Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.33745/ijzi.2019.v05i01.007
Roy Sp, V. R.K., R. Roy
{"title":"Evaluation of Energy Expenditures (Kcal/h) in Different Instars of Mesogomphus lineatus Selys (Anisoptera : Gomphidae)","authors":"Roy Sp, V. R.K., R. Roy","doi":"10.33745/ijzi.2019.v05i01.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33745/ijzi.2019.v05i01.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":420273,"journal":{"name":"Vol. 5, No. 1","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131853668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-10DOI: 10.33745/IJZI.2019.V05I01.006
G. R. Kumar, Upadhayay Ravi Kant
: In the present investigation biomolecules in the blood of spider Crossopriza lyoni were determined in albino mice. For visualizing biomolecule effects, physiological or sub-lethal dose of purified venom toxins of spider Crossopriza lyoni was administered in laboratory reared albino mice. Level of serum total protein was decreased significantly (p<0.05) up to 78 % and 69 % at 6 h of 40% and 80% of 24-h LD 50 , respectively as compared to control. Later on, it was slightly recovered up to 85 % and 84 % at 10 h in comparison to control. Level of serum free amino acid was increased significantly (p<0.05) up to 117 % at 6 h of 40% of 24-h LD 50 of purified Crossopriza lyoni venom toxins while 80 % of 24-h LD 50 caused a significant increase of 151 % at 8 h. A significant (p<0.05) elevation in serum uric acid was found to be 138 % and 136 % at 8 h of treatment with 40 % and 80 % of 24-h LD 50 of purified Crossopriza lyoni venom toxins, respectively in comparison to control. Similarly a marginal reduction in serum cholesterol level i.e. 87 % and 88 % was found at 10 h of treatment with 40 % and 80 % of 24-h LD 50 of purified venom toxins from C. lyoni in comparison to control. Serum pyruvic acid increased significantly (p<0.05) up to maximum 164 % at 6 h of treatment with 40 % of 24-h LD 50 of purified C. lyoni venom toxins in comparison to control. Similarly, a significant (p<0.05) elevation in serum glucose level i.e. 152 % was noted at 10 h of treatment with 40 % of 24-h LD 50 of purified C. lyoni venom toxins in comparison to control.
{"title":"Spider Crossopriza lyoni Purified Venom Toxin Induced Bio-molecular Alterations in Blood of Albino Mice","authors":"G. R. Kumar, Upadhayay Ravi Kant","doi":"10.33745/IJZI.2019.V05I01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33745/IJZI.2019.V05I01.006","url":null,"abstract":": In the present investigation biomolecules in the blood of spider Crossopriza lyoni were determined in albino mice. For visualizing biomolecule effects, physiological or sub-lethal dose of purified venom toxins of spider Crossopriza lyoni was administered in laboratory reared albino mice. Level of serum total protein was decreased significantly (p<0.05) up to 78 % and 69 % at 6 h of 40% and 80% of 24-h LD 50 , respectively as compared to control. Later on, it was slightly recovered up to 85 % and 84 % at 10 h in comparison to control. Level of serum free amino acid was increased significantly (p<0.05) up to 117 % at 6 h of 40% of 24-h LD 50 of purified Crossopriza lyoni venom toxins while 80 % of 24-h LD 50 caused a significant increase of 151 % at 8 h. A significant (p<0.05) elevation in serum uric acid was found to be 138 % and 136 % at 8 h of treatment with 40 % and 80 % of 24-h LD 50 of purified Crossopriza lyoni venom toxins, respectively in comparison to control. Similarly a marginal reduction in serum cholesterol level i.e. 87 % and 88 % was found at 10 h of treatment with 40 % and 80 % of 24-h LD 50 of purified venom toxins from C. lyoni in comparison to control. Serum pyruvic acid increased significantly (p<0.05) up to maximum 164 % at 6 h of treatment with 40 % of 24-h LD 50 of purified C. lyoni venom toxins in comparison to control. Similarly, a significant (p<0.05) elevation in serum glucose level i.e. 152 % was noted at 10 h of treatment with 40 % of 24-h LD 50 of purified C. lyoni venom toxins in comparison to control.","PeriodicalId":420273,"journal":{"name":"Vol. 5, No. 1","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133160645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-31DOI: 10.33745/IJZI.2019.V05I01.003
Betina Sara Imene, Harrat Abboud, Petit Daniel
: The response of grasshoppers to climatic changes is rarely documented in arid areas. Here we address this subject in terms of phenology, i.e. the peaks of larva and adult abundance, according to species through bimonthly samplings in 2012 and 2013. The study was conducted in the Belezma National Park (northern Algeria) at Djerma (1021 m). The arid character is assessed by annual rainfalls around 330 mm. 2365 grasshoppers from 15 species were collected. Two assemblages were found, separated by the date of adult peaks, a spring one composed of 6 species (Pamphagidae and Pyrgomorphidae) and a summer one composed of 9 species (mainly Acrididae, Oedipodinae). Temperatures recorded in situ in 2102 were regularly higher than in 2013, almost from mid-May, whereas there was a humidity in spring 2012, and in summer 2013. In response to temperature and rainfall variations between these two years, the species of spring assemblage are in advance in 2012, and the contrary for those of summer assemblage. The phenology advance of spring assemblage species corresponds to a greater accumulation of degree-days during spring 2012. As regard summer assemblage, the 17 days-delay of nymphs observed in 2012 is reduced by 9 days in adults, in relation with the highest temperatures of summer 2012. Here it is hypothesized the major role of winter humidity that may have slowed down the hatching time of eggs and/or development of the first instars of summer assemblage species, surpassing the effect of temperatures. This winter humidity does not seem to affect the species of spring assemblage, mainly sensitive to warming.
{"title":"Phenology of Early-Season and Mid-Season Grasshoppers Shows Contrasted Responses Toward Climatic Variations in an Arid Area","authors":"Betina Sara Imene, Harrat Abboud, Petit Daniel","doi":"10.33745/IJZI.2019.V05I01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33745/IJZI.2019.V05I01.003","url":null,"abstract":": The response of grasshoppers to climatic changes is rarely documented in arid areas. Here we address this subject in terms of phenology, i.e. the peaks of larva and adult abundance, according to species through bimonthly samplings in 2012 and 2013. The study was conducted in the Belezma National Park (northern Algeria) at Djerma (1021 m). The arid character is assessed by annual rainfalls around 330 mm. 2365 grasshoppers from 15 species were collected. Two assemblages were found, separated by the date of adult peaks, a spring one composed of 6 species (Pamphagidae and Pyrgomorphidae) and a summer one composed of 9 species (mainly Acrididae, Oedipodinae). Temperatures recorded in situ in 2102 were regularly higher than in 2013, almost from mid-May, whereas there was a humidity in spring 2012, and in summer 2013. In response to temperature and rainfall variations between these two years, the species of spring assemblage are in advance in 2012, and the contrary for those of summer assemblage. The phenology advance of spring assemblage species corresponds to a greater accumulation of degree-days during spring 2012. As regard summer assemblage, the 17 days-delay of nymphs observed in 2012 is reduced by 9 days in adults, in relation with the highest temperatures of summer 2012. Here it is hypothesized the major role of winter humidity that may have slowed down the hatching time of eggs and/or development of the first instars of summer assemblage species, surpassing the effect of temperatures. This winter humidity does not seem to affect the species of spring assemblage, mainly sensitive to warming.","PeriodicalId":420273,"journal":{"name":"Vol. 5, No. 1","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130914089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-31DOI: 10.33745/IJZI.2019.V05I01.002
K. Ajay, K. SrivastavSunil, K. SrivastavAjai
: Hypophysectomy was performed on freshwater male stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis . Prolactin (0.1 mg/100 g bw/day) was administered to the hypophysectomized fish for 10 days. The plasma calcium, phosphate and magnesium levels were determined on day 1, 3, 5 and 10. Hypophysectomy provoked hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia whereas the plasma magnesium levels were not significantly altered. Administration of prolactin to hypophyesctomized fish elevated the levels of these electrolytes . These results indicate that prolactin may be involved in the regulation of calcium, phosphate and magnesium in fish.
:对淡水雄性刺鲶(Heteropneustes)化石进行垂体切除术。将泌乳素(0.1 mg/100 g bw/day)给予去垂体的鱼，持续10天。分别于第1、3、5、10天测定血浆钙、磷酸盐、镁水平。垂体切除术引起低钙血症和低磷血症，而血浆镁水平没有明显改变。给去垂体的鱼服用催乳素会提高这些电解质的水平。上述结果提示催乳素可能参与了鱼类钙、磷、镁的调节。
{"title":"Plasma Calcium, Phosphate and Magnesium Levels of the Freshwater Male Stinging Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis in Response to Hypophysectomy and Replacement Therapy with Prolactin","authors":"K. Ajay, K. SrivastavSunil, K. SrivastavAjai","doi":"10.33745/IJZI.2019.V05I01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33745/IJZI.2019.V05I01.002","url":null,"abstract":": Hypophysectomy was performed on freshwater male stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis . Prolactin (0.1 mg/100 g bw/day) was administered to the hypophysectomized fish for 10 days. The plasma calcium, phosphate and magnesium levels were determined on day 1, 3, 5 and 10. Hypophysectomy provoked hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia whereas the plasma magnesium levels were not significantly altered. Administration of prolactin to hypophyesctomized fish elevated the levels of these electrolytes . These results indicate that prolactin may be involved in the regulation of calcium, phosphate and magnesium in fish.","PeriodicalId":420273,"journal":{"name":"Vol. 5, No. 1","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128442184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-31DOI: 10.33745/IJZI.2019.V05I01.001
P. Kumar, Upadhyay Ravi Kant
In this study biological effects of purified wasp venom toxins were evaluated on phosphatase enzyme activity in blood serum, liver and gastrocnemius muscle tissue of albino mice. A significant elevation was observed in serum acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase in serum, liver and gastrocnemius muscles in albino mice after injection of sub-lethal dose of purified Polistes flavus venom toxins. Polistes flavus venom toxins also cause liver ischemia and hypoxia, which resulted in increase in level of serum acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase, may retard the protein synthesis in tissues and release excess free amino acids into the circulation, thereby, increasing amino acid level in the serum. Both conditions clearly indicate toxic effects of venom toxins on membrane and muscle cell functions.
{"title":"Effects of Purified Paper (Yellow) Wasp (Polistes flavus) Venom Toxins on Phosphatase Enzyme Activity in Blood Serum, Liver and Gastrocnemius Muscle Tissue of Albino Mice","authors":"P. Kumar, Upadhyay Ravi Kant","doi":"10.33745/IJZI.2019.V05I01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33745/IJZI.2019.V05I01.001","url":null,"abstract":"In this study biological effects of purified wasp venom toxins were evaluated on phosphatase enzyme activity in blood serum, liver and gastrocnemius muscle tissue of albino mice. A significant elevation was observed in serum acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase in serum, liver and gastrocnemius muscles in albino mice after injection of sub-lethal dose of purified Polistes flavus venom toxins. Polistes flavus venom toxins also cause liver ischemia and hypoxia, which resulted in increase in level of serum acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase, may retard the protein synthesis in tissues and release excess free amino acids into the circulation, thereby, increasing amino acid level in the serum. Both conditions clearly indicate toxic effects of venom toxins on membrane and muscle cell functions.","PeriodicalId":420273,"journal":{"name":"Vol. 5, No. 1","volume":"321 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116111247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-31DOI: 10.33745/IJZI.2019.V05I01.004
Kapinder, Tarkeshwar, K. Amit, Singh Ashok Kumar
: In present study effect of sucrose, honey odour and its different fractions on orientation and behaviour of Cotesia plutellae (K) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) , a larval endoparasitoid of Plutella xylostella (L) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), was studied under laboratory conditions. Orientation responses of naïve, unmated and unfed adults of C. plutellae were tested in a T-shaped tunnel. Female wasps showed attraction, antennation and mouth parts extension to honey at a distance in response to its odour. Attraction of females to honey was innate because the wasps derived from sucrose-fed parents showed same level of attraction to honey as those derived from honey-fed parents. Hexane fraction of hexane-extracted honey attracted females, but did not elicit antennation and mouthparts extension. Aqueous fraction of hexane-extracted honey elicited latter two responses but no attraction. Male wasps showed antennation and mouthparts extension but no responses to honey odour. A comparison of Preference Indices of the wasps for different fractions showed that their attraction to the hexane fraction and antennation/mouthparts extension to the aqueous fraction were significantly less than those to the un-extracted honey. The present study suggests that it may be helpful in biological control with C. plutellae to use honey odour in the background of an appropriate, nutritionally efficient, food like sucrose or a formulation of various nutrients which may itself be unattractive to the parasitoids.
{"title":"Orientation and Behavioural Responses of Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Towards Honey and Sucrose","authors":"Kapinder, Tarkeshwar, K. Amit, Singh Ashok Kumar","doi":"10.33745/IJZI.2019.V05I01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33745/IJZI.2019.V05I01.004","url":null,"abstract":": In present study effect of sucrose, honey odour and its different fractions on orientation and behaviour of Cotesia plutellae (K) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) , a larval endoparasitoid of Plutella xylostella (L) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), was studied under laboratory conditions. Orientation responses of naïve, unmated and unfed adults of C. plutellae were tested in a T-shaped tunnel. Female wasps showed attraction, antennation and mouth parts extension to honey at a distance in response to its odour. Attraction of females to honey was innate because the wasps derived from sucrose-fed parents showed same level of attraction to honey as those derived from honey-fed parents. Hexane fraction of hexane-extracted honey attracted females, but did not elicit antennation and mouthparts extension. Aqueous fraction of hexane-extracted honey elicited latter two responses but no attraction. Male wasps showed antennation and mouthparts extension but no responses to honey odour. A comparison of Preference Indices of the wasps for different fractions showed that their attraction to the hexane fraction and antennation/mouthparts extension to the aqueous fraction were significantly less than those to the un-extracted honey. The present study suggests that it may be helpful in biological control with C. plutellae to use honey odour in the background of an appropriate, nutritionally efficient, food like sucrose or a formulation of various nutrients which may itself be unattractive to the parasitoids.","PeriodicalId":420273,"journal":{"name":"Vol. 5, No. 1","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114300059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-31DOI: 10.33745/IJZI.2019.V05I01.005
K. SrivastavaGaurav, K. PrabhujiShakti, Ahmad Ausaf, Richa
: Fungi are known to attack eggs, fry, fingerlings and adults of fishes and as a general rule the fungal infection starts when the host gets injured either mechanically or as a result of infections other than fungal. Besides the surface infections (dermatomycoses), the fungal pathogens penetrate into deeper tissues and cause deep mycoses damaging the internal tissues and organs. Anabas testudineus, Hypophthalmichtys molitrix, Labeo rohita, Labeo calbasu, Mystus mystus have been studied for the deep mycoses caused by watermoulds. The present investigations have shown several symptoms from tissue damage to the spinal curvature and an attempt has been made to assess the extent of deep dermal tissue destruction in Anabas testudineus parasitized by Pythium oligandrum Dreschler . The proteolytic enzyme production by the watermoulds has been found to be directly proportional to the intensity of fungal infection in fish.
{"title":"Deep Mycoses in Certain Freshwater Fishes of Eastern Uttar Pradesh (India) Caused by Watermoulds","authors":"K. SrivastavaGaurav, K. PrabhujiShakti, Ahmad Ausaf, Richa","doi":"10.33745/IJZI.2019.V05I01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33745/IJZI.2019.V05I01.005","url":null,"abstract":": Fungi are known to attack eggs, fry, fingerlings and adults of fishes and as a general rule the fungal infection starts when the host gets injured either mechanically or as a result of infections other than fungal. Besides the surface infections (dermatomycoses), the fungal pathogens penetrate into deeper tissues and cause deep mycoses damaging the internal tissues and organs. Anabas testudineus, Hypophthalmichtys molitrix, Labeo rohita, Labeo calbasu, Mystus mystus have been studied for the deep mycoses caused by watermoulds. The present investigations have shown several symptoms from tissue damage to the spinal curvature and an attempt has been made to assess the extent of deep dermal tissue destruction in Anabas testudineus parasitized by Pythium oligandrum Dreschler . The proteolytic enzyme production by the watermoulds has been found to be directly proportional to the intensity of fungal infection in fish.","PeriodicalId":420273,"journal":{"name":"Vol. 5, No. 1","volume":"211 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124749419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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