This essay deals with an episode in the career of classical archaeologist Rodolfo Lanciani (1845–1929), director of excavations of the Roman Forum from c. 1877 to 1886. Despite his success as a scholar and excavator, the Italian government dismissed him from the archaeological service for improprieties in 1890. The major charges against Lanciani reveal the tensions between the city of Rome and the Italian state on issues related to owning, caring for, and displaying the nation’s antiquities. Significant social, economic, and political changes in the decades after the establishment of the new nation fueled the tensions.
{"title":"Rodolfo Lanciani’s Dismissal","authors":"S. Dixon","doi":"10.5334/BHA-592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/BHA-592","url":null,"abstract":"This essay deals with an episode in the career of classical archaeologist Rodolfo Lanciani (1845–1929), director of excavations of the Roman Forum from c. 1877 to 1886. Despite his success as a scholar and excavator, the Italian government dismissed him from the archaeological service for improprieties in 1890. The major charges against Lanciani reveal the tensions between the city of Rome and the Italian state on issues related to owning, caring for, and displaying the nation’s antiquities. Significant social, economic, and political changes in the decades after the establishment of the new nation fueled the tensions.","PeriodicalId":41664,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Archaeology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5334/BHA-592","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71064862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the permeation of scientific racism in classical archaeology during the 1920s and 1930s. In particular, it investigates the anthropological studies of graves from the Swedish ex ...
本文考察了20世纪二三十年代古典考古学中科学种族主义的渗透。特别地，它调查了瑞典前…
{"title":"Skulls from the Past: Archaeological Negotiations of Scientific Racism","authors":"J. Siapkas","doi":"10.5334/BHA-590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/BHA-590","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the permeation of scientific racism in classical archaeology during the 1920s and 1930s. In particular, it investigates the anthropological studies of graves from the Swedish ex ...","PeriodicalId":41664,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Archaeology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5334/BHA-590","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71064707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 1902 the Egyptian archaeologist William Matthew Flinders Petrie published a graph of triangles indicating skull size, shape and ‘racial ability’. In the same year a paper on Naqada crania that had been excavated by Petrie’s team in 1894–5 was published in the anthropometric journal Biometrika , which played an important part in the methodology of cranial measuring in biometrics and helped establish Karl Pearson’s biometric laboratory at University College London. Cicely D. Fawcett’s and Alice Lee’s paper on the variation and correlation of the human skull used the Naqada crania to argue for a controlled system of measurement of skull size and shape to establish homogeneous racial groups, patterns of migration and evolutionary development. Their work was more cautious in tone and judgement than Petrie’s pronouncements on the racial origins of the early Egyptians but both the graph and the paper illustrated shared ideas about skull size, shape, statistical analysis and the ability and need to define ‘race’. This paper explores how Petrie shared his archaeological work with a broad number of people and disciplines, including statistics and biometrics, and the context for measuring and analysing skulls at the turn of the twentieth century.
1902年，埃及考古学家威廉·马修·弗林德斯·皮特里(William Matthew Flinders Petrie)发表了一幅三角形图，显示了头骨的大小、形状和“种族能力”。同年，一篇关于那卡达头颅的论文发表在人体计量学杂志《生物计量学》上，该论文在生物计量学的颅骨测量方法中发挥了重要作用，并帮助卡尔·皮尔森在伦敦大学学院建立了生物计量实验室。Cicely D. Fawcett和Alice Lee在关于人类头骨的变异和相关性的论文中，利用那卡达头骨来论证一种测量头骨大小和形状的受控系统，以建立同质的种族群体、迁徙模式和进化发展。与皮特里关于早期埃及人种族起源的声明相比，他们的工作在语气和判断上更为谨慎，但图表和论文都阐述了关于头骨大小、形状、统计分析以及定义“种族”的能力和需要的共同观点。本文探讨了Petrie是如何与大量的人和学科分享他的考古工作的，包括统计学和生物识别学，以及在20世纪之交测量和分析头骨的背景。
{"title":"Skull Triangles: Flinders Petrie, Race Theory and Biometrics","authors":"D. Challis","doi":"10.5334/BHA-556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/BHA-556","url":null,"abstract":"In 1902 the Egyptian archaeologist William Matthew Flinders Petrie published a graph of triangles indicating skull size, shape and ‘racial ability’. In the same year a paper on Naqada crania that had been excavated by Petrie’s team in 1894–5 was published in the anthropometric journal Biometrika , which played an important part in the methodology of cranial measuring in biometrics and helped establish Karl Pearson’s biometric laboratory at University College London. Cicely D. Fawcett’s and Alice Lee’s paper on the variation and correlation of the human skull used the Naqada crania to argue for a controlled system of measurement of skull size and shape to establish homogeneous racial groups, patterns of migration and evolutionary development. Their work was more cautious in tone and judgement than Petrie’s pronouncements on the racial origins of the early Egyptians but both the graph and the paper illustrated shared ideas about skull size, shape, statistical analysis and the ability and need to define ‘race’. This paper explores how Petrie shared his archaeological work with a broad number of people and disciplines, including statistics and biometrics, and the context for measuring and analysing skulls at the turn of the twentieth century.","PeriodicalId":41664,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Archaeology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5334/BHA-556","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71064935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A review of Nature and Antiquities: The Making of Archaeology in the Americas , by Philip Kohl, Irina Podgorny and Stefanie Ganger (Eds.), Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 248 pages, $60 US, 2014, ISBN: 9780816531127
{"title":"A Review of Nature and Antiquities: The Making of Archaeology in the Americas","authors":"T. Murray","doi":"10.5334/BHA-582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/BHA-582","url":null,"abstract":"A review of Nature and Antiquities: The Making of Archaeology in the Americas , by Philip Kohl, Irina Podgorny and Stefanie Ganger (Eds.), Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 248 pages, $60 US, 2014, ISBN: 9780816531127","PeriodicalId":41664,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Archaeology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5334/BHA-582","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71065058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Review of Excavating Nations: Archaeology, Museums, and the German-Danish Borderlands , by J. Laurence Hare, Toronto, Buffalo, London: University of Toronto Press, xvi+260 pages, 2015, ISBN: 9781442648432
{"title":"A Review of Excavating Nations: Archaeology, Museums, and the German-Danish Borderlands","authors":"H. Howes","doi":"10.5334/BHA-580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/BHA-580","url":null,"abstract":"Review of Excavating Nations: Archaeology, Museums, and the German-Danish Borderlands , by J. Laurence Hare, Toronto, Buffalo, London: University of Toronto Press, xvi+260 pages, 2015, ISBN: 9781442648432","PeriodicalId":41664,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Archaeology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5334/BHA-580","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71064985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Review of Wonderful Things: A History of Egyptology, Volume 1: From Antiquity to 1881 , by Jason Thompson, Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 352 pages, $39.95, 2015, ISBN: 9789774165993
{"title":"Review of Wonderful Things: A History of Egyptology","authors":"K. Sheppard","doi":"10.5334/BHA-574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/BHA-574","url":null,"abstract":"Review of Wonderful Things: A History of Egyptology, Volume 1: From Antiquity to 1881 , by Jason Thompson, Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 352 pages, $39.95, 2015, ISBN: 9789774165993","PeriodicalId":41664,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Archaeology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71065124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A review of In Search of Agamemnon. Early Travellers to Mycenae , by Dudley Moore, Edward Rowlands and Nectarios Karadimas, Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 191 pages, £39.99, 2014, ISBN: 9781443856218
{"title":"A Review of In Search of Agamemnon. Early Travellers to Mycenae","authors":"T. Murray","doi":"10.5334/BHA-581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/BHA-581","url":null,"abstract":"A review of In Search of Agamemnon. Early Travellers to Mycenae , by Dudley Moore, Edward Rowlands and Nectarios Karadimas, Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 191 pages, £39.99, 2014, ISBN: 9781443856218","PeriodicalId":41664,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Archaeology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5334/BHA-581","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71065039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, I present the case of Sanghol, Punjab, in Indian archaeology to highlight the influence of social and political factors on the interpretation of archaeological data and the preservation of cultural heritage. Using a geographic approach, I show how geopolitical tensions and the desire for internal political stability influenced archaeological practices in post-colonial India. In the aftermath of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi’s assassination in 1984, local archaeological investigations in Sanghol, located 200 kilometres from the sensitive Pakistan-India frontline, piqued the interest of the Archaeological Survey of India, the national department for archaeology and heritage management. The Survey subsequently carried out collaborative field studies in Sanghol between 1986 and 1990, reflecting the changing relationship between the local community and the national government at a time of intense political uncertainty. I argue that there is greater competition and collaboration between knowledge producers in Indian archaeology than has been accepted. This, in turn, impacts our understanding of the practice of national archaeology.
在本文中，我以印度考古学中的旁遮普Sanghol为例，强调社会和政治因素对考古数据解释和文化遗产保护的影响。使用地理方法，我展示了地缘政治紧张局势和对内部政治稳定的渴望如何影响后殖民印度的考古实践。1984年，印度总理英迪拉•甘地(Indira Gandhi)遇刺身亡后，在距离敏感的巴印前线200公里的桑霍尔(Sanghol)进行的当地考古调查激起了印度考古调查局(archaeological Survey of India)的兴趣。该调查随后在1986年至1990年期间在Sanghol进行了合作实地研究，反映了在政治极不稳定时期当地社区与国家政府之间不断变化的关系。我认为，在印度考古学中，知识生产者之间的竞争和合作比人们所接受的要大。这反过来又影响了我们对国家考古实践的理解。
{"title":"Social and Political Factors in Post-Colonial Indian Archaeology: The Case of Sanghol, Punjab","authors":"N. Gupta","doi":"10.5334/BHA.262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/BHA.262","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I present the case of Sanghol, Punjab, in Indian archaeology to highlight the influence of social and political factors on the interpretation of archaeological data and the preservation of cultural heritage. Using a geographic approach, I show how geopolitical tensions and the desire for internal political stability influenced archaeological practices in post-colonial India. In the aftermath of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi’s assassination in 1984, local archaeological investigations in Sanghol, located 200 kilometres from the sensitive Pakistan-India frontline, piqued the interest of the Archaeological Survey of India, the national department for archaeology and heritage management. The Survey subsequently carried out collaborative field studies in Sanghol between 1986 and 1990, reflecting the changing relationship between the local community and the national government at a time of intense political uncertainty. I argue that there is greater competition and collaboration between knowledge producers in Indian archaeology than has been accepted. This, in turn, impacts our understanding of the practice of national archaeology.","PeriodicalId":41664,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Archaeology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5334/BHA.262","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71064921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When reconstructing regional histories within American archaeology, understanding the complexities of professional and avocational social circles is a critical and necessary undertaking. As a case study, I introduce several social circles that impacted shell midden archaeology in Massachusetts during the 19 th and 20 th centuries. Here I consider how principles from Social Network Analysis (SNA) and Ingold's concepts of meshworks and wayfaring shed light on, and are even complicated by, these historical examples.
{"title":"Mapping the Social Worlds of Shell Midden Archaeology in Massachusetts","authors":"Katie V. Kirakosian","doi":"10.5334/BHA.260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/BHA.260","url":null,"abstract":"When reconstructing regional histories within American archaeology, understanding the complexities of professional and avocational social circles is a critical and necessary undertaking. As a case study, I introduce several social circles that impacted shell midden archaeology in Massachusetts during the 19 th and 20 th centuries. Here I consider how principles from Social Network Analysis (SNA) and Ingold's concepts of meshworks and wayfaring shed light on, and are even complicated by, these historical examples.","PeriodicalId":41664,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Archaeology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71064849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Who studies the historiography of archaeology? Who reads the history of the discipline? Recent years have seen growing interest in the history of archaeology as is reflected in works such as Christenson (1989), Trigger (1989; 2006), Chakrabarti (1988; 2003), Singh (2004), Diaz-Andreu (2007), and special issues in Antiquity (Schlanger 2002) and Complutum (Moro Abadia & Huth 2013). The target audience for these publications is specialists. So what is novel about geographic and spatial approaches in the history of archaeology?
{"title":"Introduction to Geographic and Spatial Approaches in the History of Archaeology","authors":"N. Gupta, Bernard K. Means","doi":"10.5334/BHA.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/BHA.255","url":null,"abstract":"Who studies the historiography of archaeology? Who reads the history of the discipline? Recent years have seen growing interest in the history of archaeology as is reflected in works such as Christenson (1989), Trigger (1989; 2006), Chakrabarti (1988; 2003), Singh (2004), Diaz-Andreu (2007), and special issues in Antiquity (Schlanger 2002) and Complutum (Moro Abadia & Huth 2013). The target audience for these publications is specialists. So what is novel about geographic and spatial approaches in the history of archaeology?","PeriodicalId":41664,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Archaeology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71064336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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