This study determined the components of the philosophies of Socrates, explained the meaning and importance of the components and the relationships between them and analyzed the relevance of philosophies of Socrates to modern philosophies of research. The study was carried out through literature search on philosophies of Socrates. The components of Socrates philosophy are determined as: Questioning and Critical Thinking. Problems bring about Questions, Critical Thinking handles the questions to give birth to Solutions that solve the Problems or better still, that give way to expanded knowledge. Findings also include the importance of questioning as it helps in rethinking and challenging existing theories, helps in building confidence in areas of study, gives motivation to learn more on our areas of research i.e. broadens the mind, also enhances creativity in that it allows thinking from different angles to arrive at something novel, helps with the zeal to know more especially in the area of study and encourages positive change. More findings include the benefits of critical thinking as it encourages inquisitiveness, brings about creativity, promotes problem solving ability, a multi-faceted practice, and a skill for life. It is recommended that questioning and critical thinking be put to practice in research philosophy as contained in the Onion model research methodology propounded by Saunders et al (2019).
{"title":"The Relevance of Philosophy of Socrates to Modern Philosophy of Research","authors":"E. Ayodele","doi":"10.56388/jshs230716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56388/jshs230716","url":null,"abstract":"This study determined the components of the philosophies of Socrates, explained the meaning and importance of the components and the relationships between them and analyzed the relevance of philosophies of Socrates to modern philosophies of research. The study was carried out through literature search on philosophies of Socrates. The components of Socrates philosophy are determined as: Questioning and Critical Thinking. Problems bring about Questions, Critical Thinking handles the questions to give birth to Solutions that solve the Problems or better still, that give way to expanded knowledge. Findings also include the importance of questioning as it helps in rethinking and challenging existing theories, helps in building confidence in areas of study, gives motivation to learn more on our areas of research i.e. broadens the mind, also enhances creativity in that it allows thinking from different angles to arrive at something novel, helps with the zeal to know more especially in the area of study and encourages positive change. More findings include the benefits of critical thinking as it encourages inquisitiveness, brings about creativity, promotes problem solving ability, a multi-faceted practice, and a skill for life. It is recommended that questioning and critical thinking be put to practice in research philosophy as contained in the Onion model research methodology propounded by Saunders et al (2019).","PeriodicalId":416554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Humanities Studies","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120869602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research paper explores the challenges and opportunities presented by language and culture in a globalized world, with a focus on Nigeria. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 56 participants to gather their experiences and perspectives on the topic. The interviews revealed that interviewees recognized the importance of promoting cultural diversity and language preservation and highlighted the impact of globalization on local cultures. Measures proposed to address these challenges included promoting multilingualism, supporting cultural initiatives, incorporating local languages and cultural practices into education, promoting media representation of diverse cultures, and encouraging community involvement. However, it was also recognized that the challenges faced by Nigeria are unique and require tailored solutions that balance the benefits of globalization with the preservation of local cultures and languages.
{"title":"Challenges and Opportunities for Cultural Diversity and Language Preservation in Nigeria","authors":"Victoria Yoko","doi":"10.56388/jshj230718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56388/jshj230718","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper explores the challenges and opportunities presented by language and culture in a globalized world, with a focus on Nigeria. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 56 participants to gather their experiences and perspectives on the topic. The interviews revealed that interviewees recognized the importance of promoting cultural diversity and language preservation and highlighted the impact of globalization on local cultures. Measures proposed to address these challenges included promoting multilingualism, supporting cultural initiatives, incorporating local languages and cultural practices into education, promoting media representation of diverse cultures, and encouraging community involvement. However, it was also recognized that the challenges faced by Nigeria are unique and require tailored solutions that balance the benefits of globalization with the preservation of local cultures and languages.","PeriodicalId":416554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Humanities Studies","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116981586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban social development interacts with physical ecological dynamics. China’s urban social landscape study attracted attentions within recent decades, but the research mainly focused on the first tier cities. This paper aimed to reveal China’s urbanization since the 1980s from the perspectives of social dynamic and second tier cities, through the study of Wuhan one of the largest city in central China. The analysis was based on the population census data in Wuhan in 1990, 2000, and 2010. Variables referred to demography, migration, age composition, marital status, household type, education, employment, and housing status. Factorial analysis was employed to find the dominant urban social dimensions. A principal component analysis was conducted to extract the principal factors while a varimax algorithm was used for rotation. Further, the comprehensive urban social structures were mapped based on the cluster analysis of the selected factors. To conceptualize the urban social structure, dummy variable linear regression models were conducted. The results showed that Wuhan urban social dimensions diversified definitely during the recent decades, which were mainly reflected as increasing concerns of the tertiary industry employment, highly educated population unemployed, elders, incoming migrants, and housing improvement. The predominant urban social structure was conceptualized as “three central towns, two wings, and one axis”. The author concluded that urban social landscape study should be introduced in sustainable urban planning, with the concerns of challenges in an aging society, social equity between local residents and incoming migrants, as well as between rural and urban population, social impacts on physical ecological degradation, and so on.
{"title":"Urban Social Landscape Transitions between 1990 and 2010: Case study of Wuhan, China","authors":"Liqin Zhang","doi":"10.56388/jshs220718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56388/jshs220718","url":null,"abstract":"Urban social development interacts with physical ecological dynamics. China’s urban social landscape study attracted attentions within recent decades, but the research mainly focused on the first tier cities. This paper aimed to reveal China’s urbanization since the 1980s from the perspectives of social dynamic and second tier cities, through the study of Wuhan one of the largest city in central China. The analysis was based on the population census data in Wuhan in 1990, 2000, and 2010. Variables referred to demography, migration, age composition, marital status, household type, education, employment, and housing status. Factorial analysis was employed to find the dominant urban social dimensions. A principal component analysis was conducted to extract the principal factors while a varimax algorithm was used for rotation. Further, the comprehensive urban social structures were mapped based on the cluster analysis of the selected factors. To conceptualize the urban social structure, dummy variable linear regression models were conducted. The results showed that Wuhan urban social dimensions diversified definitely during the recent decades, which were mainly reflected as increasing concerns of the tertiary industry employment, highly educated population unemployed, elders, incoming migrants, and housing improvement. The predominant urban social structure was conceptualized as “three central towns, two wings, and one axis”. The author concluded that urban social landscape study should be introduced in sustainable urban planning, with the concerns of challenges in an aging society, social equity between local residents and incoming migrants, as well as between rural and urban population, social impacts on physical ecological degradation, and so on.","PeriodicalId":416554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Humanities Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128232192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental factors play a crucial role in determining the health and well-being of individuals in both developed and developing countries. In Ethiopia, small towns are particularly vulnerable to the negative impacts of environmental factors on health. This study aimed to examine the relationship between environmental factors and health-related outcomes among residents of small towns in Ethiopia. A survey was conducted with a sample of 225 individuals, including questions about demographics, health-related behaviors, and environmental factors. The findings suggest that air pollution, access to green spaces, and physical activity opportunities are important determinants of health in these communities. Addressing these environmental factors requires a comprehensive and community-engaged approach that involves collaboration between various sectors and engagement with community members and local stakeholders. Future research could further explore the relationships between environmental factors and health-related outcomes in small towns of Ethiopia and other low- and middle-income countries.
{"title":"Environmental Factors and Health-Related Outcomes: A Study of Residents in Small Towns of Ethiopia","authors":"Mohammed Abera Assefa","doi":"10.56388/jshs230715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56388/jshs230715","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental factors play a crucial role in determining the health and well-being of individuals in both developed and developing countries. In Ethiopia, small towns are particularly vulnerable to the negative impacts of environmental factors on health. This study aimed to examine the relationship between environmental factors and health-related outcomes among residents of small towns in Ethiopia. A survey was conducted with a sample of 225 individuals, including questions about demographics, health-related behaviors, and environmental factors. The findings suggest that air pollution, access to green spaces, and physical activity opportunities are important determinants of health in these communities. Addressing these environmental factors requires a comprehensive and community-engaged approach that involves collaboration between various sectors and engagement with community members and local stakeholders. Future research could further explore the relationships between environmental factors and health-related outcomes in small towns of Ethiopia and other low- and middle-income countries.","PeriodicalId":416554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Humanities Studies","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133115888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Every year many Bangladeshi females migrate overseas to work as domestic workers in the Middle Eastern houses and few females migrate to other job sectors. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many female migrants returned home voluntarily and involuntarily. While involuntary return created various forms of stress and hardship, pandemic-induced complexities and restrictions made it difficult for the returnee female migrants to re-migrate. This paper aims to empirically explore the return and re-migration journey of Bangladeshi female migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Empirical evidence was collected through in-depth interviewing of 25 female returnee migrants and five key informants. The findings confirm the knowledge gap regarding the multi-layered recruitment process, presence, and domination of various actors in the female migrants’ migration journey, and unclear laws and policies as the most critical challenges that made re-migration difficult for the female returnee migrants. The COVID-19 pandemic created numerous difficulties like visa expiration, cancellation of flights, vaccination problems, financial difficulties for quarantine, and passport renewal issues. All these difficulties contributed to precarious conditions through intensifying the stress in work life and social life and thus augmented Bangladeshi female migrants’ sufferings upon their return from the Middle Eastern countries. The new knowledge offered by this paper calls for effective policy actions and labour protection for the returnee female migrants during a pandemic situation.
{"title":"Return and Re-migration Challenges for Bangladeshi Female Migrants in the Middle East during the COVID Pandemic","authors":"Soujannita Chowdhury, Selim Reza","doi":"10.56388/jshs230708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56388/jshs230708","url":null,"abstract":"Every year many Bangladeshi females migrate overseas to work as domestic workers in the Middle Eastern houses and few females migrate to other job sectors. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many female migrants returned home voluntarily and involuntarily. While involuntary return created various forms of stress and hardship, pandemic-induced complexities and restrictions made it difficult for the returnee female migrants to re-migrate. This paper aims to empirically explore the return and re-migration journey of Bangladeshi female migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Empirical evidence was collected through in-depth interviewing of 25 female returnee migrants and five key informants. The findings confirm the knowledge gap regarding the multi-layered recruitment process, presence, and domination of various actors in the female migrants’ migration journey, and unclear laws and policies as the most critical challenges that made re-migration difficult for the female returnee migrants. The COVID-19 pandemic created numerous difficulties like visa expiration, cancellation of flights, vaccination problems, financial difficulties for quarantine, and passport renewal issues. All these difficulties contributed to precarious conditions through intensifying the stress in work life and social life and thus augmented Bangladeshi female migrants’ sufferings upon their return from the Middle Eastern countries. The new knowledge offered by this paper calls for effective policy actions and labour protection for the returnee female migrants during a pandemic situation.","PeriodicalId":416554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Humanities Studies","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130982139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study is a Process evaluation of the Unconditional Cash Transfer (UCT), which is implemented by the International Rescue Committee (IRC), in Chipinge District. The study assessed the program's implementation methods. The study utilized a mixed methodology approach. Semi structured interviews were utilized to interview beneficiaries and project staff. A total of 10 interviewees were interviewed and 80 questionnaires were distributed to beneficiaries. Interviewees were purposely selected, and 80 questionnaire respondents were randomly selected. The author also gathered data through document analysis and observations. The study assessed if activities were being carried out according to plan, if non-cash and cash resources utilized according to plan, and whether the skills and competencies of the personnel were adequate. The study also analyzed beneficiary satisfaction and potential changes to the UCT program’s implementation. The findings were that UCT activities are being carried out according to plan. Cash and noncash resources are always available for the implementation of the UCT Programme and there is no abuse of funds. The findings indicated that the personnel are qualified enough for the implementation of the programme and that beneficiaries are satisfied with the UCT programme services. The study recommended that it might be necessary to increase the frequency of the cash transfer payments to a monthly basis instead of bi-monthly to empower the beneficiaries to generate more income. It was recommended that there be an exit strategy to phase out eligible beneficiaries and bring in new beneficiaries. It was also recommended that the payment process may be electrified to cut costs and for easy tracking of payments Since the study was based on a single case, Chipinge, it was recommended that there is need to conduct process evaluations on the UCT programme in other parts of the country to get a broader spectrum on the implementation of the UCT programme.
{"title":"A Process Evaluation of Social Protection Policy in the Unconditional Cash Transfer Programme for Vulnerable People","authors":"Givemore Machimbidzofa","doi":"10.56388/jshs220803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56388/jshs220803","url":null,"abstract":"This study is a Process evaluation of the Unconditional Cash Transfer (UCT), which is implemented by the International Rescue Committee (IRC), in Chipinge District. The study assessed the program's implementation methods. The study utilized a mixed methodology approach. Semi structured interviews were utilized to interview beneficiaries and project staff. A total of 10 interviewees were interviewed and 80 questionnaires were distributed to beneficiaries. Interviewees were purposely selected, and 80 questionnaire respondents were randomly selected. The author also gathered data through document analysis and observations. The study assessed if activities were being carried out according to plan, if non-cash and cash resources utilized according to plan, and whether the skills and competencies of the personnel were adequate. The study also analyzed beneficiary satisfaction and potential changes to the UCT program’s implementation. The findings were that UCT activities are being carried out according to plan. Cash and noncash resources are always available for the implementation of the UCT Programme and there is no abuse of funds. The findings indicated that the personnel are qualified enough for the implementation of the programme and that beneficiaries are satisfied with the UCT programme services. The study recommended that it might be necessary to increase the frequency of the cash transfer payments to a monthly basis instead of bi-monthly to empower the beneficiaries to generate more income. It was recommended that there be an exit strategy to phase out eligible beneficiaries and bring in new beneficiaries. It was also recommended that the payment process may be electrified to cut costs and for easy tracking of payments Since the study was based on a single case, Chipinge, it was recommended that there is need to conduct process evaluations on the UCT programme in other parts of the country to get a broader spectrum on the implementation of the UCT programme.","PeriodicalId":416554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Humanities Studies","volume":"415 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115983037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the impact of cultural norms on access to reproductive health services and their implications for maternal health in Ethiopia. Cultural norms shape individuals' perceptions, behaviors, and choices regarding reproductive health, which in turn affect maternal mortality and morbidity rates. The paper explores the barriers posed by cultural norms, including limited access, gender roles, stigma, and traditional beliefs, and their specific manifestations in Ethiopia. Effective interventions are discussed, focusing on community-based education, women's empowerment, health system strengthening, advocacy, and collaboration. By addressing cultural barriers and promoting equitable access to reproductive health services, significant progress can be made in reducing maternal mortality and morbidity rates in Ethiopia.
{"title":"Cultural Norms and Access to Reproductive Health Services: Implications for Maternal Health in Ethiopia","authors":"Addis Gebremichael","doi":"10.56388/jshj230706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56388/jshj230706","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the impact of cultural norms on access to reproductive health services and their implications for maternal health in Ethiopia. Cultural norms shape individuals' perceptions, behaviors, and choices regarding reproductive health, which in turn affect maternal mortality and morbidity rates. The paper explores the barriers posed by cultural norms, including limited access, gender roles, stigma, and traditional beliefs, and their specific manifestations in Ethiopia. Effective interventions are discussed, focusing on community-based education, women's empowerment, health system strengthening, advocacy, and collaboration. By addressing cultural barriers and promoting equitable access to reproductive health services, significant progress can be made in reducing maternal mortality and morbidity rates in Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":416554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Humanities Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116336555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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