Seismic safety evaluation and performance assessment of existing structures provides an avenue to explore the value of uniqueness in structural design of many distinctive historic monuments, which thereby becomes a critical aspect of structural engineering research. Many historic structures have good seismic performance intrinsically incorporated through a careful choice of structural form, orientation of principal load carrying elements and robustness in their structural design. The Sardar Vallabhai Patel Stadium situated in the city of Ahmedabad is a uniquely designed iconic structure of 20th century India. Designed by architect Charles Correa and structural engineer Mahendra Raj, this historic structure is the first stadium in India to have a cantilevered roof structure. The stadium has been included in the “2020 World Monuments Watch” which includes structures that have significant historical significance and contemporary social impact. Accordingly, the Getty Conservation Institute (GCI) has included this structure among 13 significant 20th century buildings that receive the “Keeping it modern” grants as part of Conserving Modern Architecture Initiative by GCI. The current work looks at presenting a structural appraisal of this iconic stadium and performing a seismic assessment of the structure to explore the fundamental load paths and investigate their adequacy in ensuring seismic safety.
{"title":"Structural form for inherent seismic safety: Sardar Vallabhai Patel Stadium, Ahmedabad","authors":"S Krishnachandran, A Menon, A K Sengupta","doi":"10.1680/jenhh.23.00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jenhh.23.00011","url":null,"abstract":"Seismic safety evaluation and performance assessment of existing structures provides an avenue to explore the value of uniqueness in structural design of many distinctive historic monuments, which thereby becomes a critical aspect of structural engineering research. Many historic structures have good seismic performance intrinsically incorporated through a careful choice of structural form, orientation of principal load carrying elements and robustness in their structural design. The Sardar Vallabhai Patel Stadium situated in the city of Ahmedabad is a uniquely designed iconic structure of 20th century India. Designed by architect Charles Correa and structural engineer Mahendra Raj, this historic structure is the first stadium in India to have a cantilevered roof structure. The stadium has been included in the “2020 World Monuments Watch” which includes structures that have significant historical significance and contemporary social impact. Accordingly, the Getty Conservation Institute (GCI) has included this structure among 13 significant 20th century buildings that receive the “Keeping it modern” grants as part of Conserving Modern Architecture Initiative by GCI. The current work looks at presenting a structural appraisal of this iconic stadium and performing a seismic assessment of the structure to explore the fundamental load paths and investigate their adequacy in ensuring seismic safety.","PeriodicalId":42072,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Engineering History and Heritage","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135267870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This briefing is a personal view of the value to be gained by designers of future infrastructure from researching the history of engineering projects. It exhorts current designers to consider past practice as a key field of study. Research of similar projects, and their learning legacies, should be regarded as a key preparatory stage before embarking on new designs. This is advocated as an essential component of project risk mitigation. The briefing describes the network curated by the Institution of Civil Engineers that champions 'engineering foresight from hindsight' and its three pillars – the collection of useful data; the curation of the data; education and outreach that makes use of the data. Recent activities are listed that provide examples of these principles in action, and volunteers are invited to join the community.
{"title":"Briefing: Engineering foresight from hindsight: why knowledge of the past is essential for designers of the future","authors":"Gordon G T Masterton","doi":"10.1680/jenhh.23.00016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jenhh.23.00016","url":null,"abstract":"This briefing is a personal view of the value to be gained by designers of future infrastructure from researching the history of engineering projects. It exhorts current designers to consider past practice as a key field of study. Research of similar projects, and their learning legacies, should be regarded as a key preparatory stage before embarking on new designs. This is advocated as an essential component of project risk mitigation. The briefing describes the network curated by the Institution of Civil Engineers that champions 'engineering foresight from hindsight' and its three pillars – the collection of useful data; the curation of the data; education and outreach that makes use of the data. Recent activities are listed that provide examples of these principles in action, and volunteers are invited to join the community.","PeriodicalId":42072,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Engineering History and Heritage","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134948211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jorge Bernabeu-Larena, José Antonio Martín-Caro, Patricia Hernández-Lamas, Álvaro Gil Plana
Madrid’s bridges trace a path through the evolution of construction technologies over the past five centuries. Since Madrid became the capital of Spain in the sixteenth century, bridges have taken centre stage in the growth of the city. Firstly, they crossed its rivers; later, they crossed other obstacles and connecting routes. Over time, they display a succession of materials, types and technological solutions. They include unique works and key historical figures in the history of construction. The authors propose a chronological analysis of materials and techniques: masonry bridges, iron bridges, reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete, composite bridges and modern designs. Studying them from a technological point of view offers a previously unseen view of their major significance in heritage. The individual value of each one is added to the overall historical and cultural value. This paper helps highlight the individual and collective relevance of Madrid’s bridges, and it is also a chance to take a look back over the technical development of bridge engineering up to the present day.
{"title":"Technical heritage of Madrid’s bridges","authors":"Jorge Bernabeu-Larena, José Antonio Martín-Caro, Patricia Hernández-Lamas, Álvaro Gil Plana","doi":"10.1680/jenhh.23.00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jenhh.23.00012","url":null,"abstract":"Madrid’s bridges trace a path through the evolution of construction technologies over the past five centuries. Since Madrid became the capital of Spain in the sixteenth century, bridges have taken centre stage in the growth of the city. Firstly, they crossed its rivers; later, they crossed other obstacles and connecting routes. Over time, they display a succession of materials, types and technological solutions. They include unique works and key historical figures in the history of construction. The authors propose a chronological analysis of materials and techniques: masonry bridges, iron bridges, reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete, composite bridges and modern designs. Studying them from a technological point of view offers a previously unseen view of their major significance in heritage. The individual value of each one is added to the overall historical and cultural value. This paper helps highlight the individual and collective relevance of Madrid’s bridges, and it is also a chance to take a look back over the technical development of bridge engineering up to the present day.","PeriodicalId":42072,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Engineering History and Heritage","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134950898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biography illuminates the lives of past generations of engineers and puts their engineering achievements in human context. It joins the dots between the design and construction of works by individuals and teams. Recognising that the civil engineering profession lacked a reference source on the lives and achievements of previous generations, the Institution of Civil Engineers’ Archives Panel established an editorial board under the initial chairmanship of Professor Sir Alec Skempton to create a biographical dictionary in 1995. Work on the project resulted in three published volumes, the last of which appeared in 2014. This paper reflects on what has happened in the world of civil engineering biography in the following decade and what more can be done to ensure the lives and achievements of civil engineers can be adequately recorded for posterity.
{"title":"Briefing: British civil engineering biography: ten years on","authors":"Mike Chrimes","doi":"10.1680/jenhh.23.00015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jenhh.23.00015","url":null,"abstract":"Biography illuminates the lives of past generations of engineers and puts their engineering achievements in human context. It joins the dots between the design and construction of works by individuals and teams. Recognising that the civil engineering profession lacked a reference source on the lives and achievements of previous generations, the Institution of Civil Engineers’ Archives Panel established an editorial board under the initial chairmanship of Professor Sir Alec Skempton to create a biographical dictionary in 1995. Work on the project resulted in three published volumes, the last of which appeared in 2014. This paper reflects on what has happened in the world of civil engineering biography in the following decade and what more can be done to ensure the lives and achievements of civil engineers can be adequately recorded for posterity.","PeriodicalId":42072,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Engineering History and Heritage","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134950904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction to ‘The “New York Times” Building’ by D. Friedman","authors":"D. Friedman","doi":"10.1680/jenhh.23.00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jenhh.23.00008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42072,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Engineering History and Heritage","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47875211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This briefing synthesises the extensive and specialist operations that have been happening in the last two years at the major restoration site of the Notre Dame in Paris, framing them into their cultural, political and administrative context. Although all key decisions have been taken already, there are many interesting stages professional engineers can learn for projects of similar scale and exposure. The briefing also aims to stimulate a reflection on engineers’ and architects’ reactions to such traumatic events, professionally and institutionally.
{"title":"Briefing: Updates on the reconstruction in Notre Dame of Paris","authors":"D. Theodossopoulos","doi":"10.1680/jenhh.23.00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jenhh.23.00006","url":null,"abstract":"This briefing synthesises the extensive and specialist operations that have been happening in the last two years at the major restoration site of the Notre Dame in Paris, framing them into their cultural, political and administrative context. Although all key decisions have been taken already, there are many interesting stages professional engineers can learn for projects of similar scale and exposure. The briefing also aims to stimulate a reflection on engineers’ and architects’ reactions to such traumatic events, professionally and institutionally.","PeriodicalId":42072,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Engineering History and Heritage","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43557693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1680/jenhh.2023.176.2.39
Richard M. Harris
{"title":"Editorial","authors":"Richard M. Harris","doi":"10.1680/jenhh.2023.176.2.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jenhh.2023.176.2.39","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42072,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Engineering History and Heritage","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44914205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The National Trust owns some 200 reservoirs, of which 47 are Statutory Large Raised Reservoirs; of the remainder circa 40 are thought to have volumes in the range 10,000 m3 to 25,000 m3. The reservoirs were mostly built in the 18th, 19th or 20th centuries, when construction methods were both varied and evolving. They have therefore never been fully assessed against modern dam engineering standards. The National Trust has endeavoured to identify and manage all its non-statutory reservoirs with a view to understanding the risk they pose, assessing investment requirements, their significance within the landscape and developing appropriate management and monitoring practices to ensure dam safety. With the likely change in threshold for registration with the regulator on the horizon the Trust has reviewed its non-statutory reservoir assessments and collected a number of common challenges and themes which appear regularly across its portfolio. These range from working within complex heritage designations, tree and vegetation management, through to better understanding of the resilience of reservoirs in small catchments. This paper aims to share some of this knowledge and raise some questions about potential future regulation and management of reservoirs. This paper contributes to UN Sustainable Development Goal 9 on Infrastructure and Goal 15, Life on Land.
{"title":"Non statutory reservoirs – a journey of discovery","authors":"M. Roberts, R. Thorp, J. Benn","doi":"10.1680/jenhh.22.00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jenhh.22.00014","url":null,"abstract":"The National Trust owns some 200 reservoirs, of which 47 are Statutory Large Raised Reservoirs; of the remainder circa 40 are thought to have volumes in the range 10,000 m3 to 25,000 m3. The reservoirs were mostly built in the 18th, 19th or 20th centuries, when construction methods were both varied and evolving. They have therefore never been fully assessed against modern dam engineering standards. The National Trust has endeavoured to identify and manage all its non-statutory reservoirs with a view to understanding the risk they pose, assessing investment requirements, their significance within the landscape and developing appropriate management and monitoring practices to ensure dam safety. With the likely change in threshold for registration with the regulator on the horizon the Trust has reviewed its non-statutory reservoir assessments and collected a number of common challenges and themes which appear regularly across its portfolio. These range from working within complex heritage designations, tree and vegetation management, through to better understanding of the resilience of reservoirs in small catchments. This paper aims to share some of this knowledge and raise some questions about potential future regulation and management of reservoirs. This paper contributes to UN Sustainable Development Goal 9 on Infrastructure and Goal 15, Life on Land.","PeriodicalId":42072,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Engineering History and Heritage","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42727631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The extensive damage of cathedrals and major churches in the North of France during the Great War reflects the dramatic and blind destruction of urban and rural architecture and landscapes in the area. Their reconstruction was a systematic endeavour that was driven by state care and followed different priorities and timescale (1919-38) than the civil sector, while the technology used showed a variety of responses to contemporary practice. The restorers’ priorities were often conditioned by the need to accommodate worship as the survivors were rebuilding their lives. The extensive reconstructions in the major churches of Soissons, Noyon, Reims and St-Quentin ranged from faithful reproductions of the walls and vaults in dressed stonework to new roof trusses in concrete, and in most cases the execution is durable and of high quality. A detailed outline of the process is discussed in two cases where reconstructions were partial and focused on vaults, the cathedral of Soissons and Notre-Dame of Noyon. The research is based on archives of the works and literature on the subject in French, and aims to highlight the technical dimension of that unique endeavour in a literature that focuses more on the cultural dimensions of the destruction and reconstruction.
{"title":"The reconstruction of Noyon and Soissons Cathedrals after the First World War","authors":"D. Theodossopoulos","doi":"10.1680/jenhh.22.00016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jenhh.22.00016","url":null,"abstract":"The extensive damage of cathedrals and major churches in the North of France during the Great War reflects the dramatic and blind destruction of urban and rural architecture and landscapes in the area. Their reconstruction was a systematic endeavour that was driven by state care and followed different priorities and timescale (1919-38) than the civil sector, while the technology used showed a variety of responses to contemporary practice. The restorers’ priorities were often conditioned by the need to accommodate worship as the survivors were rebuilding their lives. The extensive reconstructions in the major churches of Soissons, Noyon, Reims and St-Quentin ranged from faithful reproductions of the walls and vaults in dressed stonework to new roof trusses in concrete, and in most cases the execution is durable and of high quality. A detailed outline of the process is discussed in two cases where reconstructions were partial and focused on vaults, the cathedral of Soissons and Notre-Dame of Noyon. The research is based on archives of the works and literature on the subject in French, and aims to highlight the technical dimension of that unique endeavour in a literature that focuses more on the cultural dimensions of the destruction and reconstruction.","PeriodicalId":42072,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Engineering History and Heritage","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42346354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prior Park is a historic landscaped garden situated in Bath, funded in the 18th century by Ralph Allen, and designed by the poet Alexander Pope and the landscape architect ‘Capability’ Brown. The gardens include a Palladian Bridge and three man-made lakes, two formed by embankments and the third by a weir situated beneath the bridge. Following decades of decline, the National Trust was gifted the park in 1994, and has since set to restoring the park to its former glory. This paper focusses on the restoration of the lakes and describes how overflow spillway capacities from the lakes were increased to allow flood water to pass safely downstream. It also describes how the embankments were repaired and strengthened without impacting upon the vision of the park set by the original architects. The engineering works included reinforcement of grass turf with geotextile, using stilling basins hidden in chambers below the embankments, and restoration of a cascade feature to one of the dams.
{"title":"Remedial works to ornamental ponds within a historic park","authors":"S. Cavanagh, B. Read","doi":"10.1680/jenhh.22.00015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jenhh.22.00015","url":null,"abstract":"Prior Park is a historic landscaped garden situated in Bath, funded in the 18th century by Ralph Allen, and designed by the poet Alexander Pope and the landscape architect ‘Capability’ Brown. The gardens include a Palladian Bridge and three man-made lakes, two formed by embankments and the third by a weir situated beneath the bridge. Following decades of decline, the National Trust was gifted the park in 1994, and has since set to restoring the park to its former glory. This paper focusses on the restoration of the lakes and describes how overflow spillway capacities from the lakes were increased to allow flood water to pass safely downstream. It also describes how the embankments were repaired and strengthened without impacting upon the vision of the park set by the original architects. The engineering works included reinforcement of grass turf with geotextile, using stilling basins hidden in chambers below the embankments, and restoration of a cascade feature to one of the dams.","PeriodicalId":42072,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Engineering History and Heritage","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42856706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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