Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.47363/jeesr/2020(2)112
Antonio T. S. Brito, L. Neves
Over-equipment in wind farms maintaining grid connection power is a new sustainable procedure that is allowing the increase of energy producing in wind farms.In Portugal, one of the fundamental lines for the structural modernization of the country is the pursuit of an energy strategy focused on increasing electricity productionthrough renewable energy
{"title":"Over Equipment in Wind Farms Maintaining Grid Connection Power","authors":"Antonio T. S. Brito, L. Neves","doi":"10.47363/jeesr/2020(2)112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jeesr/2020(2)112","url":null,"abstract":"Over-equipment in wind farms maintaining grid connection power is a new sustainable procedure that is allowing the increase of energy producing in wind farms.In Portugal, one of the fundamental lines for the structural modernization of the country is the pursuit of an energy strategy focused on increasing electricity productionthrough renewable energy","PeriodicalId":417186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences Research","volume":"42 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114052810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.47363/jeesr/2020(2)113
A. Mazumder
Nitrogen is one of the critical nutrients regulating terrestrial and aquatic productivity, and is linked to degradation of water quality of freshwater and marine ecosystems worldwide. The landscape patterns of stream nitrogen components, concentrations and loadings and their relationships with climate variability and landuse, were analyzed and quantified in this study. We used stream nitrogen concentration data collected at 2,125 sites and climate data at 301 weather stations during 1976 to 2005 in 30 eco-regions across British Columbia, Canada. While the patterns of stream nitrogen component, concentration, and loading distributions were found to be related to landscape patterns of climate variability, human activities, landuse, natural vegetation, and relief across British Columbia, the climate variability on both temporal a d spatial scales were found to be the dominant driver of variability in loading and concentrations of nitrogen. Elevated air temperature gradient across the landscape of British Columbia resulted in a significant increase in stream nitrogen loading from terrestrial into aquatic ecosystems. Precipitation, nitrogen deposition, population density and urban area also significantly affected the stream nitrogen components, concentrations and loadings. We suggest that climate change, especially shifts in temperature and precipitation, along with increased human activities tend to have important implications for loading of nitrogen from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems and associated water quality in aquatic ecosystems
{"title":"Climate Variability Induced Shifts in Nitrogen Loading from Terrestrial to Aquatic Ecosystems","authors":"A. Mazumder","doi":"10.47363/jeesr/2020(2)113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jeesr/2020(2)113","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen is one of the critical nutrients regulating terrestrial and aquatic productivity, and is linked to degradation of water quality of freshwater and marine ecosystems worldwide. The landscape patterns of stream nitrogen components, concentrations and loadings and their relationships with climate variability and landuse, were analyzed and quantified in this study. We used stream nitrogen concentration data collected at 2,125 sites and climate data at 301 weather stations during 1976 to 2005 in 30 eco-regions across British Columbia, Canada. While the patterns of stream nitrogen component, concentration, and loading distributions were found to be related to landscape patterns of climate variability, human activities, landuse, natural vegetation, and relief across British Columbia, the climate variability on both temporal a d spatial scales were found to be the dominant driver of variability in loading and concentrations of nitrogen. Elevated air temperature gradient across the landscape of British Columbia resulted in a significant increase in stream nitrogen loading from terrestrial into aquatic ecosystems. Precipitation, nitrogen deposition, population density and urban area also significantly affected the stream nitrogen components, concentrations and loadings. We suggest that climate change, especially shifts in temperature and precipitation, along with increased human activities tend to have important implications for loading of nitrogen from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems and associated water quality in aquatic ecosystems","PeriodicalId":417186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127356870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.47363/jeesr/2019(1)103
D. Bloch
Huge desert endorheic basins with very substantial areas of flat evaporation pans were once in operation specifically for the precipitation of white crystalline sodium chloride. The Qanat Karez water distribution systems are thought to have been invented some 3000 years ago. Thousands of kilometers of tunnels and boreholes were designed and built with very heavy human investment, primarily to leach, dissolve and recrystallize salts - predominantly sodium chloride. They were only limited in capacity by the Qanat volumetric capacity watershed surge flow into the endorheic basins needed to extract these salts. Today we know that in addition nature has continuously supplied these basins with these rich minerals and rare earth materials, which in many cases lurk only a few meters in the water table below the basin surface. In the Tarim basin a Potash salt production unit is now pumping these brines to produce industrial Potassium fertilizer, using the Qanat Karez technology. Maintaining an industrial thin white crust layer of salt during critical hot seasons of the year over these huge desert areas and salar flats would it is calculated, increase the world albedo and enable cheap precise control of the total short/long wave reflection, in addition to the existing high albedo of the Polar Regions.
{"title":"The Leaching of Sub-Florescent Soils as Used in the Ancient Qanat Karez Technology to Produce a Modern Cheap Solution for Controlling and Adjusting Marginal World Albedo","authors":"D. Bloch","doi":"10.47363/jeesr/2019(1)103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jeesr/2019(1)103","url":null,"abstract":"Huge desert endorheic basins with very substantial areas of flat evaporation pans were once in operation specifically for the precipitation of white crystalline sodium chloride. The Qanat Karez water distribution systems are thought to have been invented some 3000 years ago. Thousands of kilometers of tunnels and boreholes were designed and built with very heavy human investment, primarily to leach, dissolve and recrystallize salts - predominantly sodium chloride. They were only limited in capacity by the Qanat volumetric capacity watershed surge flow into the endorheic basins needed to extract these salts. Today we know that in addition nature has continuously supplied these basins with these rich minerals and rare earth materials, which in many cases lurk only a few meters in the water table below the basin surface. In the Tarim basin a Potash salt production unit is now pumping these brines to produce industrial Potassium fertilizer, using the Qanat Karez technology. Maintaining an industrial thin white crust layer of salt during critical hot seasons of the year over these huge desert areas and salar flats would it is calculated, increase the world albedo and enable cheap precise control of the total short/long wave reflection, in addition to the existing high albedo of the Polar Regions.","PeriodicalId":417186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences Research","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115502753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.47363/jeesr/2019(1)102
PN Darde Mish
Global warming is the increase in average temperature of thetheearth’s surface air and oceans. Most of the observed temperature increase is caused by increased concentration of greenhouse gases. Major gases are water vapor (36-70%), carbon dioxide (9-26 %), Methane (4- 9 %) and Ozone (3- 7 %).
{"title":"Combat the Global Warming by Generating Renewable Sources of Energy","authors":"PN Darde Mish","doi":"10.47363/jeesr/2019(1)102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jeesr/2019(1)102","url":null,"abstract":"Global warming is the increase in average temperature of thetheearth’s surface air and oceans. Most of the observed temperature increase is caused by increased concentration of greenhouse gases. Major gases are water vapor (36-70%), carbon dioxide (9-26 %), Methane (4- 9 %) and Ozone (3- 7 %).","PeriodicalId":417186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131707134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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