The fifteen years following World War II were a period of prosperity and technological innovation on a scale that transformed American society and produced a consumer driven economy. The NFL rode this wave of change to unprecedented heights. As the war came to an end Arch Ward, Paul Brown and others founded the All-America Football Conference taking professional football to the West Coast and opening a battle with the National Football League. Brown’s success in Cleveland led Dan Reeves to move the Rams to Los Angles, and that move led to the desegregation of the NFL. Player salaries increased and the league became more competitive. The merger of the two leagues with the Browns, Colts, and Forty-Niners joining the NFL came in 1950. The professionalization of all facets of the game both on and off the field was led by Paul Brown, who transformed coaching techniques and dominated the AAFC and the NFL with such players as Otto Graham and Dante Lavelli, and by virtue of the desegregation of his team as he signed Marion Motley and Bill Willis. The New NFL caught the eye of the public and under the leadership of Bert Bell used, and then dominated, television to became a major force in American sport. The rise of television and the rise of the NFL went hand-in-hand and reached a crescendo when the large television audience watched the NFL Championship Game of 1958 go into “sudden death” overtime. The NFL’s growth also coincided with the start of Sports Illustrated and the magazine bet its future by focusing its coverage on the NFL. The other element of success was the NFL’s emphasis on a macho philosophy and the violence of the game. Players like Sam Huff and Bobby Lane were lauded in the media for their toughness and their off-field lifestyles.
{"title":"The NFL Comes of Age","authors":"R. Crepeau","doi":"10.5406/j.ctv160bttb.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/j.ctv160bttb.7","url":null,"abstract":"The fifteen years following World War II were a period of prosperity and technological innovation on a scale that transformed American society and produced a consumer driven economy. The NFL rode this wave of change to unprecedented heights. As the war came to an end Arch Ward, Paul Brown and others founded the All-America Football Conference taking professional football to the West Coast and opening a battle with the National Football League. Brown’s success in Cleveland led Dan Reeves to move the Rams to Los Angles, and that move led to the desegregation of the NFL. Player salaries increased and the league became more competitive. The merger of the two leagues with the Browns, Colts, and Forty-Niners joining the NFL came in 1950. The professionalization of all facets of the game both on and off the field was led by Paul Brown, who transformed coaching techniques and dominated the AAFC and the NFL with such players as Otto Graham and Dante Lavelli, and by virtue of the desegregation of his team as he signed Marion Motley and Bill Willis. The New NFL caught the eye of the public and under the leadership of Bert Bell used, and then dominated, television to became a major force in American sport. The rise of television and the rise of the NFL went hand-in-hand and reached a crescendo when the large television audience watched the NFL Championship Game of 1958 go into “sudden death” overtime. The NFL’s growth also coincided with the start of Sports Illustrated and the magazine bet its future by focusing its coverage on the NFL. The other element of success was the NFL’s emphasis on a macho philosophy and the violence of the game. Players like Sam Huff and Bobby Lane were lauded in the media for their toughness and their off-field lifestyles.","PeriodicalId":416356,"journal":{"name":"NFL Football","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121790945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-15DOI: 10.5622/illinois/9780252043581.003.0007
R. Crepeau
The NFL is a cartel and has been able to use that power reality in a number of ways to enhance its economic success and in turn increase its power. The Stadium Game comes in many forms but essentially involves using promises and extortion to get new stadiums for its franchises. Expansion is another element in the process. Movement of franchises was restricted until Al Davis and the Los Angeles Municipal Coliseum Commission won their court case to move the Raiders to Los Angeles. There also were struggles over ownership rules pitting Edward Bennett Williams of Washington against the Commissioner. The argument was settled in the court of appeals in NASL v. NFL. These cases opened up an era of movement that further enhanced community exploitation. Among those moving were Baltimore to Indianapolis and Cleveland to Baltimore. Jerry Jones and the Dallas Cowboys took a different and effective route to a new stadium, while others like the Minnesota Vikings threatened movement to get a new stadium. On the other hand, Leonard Tose in Philadelphia is an example of how one could actually drive an NFL franchise to ruin while enriching oneself. These changes diminished the power of the Commissioner.
{"title":"The Cartel","authors":"R. Crepeau","doi":"10.5622/illinois/9780252043581.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043581.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"The NFL is a cartel and has been able to use that power reality in a number of ways to enhance its economic success and in turn increase its power. The Stadium Game comes in many forms but essentially involves using promises and extortion to get new stadiums for its franchises. Expansion is another element in the process. Movement of franchises was restricted until Al Davis and the Los Angeles Municipal Coliseum Commission won their court case to move the Raiders to Los Angeles. There also were struggles over ownership rules pitting Edward Bennett Williams of Washington against the Commissioner. The argument was settled in the court of appeals in NASL v. NFL. These cases opened up an era of movement that further enhanced community exploitation. Among those moving were Baltimore to Indianapolis and Cleveland to Baltimore. Jerry Jones and the Dallas Cowboys took a different and effective route to a new stadium, while others like the Minnesota Vikings threatened movement to get a new stadium. On the other hand, Leonard Tose in Philadelphia is an example of how one could actually drive an NFL franchise to ruin while enriching oneself. These changes diminished the power of the Commissioner.","PeriodicalId":416356,"journal":{"name":"NFL Football","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123666215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：