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Los inicios transnacionales de los derechos de la infancia (primer tercio del siglo XX) 儿童权利的跨国起源(20世纪前三分之一)
IF 0.3 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-06-10 DOI: 10.14516/ete.327
Joana Miguelena Torrado, Pauli Dávila Balsera, L. M. Naya Garmendia
The international recognition of children’s rights began in 1924 within the framework of the League of Nations, with the so-called Geneva Declaration. The aim of this article is to analyse the root causes that made this declaration possible, focusing on a set of international conferences that addressed the topic of child protection, as well as on the charters and declarations on the rights of the child and on the Geneva Declaration itself, which we analyse using content analysis. The main sources are three lesser-known documents: the Moscow Declaration, the Korczak Declaration, and a publication in which children drew pictures to illustrate their understanding of their rights. The primary conclusion is that at the beginning of the 20th century these activities and meetings, in addition to the texts defending children’s rights, and national protection policies and institutions, contributed to international recognition of the rights of children and adolescents, which, until that moment, had been only vaguely defined and lacked a solid legal framework. In this sense, there was a transnational phenomenon that moved from protecting children to recognising their rights, which were enshrined in the subsequent international treaties published throughout the 20th century, culminating in the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child.
1924年,国际社会在国际联盟的框架内通过了所谓的《日内瓦宣言》,开始承认儿童的权利。本文的目的是分析使这一宣言成为可能的根本原因,重点是讨论儿童保护主题的一系列国际会议,以及关于儿童权利的宪章和宣言以及《日内瓦宣言》本身,我们使用内容分析对其进行分析。主要来源是三个不太为人所知的文件:《莫斯科宣言》、《科尔扎克宣言》和一份出版物,其中儿童通过绘画来说明他们对自己权利的理解。主要结论是,在20世纪初,这些活动和会议,加上捍卫儿童权利的案文以及国家保护政策和机构,促进了对儿童和青少年权利的国际承认,在此之前,儿童和青少年的权利只有模糊的定义,缺乏坚实的法律框架。从这个意义上说,这是一种跨国现象,从保护儿童到承认儿童的权利,这些权利被载入了整个20世纪发表的后续国际条约,并在1989年的《儿童权利公约》中达到高潮。
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引用次数: 0
De los surcos a los libros. Representaciones sobre campo, familia e infancia en manuales escolares (Argentina, décadas 1940-1960) 从沟槽到书。教科书中关于乡村、家庭和儿童的表现(阿根廷,1940-1960年)
IF 0.3 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-06-10 DOI: 10.14516/ete.331
Celeste De Marco
This study aims to shed light on how countryside, family and rural childhood were represented in school manuals for the third to sixth grade of primary school from 1940-1960, in Argentina, where traditionally the rural aspect was touted as an inherent feature in multiple senses. The historical period in question is significant because it encompassed the political transformations that lead from the conservatism of the 1930s to Peronism (1946-1955), through a break with democracy and truncated developmentalist proposals. This allows us to suppose, a priori, that the pedagogical materials would have been tools for reinforcing certain concepts. Based on a qualitative approach, a critical analysis of the frequency and tone of the appearance of rural scenarios, activities and subjects in the texts and images of primary sources was carried out. This analysis revealed certain recurrent topics linked to the countryside and rural life that were configured based on opposition. Rural childhood, initially scarcely portrayed, would progressively begin to appear. However, it was often shot through by various traditional characteristics that served to retain the infant subject at the periphery of an androcentric and adult-centered rural story.
本研究旨在揭示1940-1960年阿根廷小学三年级至六年级的学校手册中是如何描述农村、家庭和农村童年的。在阿根廷,农村方面传统上被吹捧为多种意义上的固有特征。所讨论的历史时期意义重大,因为它包含了从20世纪30年代的保守主义到庇隆主义(1946-1955)的政治变革,经历了与民主的决裂和被截断的发展主义提议。这允许我们假设,先验地,教学材料将是强化某些概念的工具。基于定性方法,对第一手资料文本和图像中农村场景、活动和主题出现的频率和语气进行了批判性分析。这一分析揭示了与农村和农村生活相关的某些反复出现的话题,这些话题是基于反对意见而配置的。农村的童年,最初很少被描绘出来,后来逐渐开始出现。然而,它经常被各种传统特征贯穿,这些特征将婴儿主体保留在以男性为中心和以成人为中心的农村故事的边缘。
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引用次数: 1
Historia de la educación y las infancias: problematizando temas y fuentes 教育和儿童史:问题化的主题和来源
IF 0.3 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-06-10 DOI: 10.14516/ETE.464
M. Kuhlmann, Beatriz Alcubierre
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引用次数: 0
New Russian Academic Journals and Yearbooks about the History of Pedagogy and Education in Russia (2003-2019) 俄罗斯新学术期刊和俄罗斯教育史年鉴(2003-2019)
IF 0.3 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-06-10 DOI: 10.14516/ETE.332
D. Caroli, G. Kornetov, S. Ivanova, A. Utkin
This article aims to present some new academic journals on the history of pedagogy and education published in Russia today. These journals were mainly founded after 2003, and, since then, have been contributing to a substantial revival in the field of the history of education and pedagogy. This paper is divided into five parts. The introduction presents some major changes that have occurred in the history of education and pedagogy in post-Communist Russia since the end of the 20th century until the first decades of the 21st century. The three following parts, each divided into two sections, are dedicated to one of the most important Yearbooks and to the two main Russian academic journals, in particular to their institutional connections and evolution over the last decades: The History of Pedagogy Yearbook (IPE) (1.a); The History of Education Journal (IPZ) (2.a); National and Foreign Pedagogy (OZP) (3.a). These journals are published, respectively, by the Academy of Public Administration (Moscow) (1.b); the Nizhnii Tagil State Social Pedagogical Institute/the Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University (Ekaterinburg) (2.b); and the Institute for Strategy of Education Development of the Russian Academy of Education (Moscow) (3.b). The conclusion will also provide an overview of other relevant academic journals which have contributed to the history of education by publishing both monographic issues and individual articles. Finally, this article highlights major scientific achievements in the field, yielding rich, intensive and promising new historiographical discoveries.
本文旨在介绍当今俄罗斯出版的一些新的教育学和教育史学术期刊。这些期刊主要创办于2003年之后,自那时以来,一直在为教育史和教育学领域的重大复兴做出贡献。本文共分为五个部分。引言介绍了自20世纪末至21世纪头几十年,后共产主义时期俄罗斯教育和教育史上发生的一些重大变化。以下三个部分,每个部分分为两个部分,专门介绍最重要的年鉴之一和两种主要的俄罗斯学术期刊,特别是它们在过去几十年中的制度联系和演变:《教育学年鉴史》(IPE)(1.a);教育史杂志(IPZ)(2.a);国家和外国教育学(OZP)(3.a)。这些期刊分别由公共行政学院(莫斯科)出版(1.b);日涅伊·塔吉尔国立社会教育学院/俄罗斯国立职业教育大学(叶卡捷琳堡)(2.b);以及俄罗斯教育学院教育发展战略研究所(莫斯科)(3.b)。结论还将概述其他相关学术期刊,这些期刊通过出版专著和个人文章对教育史做出了贡献。最后,本文重点介绍了该领域的重大科学成就,产生了丰富、密集和有前景的新史学发现。
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引用次数: 0
L’educazione sportiva dell’élites nell’Italia liberale: il ruolo dell’Istituto nazionale per l’incremento dell’educazione fisica (1906-1923) 意大利自由主义精英体育教育:国家体育发展研究所的作用(1906-1923)
IF 0.3 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-06-10 DOI: 10.14516/ete.279
D. Elia
The current research focuses on the development of urban elites in Italy at the beginning of the 20th century. Between 1906 and 1923 the National Institute for the Increase of Physical Education aimed at involving the leading groups of Italian cities in the promotion of physical activities by setting up local Committees. Thus, the goal of this study is to evaluate to what extent the Institute founded by jurist Luigi Lucchini contributed to integrate local élites with the system of sport and gymnastics values promoted at national level by State institutions such as school and army. The research extends to the topic of elites’ education the methodology outlined by Camurri (2009). The author argues that researchers should focus on all those processes that contributed to link central and local political institutions in order to point out bilateral influences existing between the 19th and 20th centuries. According to Camurri, a full understanding of Italian political and social history must analyse a variety of central-local relations. This article investigates the role of the National Institute for the Increase of Physical Education as it emerges from the correspondence between its central offices and local Committees and the magazine of the Institute. The letters analysed have been collected in local Archives, whereas the magazine was published between 1907 and 1912. As a provisional conclusion, the article provides evidence of how important further research on the education processes of Italian elites could be, as stated by Gaudio (2018, p. 9).
目前的研究集中在20世纪初意大利城市精英的发展。1906年至1923年间,国家体育教育发展研究所旨在通过设立地方委员会,让意大利城市的领导团体参与促进体育活动。因此,本研究的目的是评估法学家路易吉·卢奇尼创立的研究所在多大程度上有助于将地方精英与学校和军队等国家机构在国家层面推广的体育和体操价值观体系相结合。本研究将Camurri(2009)提出的方法论扩展到精英教育的主题。作者认为,研究人员应该关注所有有助于连接中央和地方政治机构的过程,以指出19世纪至20世纪之间存在的双边影响。Camurri认为,要全面了解意大利的政治和社会历史,就必须分析各种中央与地方的关系。本文调查了国家体育发展研究所在其中央办公室和地方委员会以及该研究所杂志之间的通信中所起的作用。分析的信件被收集在当地档案馆,而该杂志出版于1907年至1912年间。作为一个临时结论,这篇文章提供了证据,证明了对意大利精英教育过程的进一步研究有多么重要,正如高迪奥(2018,第9页)所述。
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引用次数: 1
I libri per l’infanzia: dagli alfabeti ai pop-up 儿童读物:从字母表到弹出式
IF 0.3 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-06-10 DOI: 10.14516/ETE.377
M. Morandini
In the paper Children’s Books: from ABCs to Pop-ups, I reconstruct the development of published offerings for pre-schoolers, both in Italy and abroad, across the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The rich and varied documentation held at Turin’s school museum allows us to analyse this kind of source at multiple levels: from the graphics (dimensions, colours, and font type) to the messages directed at children and calibrated to their social class; from the blend of realistic and fantastical content to the diverse methods used to present the alphabet and foster both visual and phonic learning; and from the characteristics of illustrations to the relationship between written text and the language of images. It is interesting to observe how, from the early twentieth century onwards, the progressive affirmation of a sentiment of childhood was reflected in the production of books designed to actively engage children in play – one of the most distinctive and spontaneous expressions of the nature of childhood.
在《儿童读物:从abc到弹窗》这篇论文中,我重建了19世纪和20世纪意大利和国外为学龄前儿童出版的书籍的发展。都灵学校博物馆保存的丰富多样的文件使我们能够从多个层面分析这种来源:从图形(尺寸、颜色和字体类型)到针对儿童的信息,并根据他们的社会阶层进行校准;从现实和幻想内容的融合到使用不同的方法来呈现字母表并促进视觉和语音学习;从插图的特点到文字文字与图像语言的关系。有趣的是,从20世纪早期开始,对童年情感的逐渐肯定是如何反映在旨在积极吸引儿童参与游戏的书籍的生产中的——这是童年本质的最独特和最自然的表达之一。
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引用次数: 1
Lyceum Education and the New Socioeconomic Realities Emerging from the Post-War (1945-1968) 学园教育与战后出现的新的社会经济现实(1945-1968)
IF 0.3 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-06-10 DOI: 10.14516/ETE.333
A. Gomes Ferreira, Luís Mota
The economic reconstruction of the European continent, as regards the capitalist bloc, combined policies for consolidating representative democracy through the European Recovery Programme (the Marshall Plan) and the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC). These policies resulted in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), with its liberal rationale of fostering economic competitiveness using technology and a belief in the good of development. A central role in this development was played by education, with its basis in the theory of human capital. In this period, Portugal recognized the need to reposition itself internationally, at the same time making thorough internal changes. The growing role of the state in ideological control made it possible to exact a contribution to economic development from education. Education planning policies were implemented in conjunction with economic planning and development, centred around the training of qualified human resources, the valorisation of school capital, and making use of technical support from international organisations. In this polarised context, how did the goals attributed to lyceum education and its curricular structure develop? What were the objectives of the so-called Preparatory Cycle of Secondary Education (Ciclo Preparatório do Ensino Secundário - CPES). A panoply of written sources has been called upon and submitted to documentary analysis using the critical method in order to answer these questions. In a certain way, they sum up the resolution of ideas and the polarity of positions on the burning question and the creation of the CPES, and the attention dedicated, at least rhetorically, to vocational guidance.
欧洲大陆的经济重建,就资本主义集团而言,结合了通过欧洲复苏方案(马歇尔计划)和欧洲经济合作组织巩固代议制民主的政策。这些政策产生了经济合作与发展组织(经合发组织),其自由主义理论是利用技术促进经济竞争力,并相信发展是有益的。教育在这一发展中发挥了核心作用,其基础是人力资本理论。在这一时期,葡萄牙认识到需要在国际上重新定位,同时进行彻底的内部改革。国家在意识形态控制方面的作用越来越大,这使得从教育中榨取对经济发展的贡献成为可能。教育规划政策的实施与经济规划和发展相结合,以培训合格的人力资源、学校资本增值和利用国际组织的技术支持为中心。在这种两极化的背景下,lyceum教育的目标和课程结构是如何发展的?所谓中等教育预备周期(Ciclo Preparatório do Ensino Secundário - CPES)的目标是什么?为了回答这些问题,大量的书面资料被要求使用批判性方法进行文献分析。在某种程度上,他们总结了思想的解决和在亟待解决的问题上立场的对立以及CPES的创建,以及至少在修辞上,对职业指导的关注。
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引用次数: 0
La investigación sobre la historia de la inspección de educación en España. Balance y perspectivas 西班牙教育督察的历史研究。评估与展望
IF 0.3 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-06-10 DOI: 10.14516/ete.338
José Luis Castán Esteban
With this work on the history of the education inspection in Spain, we set two objectives. On the one hand, compile and evaluate the historiographical production made up to the present. On the other, to raise new topics and research perspectives for future education historians. Most of the historical works on inspection have been written in the last thirty years. Many dedicated to a specific period of history, especially in relation to the Second Republic or Franco, others with a geographical demarcation. But more extensive research has also been carried out, where it has been studied how the inspection has been affected by the changes made in your organization, or its role in the implementation of certain educational policies.
通过这项关于西班牙教育考察历史的工作,我们设定了两个目标。一方面,对迄今为止的史学成果进行整理和评价。另一方面,为未来教育史家提出新的课题和研究视角。被检查的大部分历史著作都是近三十年来写的。许多致力于一个特定的历史时期,特别是与第二共和国或佛朗哥,其他人与地理划分。但是,更广泛的研究也已经开展,其中已经研究了检查如何受到您组织中所做的更改的影响,或者它在实施某些教育政策中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
The Daily Life of Italian and Italian-Descendant Children in Tenements, Work and School (Sao Paulo, Late 19th And Early 20th Century) 意大利和意大利后裔儿童在公寓、工作和学校的日常生活(圣保罗,19世纪末和20世纪初)
IF 0.3 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-06-10 DOI: 10.14516/ETE.365
Claudia Panizzolo
From the late 19th century onwards, men, women and children from the Italian peninsula started playing an increasingly relevant role in the history of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The text herein aims to investigate the presence of Italian and Italian-descendant children in Sao Paulo, especially among the lower social classes, focusing on their daily survival conditions and also in their roles as workers and students. In order to carry out this investigation, our time frame spans the two last decades of the 19th century and the first two decades of the 20th century – a period of significant arrivals of Italian immigrants to Sao Paulo. It was also a fruitful time in terms of the creation of Italian Schools and School Groups in neighborhoods where immigrants lived, as well as the creation of media content, written in both Italian and Portuguese, covering everyday life in factories and houses. Document analysis of references from Cultural History and the History of Childhood, as well as newspapers, official letters, consular dispatches and reports, public school yearbooks and publications about the city of Sao Paulo was performed. This revealed that Italian and Italian-descendant children learned, together with their parents, to live, coexist and survive living in unhealthy places, with little or no access to city benefits, usually with insufficient or inadequate food. Despite the many barriers to attending school, many parents faced strenuous sacrifices so that their children could go to an Italian School or to a Sao Paulo public school.
从19世纪末开始,来自意大利半岛的男人、女人和孩子开始在巴西圣保罗的历史中扮演越来越重要的角色。本文旨在调查意大利和意大利后裔儿童在圣保罗的存在,特别是在较低的社会阶层中,重点关注他们的日常生存条件,以及他们作为工人和学生的角色。为了进行这项调查,我们的时间框架跨越了19世纪最后二十年和20世纪前二十年-这是意大利移民大量抵达圣保罗的时期。在移民居住的社区建立意大利学校和学校团体,以及用意大利语和葡萄牙语撰写的媒体内容方面,这也是一个富有成效的时期,报道了工厂和房屋的日常生活。对文化史和儿童史以及报纸、官方信件、领事电报和报告、公立学校年鉴和关于圣保罗市的出版物的参考文献进行了文件分析。这表明,意大利人和意大利裔儿童与他们的父母一起学会了在不健康的地方生活、共存和生存,很少或根本无法获得城市福利,通常食物不足或不足。尽管上学有很多障碍,但许多父母还是做出了巨大的牺牲,让他们的孩子能上意大利学校或圣保罗公立学校。
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引用次数: 0
«Educational research must penetrate the cultural construction of the nation … and leave the comfort zone of moralizing about the world». Interview with Daniel Tröhler “教育研究必须渗透到国家的文化建设中……并走出对世界说教的舒适区”。采访丹尼尔Tröhler
IF 0.3 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-06-10 DOI: 10.14516/ETE.420
Michaela Vogt, A. Blasbichler
Daniel Tröhler is an international heavyweight in Educational Sciences who has published, edited, or co-edited over 50 books or Special Issues in Journals, more than 100 journal articles, and more than 150 book-chapters. His book «Languages of Education - Protestant Legacies, National Identities, and Global Aspirations»(Routledge, 2011) was translated into multiple languages and won the American Educational Research Association’s (AERA) Outstanding Book Award. Since 2017, Tröhler holds the professorship for «Foundations of Education»at the University of Vienna (Austria). Prior to that, he researched and taught at the University of Luxemburg (2008 – 2016) and the University of Zurich (Switzerland) (2002 – 2008) where he also completed his undergraduate degree, PhD degree, and habilitation. His research explores national histories of thought in the field of education and their institutional manifestation from the 18th century to the present. Through historical as well as comparative analysis of laws, textbooks, and curricula, he juxtapositions institutional histories and history of ideas and analyzes their regional, national, and transnational impact. Tröhler was also guest professor in Oulu (Finland), Granada (Spain), and is since 2018 visiting Professor in Oslo (Norway).
Daniel Tröhler是教育科学领域的国际重量级人物,他出版、编辑或共同编辑了50多本书或期刊特刊,100多篇期刊文章,150多个章节。他的著作《教育语言-新教遗产、民族认同和全球抱负》(Routledge,2011)被翻译成多种语言,并获得美国教育研究协会(AERA)杰出图书奖。自2017年以来,Tröhler担任维也纳大学(奥地利)“教育基础”教授。在此之前,他曾在卢森堡大学(2008-2016)和苏黎世大学(瑞士)(2002-2008)进行研究和教学,并在那里完成了本科学位、博士学位和适应训练。他的研究探索了18世纪至今教育领域的民族思想史及其制度表现。通过对法律、教科书和课程的历史和比较分析,他将制度史和思想史并置,并分析其区域、国家和跨国影响。Tröhler还是Oulu(芬兰)、Granada(西班牙)的客座教授,自2018年以来一直是奥斯陆(挪威)的客座研究员。
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引用次数: 0
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Espacio Tiempo y Educacion
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