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Nueva normalidad hídrica en Chile: Sequía meteorológica en la región de Ñuble 智利新的水常态:nuble地区的气象干旱
IF 0.3 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.22320/rte.vi49.5826
Nicole Zapata Márquez
El estudio revisa la situación de sequía en la región de Ñuble, se examina el comporta­miento meteorológico mediante la recopilación y análisis de datos de agua caída, dispuestos por la Dirección Meteorológica de Chile (DMC) en base a 42 estaciones distribuidas en la región. Se identifi­can dificultades en el acceso a datos, se evidencia la existencia de sesgo en la distribución de las es­taciones, asociado principalmente a favorecer la in­dustria agrícola y no a mantener información terri­torial para verificar efectos del cambio climático, en este sentido no es posible hacer una trazabilidad al agua caída en la región ya que solo una estación ubicada en la depresión intermedia es considerada como información oficial de la región. El estudio realiza una caracterización cualitativa en poblado­res de las localidades con menor precipitación his­tórica en la región, para verificar su percepción frente a la sequía.  
这项研究回顾了nuble地区的干旱情况,通过收集和分析智利气象局(DMC)根据分布在该地区的42个气象站提供的落水数据来检查天气行为。identifi-can更难获取第一手数据,证据存在偏倚es-taciones分布、主要合作伙伴促进农业in-dustria而不是保持terri-torial信息核查有关气候变化的影响,在这方面不可能跟踪到水在一个落后地区因为只是一个中间站位于盆地被认为是本区域的官方信息。本研究的目的是评估该地区旱季降水较低地区的居民对干旱的感知。
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引用次数: 0
Geografía electoral en la región de Ñuble nuble地区的选举地理
IF 0.3 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.22320/rte.vi49.5824
Jonathan Vega Godoy
El estudio revisa la tendencia electoral de las mujeres en la Provincia de Ñuble actual Región de Ñuble en el periodo 1970–1973, utilizando fuentes primarias en las elecciones presidenciales de 1970, de regidores de 1971 y parlamentarias de 1973. Se evalúa el comportamiento electoral de las mujeres de la provincia, en concordancia con las dinámicas de género y los factores sociopolíticos que orientaron la tendencia de voto en el periodo de estudio. Se presentan dos etapas de trabajo: una aproximación al panorama nacional del voto de las mujeres, y una cartográfica que caracteriza esta misma en los departamentos electorales de la Provincia de Ñuble. La investigación se desarrolla con un enfoque mixto cualitativo que relaciona la propaganda electoral que apelaba al género; y cuantitativo basado en datos estadísticos que evidencian diferencias en cuanto a la votación de mujeres y hombres en las opciones políticas de izquierda, centro y derecha. Los resultados del estudio indican que el voto de las mujeres se orienta hacia los candidatos y partidos conservadores, aunque se reconoce una izquierdización del electorado femenino en el periodo de estudio.  
这项研究利用1970年总统选举、1971年议员选举和1973年议会选举的第一手资料,回顾了努布尔省(现努布尔地区)1970 - 1973年期间妇女的选举趋势。这项研究的目的是评估该省妇女的选举行为,根据性别动态和指导研究期间投票趋势的社会政治因素。这项工作分为两个阶段:一是了解全国妇女投票的情况,二是绘制努布尔省选举部门的妇女投票情况。本研究采用混合定性方法,将吸引性别的选举宣传联系起来;这是一项定量研究,基于统计数据,显示了女性和男性在左翼、中间和右翼政治选择中的投票差异。研究结果表明,女性的投票倾向于保守候选人和政党,尽管在研究期间女性选民的左翼化被承认。
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引用次数: 0
Accesibilidad a centros de salud familiar en la conurbación de Chillán y Chillán Viejo (Ñuble), Chile 智利chillan和chillan Viejo (nuble)城市家庭保健中心的可及性
IF 0.3 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.22320/rte.vi49.5825
Ivonne Añazco Molina
Se mide la accesibilidad geográfica a los centros de salud en la ciudad de Chillán y Chillán Viejo, espacio conurbado de la región de Ñuble en Chile. La síntesis propuesta permite valorar el ac­ceso a los servicios de salud, considerando las ca­racterísticas del transporte público urbano, para ello se explicita una zonificación que indica la co­bertura territorial que tiene para la atención de per­sonas cada centro de atención familiar (CESFAM) de la ciudad, y se lo relaciona con las características que tienen los recorridos del transporte público, en este caso microbuses y taxis colectivos, utilizando la información de fuentes oficiales. Como resultado se reconocen centros de salud con mayores grados de accesibilidad geográfica asociados al trazado y características del transporte público, y la cantidad de personas que cada centro atiende.  
我们测量了智利nuble地区chillan市和chillan Viejo市保健中心的地理可达性。综合提案能够珍惜ac-ceso保健服务,根据城市公交ca-racterísticas,为此根据分区的方式表明co-bertura领土对per-sonas注意每个家庭照料中心(市CESFAM),并与公共交通有设计特点,在这种情况下集体援助和出租车使用官方信息来源。因此,根据公共交通的布局和特点,以及每个中心服务的人数,确定了具有较高地理可达性的保健中心。
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引用次数: 0
La práctica escolar en Menorca durante el franquismo 佛朗哥时期梅诺卡的学校实践
IF 0.3 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-06-22 DOI: 10.14516/ete.371
Gabriel Barceló Bauzà, Bernat Sureda Garcia, Francisca Comas Rubí, Sergi Moll Bagur
The historical study of the school practice requires the location and analysis of a whole series of testimonies so far rarely used in historical interpretation –teaching practice reports, notebooks, photographs, etcetera–. Through the historical method, we have approached some of the practices implemented in Minorca (Spain) during the Franco’s dictatorship (1939-1975), which has allowed us to detect some of the changes and continuities that occurred in the day-to-day of school. By this analysis we have been able to verify how the practice of the teachers is more determined by their formation and experience than by the norms approved in the political field. The main conclusion of the study is that while the educational legislation wants to break with the school culture of past times, some of the practices implemented during the Dictatorship continue to demonstrate the persistence of an entire series of teaching methodologies and strategies from pedagogical renewal movements. Therefore, we can see how changes in teacher practice do not always have a direct connection to the ruptures that occur at the political level and, on the other hand, we see how these are slow processes in time. This study shows us that, as is the case today, there were historically a whole series of continuities, at the level of school practice, that resisted the political will to impose change.
学校实践的历史研究需要对迄今为止很少用于历史解释的一系列证词进行定位和分析——教学实践报告、笔记本、照片等。通过历史方法,我们了解了佛朗哥独裁统治(1939-1975)期间在米诺卡(西班牙)实施的一些做法,这使我们能够发现学校日常生活中发生的一些变化和持续性。通过这一分析,我们能够验证教师的实践如何更多地由他们的形成和经验决定,而不是由政治领域认可的规范决定。该研究的主要结论是,虽然教育立法希望打破过去的学校文化,但独裁时期实施的一些做法继续表明,教育更新运动中的一整套教学方法和策略是持久的。因此,我们可以看到,教师实践的变化并不总是与政治层面发生的破裂有直接联系,另一方面,我们也看到了这些过程是缓慢的。这项研究向我们表明,与今天的情况一样,在学校实践层面,历史上存在着一系列抵制强加变革的政治意愿的连续性。
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引用次数: 0
Fighting for Survivor: Ideological and Ethical Conflicts of A.S. Makarenko with Dzerzhinsky Commune 为幸存者而战:A.S.马卡连科与捷尔任斯基公社的思想伦理冲突
IF 0.3 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-06-22 DOI: 10.14516/ete.498
E. Mettini, A. Tkachenko
In the paper the Authors tried to analyze how A.S. Makarenko’s educational system might grow while in the early 1930s the control over social and political life in Soviet Union was strengthened. Using unpublished and previously classified materials, the Authors events which took place in the Children Labor Dzerzhinsky Commune, established in Ukrainian capital Kharkov, whose activity represented the highest point in development of A.S. Makarenko’s pedagogical theory and practice. Facts that led to establishment of the Commune, age and social status of pupils, employment policy, difficult relationships between Makarenko and NKVD leaders, many “not pedagogical” – criminal and amoral factors, conflicting with Anton Semenovich’s works have been carefully analyzed. Authors outlined conflict between the educator and Commune administration based upon different approaches to social and moral education of youth. Makarenko’s perspective was more humane and less ideological than the one of his opponents.
在这篇论文中,作者试图分析在20世纪30年代初苏联对社会和政治生活的控制加强的情况下,A.S.马卡连科的教育体系是如何发展的。作者使用未发表和以前分类的材料,在乌克兰首都哈尔科夫建立的童工捷尔任斯基公社发生的事件,其活动代表了A.S.马卡连科教学理论和实践发展的最高点。导致公社成立的事实,学生的年龄和社会地位,就业政策,马卡连科和内务人民委员部领导人之间的困难关系,许多“非教育”-犯罪和不道德的因素,与Anton Semenovich的作品相冲突,都经过仔细分析。作者根据不同的青年社会和道德教育方法概述了教育者和公社管理之间的冲突。马卡连科的观点比他的对手更人性化,更少意识形态化。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the History and Challenge of Government-authorized English Textbooks in Japan and Mainland China 日本和中国大陆政府授权英语教材的历史与挑战
IF 0.3 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-06-22 DOI: 10.14516/ete.400
Linfeng Wang
This paper examines the history of English textbooks and the challenges they are facing in the current EFL contexts of Japan and mainland China. In these countries, English textbooks, and textbooks for all other subjects, can only be used in classrooms following governmental evaluation and approval. The main set of criteria for textbook evaluation is provided by the national curriculum, which also serves as a guideline for compiling textbooks; it illustrates the purpose and objectives of each subject, contains descriptions of achievement levels for each grade, as well as suggestions for teaching, assessing and compiling textbooks. In effect, textbooks are the direct materialization of the national curriculum implemented in real classrooms, particularly in textbook dominated English classes. This paper starts by discussing the significance of textbook research before presenting a historical review of English textbooks in Japan and mainland China. The focus of the review is to delineate the current challenge of underestimating the use of the first language in EFL textbooks. The final section draws trajectory maps of the two countries and explores a new approach to overcoming the challenge of creating engaging activities that incorporate both student’s first language and target language in EFL classrooms.
本文考察了英语教材的历史,以及它们在当前日本和中国大陆的英语环境中所面临的挑战。在这些国家,英语教材和所有其他科目的教材只有在政府评估和批准后才能在课堂上使用。教材评估的主要标准由国家课程提供,也是编写教材的指导方针;它说明了每门学科的目的和目标,包括对每个年级成绩水平的描述,以及对教学、评估和编写教科书的建议。实际上,教科书是在实际课堂上实施的国家课程的直接具体化,特别是在教科书主导的英语课堂上。本文首先讨论了教科书研究的意义,然后对日本和中国大陆的英语教科书进行了历史回顾。这篇综述的重点是描述当前在EFL教科书中低估第一语言使用的挑战。最后一节绘制了两国的发展轨迹图,并探讨了一种新的方法来克服在EFL课堂上创建既包含学生第一语言又包含目标语言的引人入胜的活动的挑战。
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引用次数: 1
From Scarcity to Abundance: Illich’s Educational Critique and Indigenous Learning 从稀缺到丰富:伊里奇的教育批判与本土学习
IF 0.3 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-06-22 DOI: 10.14516/ete.515
C. Beeman
This paper takes as a beginning point Ivan Illich’s radical work on education and schooling, which began with his posting to Puerto Rico as vice-rector of the Catholic University at Ponce, in Puerto Rico, in 1956. This work continued with the Centre for Intercultural Documentation (CIDOC), in Cuernavaca, Mexico, through the publication of Deschooling Society (1971) and beyond. Three distinct phases in Illich’s conceptualization of schooling and education are traced. For the purpose of this paper, I will term them de-mythologizing, radical scrutinizing, and re-tooling). In the third phase, Illich and his colleague Edward Reimer posited that what is actually needed in reconsidering education is to improve human interaction with the tool of education. This insight formed part of Illich’s 1973 book, Tools for Conviviality, in which he explored what such a project might look like. In this paper, this idea is pushed further. I offer some stories of Teme Augama Anishinaabe Elders from Turtle Island (North America) with whom I have worked for several years, along with my reflections, to suggest an altogether different view of learning and education, one which takes place in a context of abundance.
本文以伊万·伊里奇在教育和学校教育方面的激进工作为起点,他于1956年作为波多黎各庞塞天主教大学的副校长被派往波多黎各。这项工作在墨西哥库埃纳瓦卡的跨文化文献中心(cdoc)继续进行,出版了《去学校社会》(1971年)等。在伊里奇对学校教育和教育的概念化过程中,可以追溯到三个不同的阶段。出于本文的目的,我将它们称为“去神话化”(de-mythologizing)、“彻底审视”(radical详查)和“重新工具化”(re- toolization)。在第三阶段,伊里奇和他的同事爱德华·雷默(Edward Reimer)提出,重新思考教育实际上需要的是改善人类与教育工具的互动。这一见解成为伊里奇1973年出版的《欢乐的工具》一书的一部分,他在书中探讨了这样一个项目可能是什么样子的。本文对这一思想进行了进一步的推广。我提供了一些来自龟岛(北美)的Teme Augama Anishinaabe长老的故事,我和他们一起工作了几年,连同我的思考,提出了一种完全不同的学习和教育观点,一种发生在丰富背景下的观点。
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引用次数: 1
Iniciativas oficiales para la edificación de escuelas primarias en la ciudad de Buenos Aires durante el siglo XIX 19世纪布宜诺斯艾利斯市小学建设的官方倡议
IF 0.3 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-06-22 DOI: 10.14516/ete.389
Maria Lucila Da Silva
The objective of this article is to offer a compendium of emerging initiatives during the 19th century that promoved or strengthened the construction of buildings for fiscal primary schools in the city of Buenos Aires. The methodology includes the study of documents such as legislation, management reports, educational censuses, files from the National Council of Education (CNE) and articles from the educational journal El Monitor de la Educación common. Different moments are identified, mentioning general characteristics of the initiatives and identifying primary and secondary sources. In addition, some initial readings on these state intentions are proposed. In this sense, the interpretations offered in this article have the sole purpose of constituting hypotheses, insinuating variables of interest and suggesting deeper research problems. By way of conclusion, some discussions are retrieved about the nature of the guiding principles of state school building in Argentina. It is proposed as a hypothesis for future works that it is not possible to affirm categorically that there has been a transition of the projects towards pedagogical guiding principles; although neither did it follow purely hygienic guidelines. On the contrary, the initiatives mentioned in this writing suggest that hygienic, pedagogical and also political principles emerged, discussed and disputed the leading role. Therefore, it is interesting to re-inscribe these findings in lines of analysis that trace objects of material culture and suggest transitions, irregularities, dispersions, displacements, etc.
本文的目的是提供一份19世纪新兴举措的简编,这些举措促进或加强了布宜诺斯艾利斯市财政小学的建筑建设。该方法包括研究立法、管理报告、教育普查、国家教育委员会的文件和教育期刊《教育监测》的文章等文件。确定了不同的时刻,提到了倡议的一般特征,并确定了主要和次要来源。此外,还提出了对这些国家意图的一些初步解读。从这个意义上说,本文提供的解释的唯一目的是构成假设,暗示感兴趣的变量,并提出更深层次的研究问题。最后,对阿根廷公立学校建设指导原则的性质进行了探讨。有人提出,作为未来工作的假设,不可能明确肯定项目已经向教学指导原则过渡;尽管两者都没有遵循纯粹的卫生准则。相反,本文中提到的倡议表明,卫生、教育和政治原则出现、讨论和质疑了主导作用。因此,有趣的是,将这些发现重新记录在追踪物质文化对象的分析线中,并提出过渡、不规则、分散、位移等。
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引用次数: 1
Separated by a Common Heterodoxy. Illich, Freire and the Perilous Spell of Radical Canonicity 被一个共同的异端分离。伊利奇、弗雷尔与激进规范的危险咒语
IF 0.3 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-06-22 DOI: 10.14516/ete.506
John Baldacchino
Many scholars, students and teachers who admire and continue to find inspiration in Paulo Freire’s and Ivan Illich’s work often insist on a shared common ground. This is done for good reason: Illich and Freire sought a sense of hope and liberation beyond the limitations by which large sections of humanity remain oppressed. It is therefore too easy to argue that texts like Pedagogy of the Oppressed and Deschooling Society can be aligned in sustaining a liberating and emancipatory approach, just as Illich’s case for the disestablishment of education would make a lot of sense if it were aligned with Freire’s critical pedagogical narrative. However, as this paper begins to show, though noble, such an approach would be detrimental to the one foundational aspect which both works happen to share: the claim to heterodoxy by which both Freire and Illich have endeared to make their case. More than a standard academic paper, this is a reflection on decades of being engaged with these two books. In a mix of personal and academic thoughts, and mostly taken from an Illichian perspective, the author argues that one must clearly separate these books by further submitting them to a reading that would immediately dispense with the gloss by which they remain canonized though often confused. While not exhaustive, this paper is meant to provoke more questions than give any specific answers.
许多学者、学生和教师在保罗·弗雷尔和伊凡·伊里奇的作品中钦佩并继续寻找灵感,他们往往坚持有共同点。这样做是有充分理由的:伊利希和弗雷尔寻求一种希望和解放感,超越了人类大部分人仍然受到压迫的局限。因此,很容易争辩说,像《被压迫社会的教育学》和《非学校社会的教育论》这样的文本可以在维持一种解放和解放的方法方面保持一致,就像伊利希关于废除教育的案例如果与弗雷尔的批判性教育叙事保持一致,那么它将非常有意义。然而,正如本文开始表明的那样,尽管这种方法是高尚的,但它将不利于两部作品碰巧共享的一个基本方面:弗雷尔和伊利希都喜欢用异端来证明自己的观点。这不仅仅是一篇标准的学术论文,也是对几十年来从事这两本书的反思。在个人和学术思想的混合中,作者认为,人们必须通过进一步阅读这些书来明确地将这些书分开,因为这些书会立即消除它们在经常被混淆的情况下仍然被推崇的光彩。虽然这篇论文并不详尽,但它旨在引发更多的问题,而不是给出任何具体的答案。
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引用次数: 2
Ivan Illich and Paulo Freire’s Ideas and Influences on Education in the Last Fifty Years 近五十年来伊凡·伊里奇和保罗·弗莱雷的教育思想及其影响
IF 0.3 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-06-22 DOI: 10.14516/ete.595
Jon Igelmo Zaldívar, Rosa Bruno-Jofré, Michael Attridge
The ideas of Paulo Freire and Ivan Illich occupy their own recognizable space for the intellectual history of education. Pedagogy of the Oppressed and Deschooling Society are part of the canon of classic books on education from the second half of the 20 th century. Even today their theses on education, social change and the role of educational institutions in society, serve as a starting point for seminars, international conferences, publications or teaching programs of the Faculties of Education and research groups still interested in the historical study of educational ideas. This special issue is related to the symposium entitled « Paulo Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed and Ivan Illich’s Deschooling Society Fifty Years Later », which took place virtually in the spring of 2021 to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of Pedagogy of the Oppressed (published in Portuguese in 1968, translated into English in 1970) and Deschooling Society (published in 1971 by Harper & Row). This academic event was funded by a Connection Grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) 1 . The organizers, Rosa
弗莱雷(Paulo Freire)和伊里奇(Ivan Illich)的思想在教育思想史上占据了自己可识别的空间。《被压迫者的教育学》和《去学校化的社会》是20世纪下半叶教育领域的经典著作之一。即使在今天,他们关于教育、社会变革和教育机构在社会中的作用的论文,仍然是教育学院和研究小组的研讨会、国际会议、出版物或教学计划的起点,这些研究小组仍然对教育思想的历史研究感兴趣。本期特刊与题为“保罗·弗莱雷的被压迫者教育学和伊凡·伊里奇的去学校化社会五十年后”的研讨会有关,该研讨会于2021年春季举行,以庆祝《被压迫者教育学》(1968年以葡萄牙语出版,1970年翻译成英语)和《去学校化社会》(1971年由哈珀和罗出版)出版五十周年。本次学术活动由社会科学与人文科学研究理事会(SSHRC)的连接基金资助。组织者罗莎
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引用次数: 0
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Espacio Tiempo y Educacion
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