oscillators set by statistically independent noise sources. In this case, both the noise intensity and its correlation time can serve as control parameters. The results obtained on a simple model can be quite general.
本工作的目的是研究在分布式可激系统中,通过噪声调制它们之间的耦合强度来实现波过程同步的可能性。方法。用数值模拟方法研究了由两层环状可激FitzHugh-Nagumo振子组成的简单神经网络模型。层之间的连接具有随机分量,该分量由独立的彩色高斯噪声源设置为每对耦合振荡器。结果。对于耦合噪声参数(强度和相关时间)的某些值,表明在相同相互作用层的情况下,获得接近行波完全(同相)同步的状态的可能性,以及在层内耦合系数值不同的非相同层的情况下获得波传播速度同步的状态。结论。研究表明,神经元群中激励波的相位同步和传播速度的影响可以通过统计独立噪声源设置的可激励振子相互作用的随机过程来控制。在这种情况下,噪声强度和相关时间都可以作为控制参数。在一个简单的模型上得到的结果是相当普遍的。
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引用次数: 0
Ring generator of neuron-like activity with tunable frequency 具有频率可调的神经元样活动的环形发生器
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.18500/0869-6632-003025
N. Egorov, M. Sysoeva, V. Ponomarenko, M. Kornilov, I. Sysoev
The aim of the work is to build a radiophysical generator of neuron-like activity with a frequency tunable in various ways, corresponding to modern ideas about the structure of the hippocampus and the generation of pathological epileptic rhythms in it. Methods. The elements of the generator are radio engineering implementations of the complete FitzHugh– Nagumo neuron and the electronic implementation of a chemical synapse in the form of a sigmoid function with a delayed argument. The simulation was carried out in the SPICE simulator. Results. Various ways of introducing delay into the coupling are considered: an ideal delay line, a phase filter with a rheostat, one tunable Bessel filter, and a sequence of non-tunable Bessel filters. For circuit implementation, the approach using a Bessel filter with a rheostat is recognized as optimal as a compromise between simplicity and minimization of signal distortion. The dependences of the oscillation frequency on the number of elements in the ring and the delay time are constructed. The bistability of generation regimes is studied for certain values of the parameters. The effect of inclusion of inhibitory elements (interneurons) in the circuit is considered. Conclusion. The constructed ring generator models the experimentally observed properties of the dynamics of epileptic discharge fundamental frequency in limbic epilepsy. It is able to reproduce the occurrence of oscillations as a result of external short-term driving, smooth and sharp frequency tuning, the coexistence of different modes with the same parameters.
这项工作的目的是建立一个类似神经元活动的放射物理发生器,其频率可以以各种方式调节,与海马体结构和病理癫痫节律产生的现代观点相对应。方法。发生器的元件是完整的FitzHugh - Nagumo神经元的无线电工程实现和具有延迟参数的s型函数形式的化学突触的电子实现。仿真在SPICE模拟器中进行。结果。考虑了将延迟引入耦合的各种方法:理想延迟线,带变阻器的相位滤波器,一个可调谐贝塞尔滤波器和一系列不可调谐贝塞尔滤波器。对于电路实现,使用贝塞尔滤波器和变阻器的方法被认为是最优的,因为它在简单性和最小化信号失真之间取得了折衷。构造了振荡频率与环中元素数和延迟时间的关系。在一定的参数值下,研究了发电系统的双稳定性。包含抑制性的影响元素(中间神经元)的电路。结论。所构建的环形发生器模拟了实验观察到的边缘癫痫放电基频的动态特性。它能够再现由于外部短期驱动、平滑和尖锐的频率调谐、相同参数下不同模式的共存而产生的振荡。
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引用次数: 3
To the 70th anniversary of the Department of Electronics, Oscillations and Waves 为电子学、振荡与波系成立70周年干杯
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.18500/0869-6632-003017
Sergej Grishin, Irina Rempen, Mihail Perchenko
On June 1, 2022, the Department of Electronics, Oscillations and Waves of SSU turned 70 years old. Over the years, the Department has passed a brilliant way. Three of its leaders at different times were rectors of Saratov State University. Graduates and staff of the department are known in the scientific world not only in our country, but also far beyond its borders. We pay tribute to the Department of Electronics and remember the events, as well as all those people with whom we were somehow connected within its walls, and whose memory will remain in our hearts for a long time.
2022年6月1日,SSU电子,振荡和波浪系迎来了70岁生日。多年来,本系走过了一条辉煌的道路。该党在不同时期的三位领导人都是萨拉托夫州立大学的校长。该系的毕业生和工作人员不仅在我国科学界享有盛名,而且在国外也享有盛名。我们向电子部致敬,并记住这些事件,以及所有与我们在其墙壁内以某种方式联系在一起的人,他们的记忆将长期留在我们的心中。
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引用次数: 0
On the anniversary of Aleksei Aleksandrovich Koronovskii 在阿列克谢·亚历山德罗维奇·科罗诺夫斯基的周年纪念日
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.18500/0869-6632-003019
Olga Moskalenko
Congratulations to Aleksei Aleksandrovich Koronovskii on his anniversary.
祝贺阿列克谢·亚历山德罗维奇·科罗诺夫斯基结婚周年。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamics of the Rabinovich–Fabrikant system and its generalized model in the case of negative values of parameters that have the meaning of dissipation coefficients 具有耗散系数意义的参数为负值时rabinovitch - fabrikant系统的动力学及其广义模型
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.18500/0869-6632-003015
L. Turukina
Purpose of this work is a numerical study of the Rabinovich–Fabrikant system and its generalized model, which describe the occurrence of chaos during the parametric interaction of three modes in a nonequilibrium medium with cubic nonlinearity, in the case when the parameters that have the meaning of dissipation coefficients take negative values. These models demonstrate a rich dynamics that differs in many respects from what was observed for them, but in the case of positive values of the parameters. Methods. The study is based on the numerical solution of the differential equations, and their numerical bifurcation analysis using the MаtCont program. Results. For investigated models we present a charts of dynamic regimes in the control parameters plane, Lyapunov exponents depending on the parameters, attractors and their basins. On the parameters plane, which have the meaning of dissipation coefficients, bifurcation lines and points are numerically found. They are plotted for equilibrium point and period one limit cycle. For both models we compared dynamics observed in the case when the parameters that have the meaning of dissipation coefficients take negative values, with the one observed in the case when these parameters take positive values. And it is shown that in the first case parameter space has a simpler structure. Conclusion. The Rabinovich– Fabrikant system and its generalized model were studied in detail in the case when the parameters which have the meaning of dissipation coefficients take negative values. It is shown that there are a number of differences in comparison with the case of positive values of these parameters. For example, a new type of chaotic attractor appears, multistability that is not related to the symmetry of the system disappears, etc. The obtained results are new, since the Rabinovich–Fabrikant system and its generalized model were studied in detail for the first time in the region of negative values of parameters which have the meaning of dissipation coefficients.
本文研究了三次非线性非平衡介质中具有耗散系数意义的参数为负值时,三模态参数相互作用过程中混沌现象的rabinovitch - fabrikant系统及其广义模型。这些模型展示了丰富的动态,在许多方面与观察到的不同,但在参数为正值的情况下。方法。本研究是基于微分方程的数值解,并利用mtcont程序对其进行数值分岔分析。结果。对于所研究的模型,我们给出了控制参数平面的动态状态图,Lyapunov指数依赖于参数,吸引子和它们的盆地。在具有耗散系数意义的参数平面上,用数值方法找到了分岔线和分岔点。它们被绘制为平衡点,周期为一个极限环。对于这两个模型,我们比较了具有耗散系数意义的参数取负值时观察到的动态,以及这些参数取正值时观察到的动态。结果表明,在第一种情况下,参数空间具有更简单的结构。结论。详细研究了具有耗散系数意义的参数取负值时Rabinovich - Fabrikant系统及其广义模型。结果表明,与这些参数为正值的情况相比,有许多不同之处。例如,出现了一种新的混沌吸引子,与系统对称性无关的多重稳定性消失等。本文首次在具有耗散系数意义的参数负值区域对rabinoich - fabrikant系统及其广义模型进行了详细的研究,得到了新的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Hybrid SIRS model of infection spread 感染传播的杂交SIRS模型
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.18500/0869-6632-003014
A. Shabunin
Purpose of this work is to build a model of the infection spread in the form of a system of differential equations that takes into account the inertial nature of the transfer of infection between individuals. Methods. The paper presents a theoretical and numerical study of the structure of the phase space of the system of ordinary differential equations of the mean field model. Results. A modified SIRS model of epidemic spread is constructed in the form of a system of ordinary differential equations of the third order. It differs from standard models by considering the inertial nature of the infection transmission process between individuals of the population, which is realized by introducing a «carrier agent» into the model. The model does not take into account the influence of the disease on the population size, while population density is regarded as a parameter influencing the course of the epidemic. The dynamics of the model shows a good qualitative correspondence with a variety of phenomena observed in the evolution of diseases. Discussion. The suggested complication of the standard SIRS model by adding to it an equation for the dynamics of the pathogen of infection presents prospects for its specification via more precise adjustment to specific diseases, as well as taking into account the heterogeneity in the distribution of individuals and the pathogen in space. Further modification of the model can go through complicating the function which defines the probability of infection, generation and inactivation of the pathogen, the influence of climatic factors, as well as by means of transition to spatially distributed systems, for example, networks of probabilistic cellular automata.
这项工作的目的是建立一个以微分方程系统的形式的感染传播模型,该模型考虑了个体之间感染转移的惯性性质。方法。本文对平均场模型常微分方程组的相空间结构进行了理论和数值研究。结果。以三阶常微分方程组的形式构造了一个修正的传染病传播SIRS模型。它与标准模型的不同之处在于考虑了群体个体之间感染传播过程的惯性性质,这是通过在模型中引入“载体”来实现的。该模型没有考虑疾病对种群规模的影响,而将种群密度作为影响疫情进程的参数。该模型的动力学与疾病演化过程中观察到的各种现象具有良好的定性对应关系。讨论。由于在标准SIRS模型中加入了一个感染病原体动力学方程,因此可能会使其复杂化,这表明,通过对具体疾病进行更精确的调整,并考虑到个体和病原体在空间分布的异质性,有可能对其进行规范。模型的进一步修改可以通过将定义病原体感染、产生和灭活概率的函数复杂化,气候因素的影响,以及通过过渡到空间分布系统,例如概率元胞自动机网络。
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引用次数: 2
About dynamics of publication activity on synchronization 关于同步发布活动的动态
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.18500/0869-6632-003024
Aleksandr Kozlov, Valerij Matrosov, V. Shalfeev
Purpose of the work is to research of the world science publications dynamics on the synchronization. Methods. The research methods are the statistical methods of data processing. Results. The emphasis in the study of synchronization over the past twenty years has shifted from physical and technical sciences to neuroscience with Asian countries domination
研究世界科学出版物同步化的动态。方法。研究方法是数据处理的统计方法。结果。近二十年来,同步研究的重点从物理和技术科学转向神经科学,并以亚洲国家为主
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引用次数: 0
To the memory of Polina Solomonovna Landa 纪念波琳娜·所罗门诺夫娜·兰达
IF 0.4 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.18500/0869-6632-003018
Mihail Rosenblum
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引用次数: 0
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