{"title":"Knowledge, awareness, attitude and medication compliance in patients with hypertension","authors":"T. Verulava, Giorgi Mikiashvili","doi":"10.5603/AH.A2021.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/AH.A2021.0021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42110,"journal":{"name":"Arterial Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73906900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Mutlu, S. Efe, Í. Kocayiğit, Ahmet Öz, T. Karabağ
Background: Aortic knob width (AKW) is the measurement of the radiographic configuration composed of the foreshortened aortic arch and a part of the descending aorta. We investigated the relationship between the non-dipper pattern and AKW. Materials and methods: All patients’ office blood pressure measurements and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure readings were recorded. A blood pressure drop of less than 10% is defined as non-dipper blood pressure. The patients were grouped into Group 1; dipper pattern, (37 patients; 22F, and mean age 49.2±11.7 yrs) and Group 2; non-dipper pattern, (64 patients; 37F, and mean age 53.7±13.1 yrs). On posteroanterior chest radiography, the widest point of the aortic knob was measured along the straight imaginary line from the lateral edge of the trachea to the left lateral wall of the aortic arch. Results: AKW were significantly higher in Group 2 compared to group 1 (36.7±5.7 vs 30.7±4.5 mm, p<0.001). The mean daytime and nighttime systolic blood pressures, the mean night-time diastolic blood pressure levels, 24-hour mean blood pressure and mean pulse pressures were higher, percentage of nocturnal drops was significantly lower in Group 2 compared to Group 1. AKW was determined to be the parameter that was mostly related to the non-dipper pattern. A ROC analysis revealed that the area under the curve values for AKW values of non-dippers were 0.796 (95% CI:0.707–0.884, p< 0.001). Conclusion: AKW is significantly higher in non-dipper individuals compared to dippers. AKW values above 32.6 mm on the chest radiograph may be associated with nondipper pattern especially in hypertensive individuals. Key words: Aortic knob width, non dipper pattern, hypertension, chest radiography.
背景:主动脉旋钮宽度(Aortic knob width, AKW)是测量由缩短的主动脉弓和一部分降主动脉组成的x线形态。我们研究了非倾斗模式与AKW之间的关系。材料和方法:记录所有患者的办公室血压测量和24小时动态血压读数。血压下降小于10%被定义为非低血压。将患者分为第一组;斗型，37例;22F，平均年龄49.2±11.7岁)和第二组;非斗型，64例;平均年龄53.7±13.1岁)。在胸部后前方x线片上，沿着从气管外侧边缘到主动脉弓左侧壁的直线虚线测量主动脉旋钮的最宽点。结果:2组AKW明显高于1组(36.7±5.7 vs 30.7±4.5 mm, p<0.001)。2组患者白天和夜间平均收缩压、夜间平均舒张压、24小时平均血压和平均脉压均高于1组，夜间下降率明显低于1组。确定了AKW是与非倾角模式关系最密切的参数。ROC分析显示，非浸出者的AKW值曲线下面积为0.796 (95% CI: 0.707-0.884, p< 0.001)。结论:AKW在不使用勺子的人群中明显高于使用勺子的人群。胸片上AKW值高于32.6 mm可能与非杓型有关，特别是在高血压患者中。关键词:主动脉旋钮宽度，无倾型，高血压，胸片。
{"title":"Aortic knob width is associated with non-dipping blood pressure pattern","authors":"F. Mutlu, S. Efe, Í. Kocayiğit, Ahmet Öz, T. Karabağ","doi":"10.5603/AH.A2021.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/AH.A2021.0023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Aortic knob width (AKW) is the measurement of the radiographic configuration composed of the foreshortened aortic arch and a part of the descending aorta. We investigated the relationship between the non-dipper pattern and AKW. Materials and methods: All patients’ office blood pressure measurements and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure readings were recorded. A blood pressure drop of less than 10% is defined as non-dipper blood pressure. The patients were grouped into Group 1; dipper pattern, (37 patients; 22F, and mean age 49.2±11.7 yrs) and Group 2; non-dipper pattern, (64 patients; 37F, and mean age 53.7±13.1 yrs). On posteroanterior chest radiography, the widest point of the aortic knob was measured along the straight imaginary line from the lateral edge of the trachea to the left lateral wall of the aortic arch. Results: AKW were significantly higher in Group 2 compared to group 1 (36.7±5.7 vs 30.7±4.5 mm, p<0.001). The mean daytime and nighttime systolic blood pressures, the mean night-time diastolic blood pressure levels, 24-hour mean blood pressure and mean pulse pressures were higher, percentage of nocturnal drops was significantly lower in Group 2 compared to Group 1. AKW was determined to be the parameter that was mostly related to the non-dipper pattern. A ROC analysis revealed that the area under the curve values for AKW values of non-dippers were 0.796 (95% CI:0.707–0.884, p< 0.001). Conclusion: AKW is significantly higher in non-dipper individuals compared to dippers. AKW values above 32.6 mm on the chest radiograph may be associated with nondipper pattern especially in hypertensive individuals. Key words: Aortic knob width, non dipper pattern, hypertension, chest radiography.","PeriodicalId":42110,"journal":{"name":"Arterial Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81609484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The aim our study was to find factors affecting blood pressure in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and subclinical hypothyroidism (SH). Material and methods: 138 patients aged from 25 to 59 years were examined and divided into control group (n=30), euthyroid patients with AH (n=45) and patients with AH in combination with SH (n=63). The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, total hydroperoxide content, total antioxidant activity, total superoxide dismutase activity and sirtuin 1 were measured in addition to complete blood count and routine biochemical tests. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to test whether there was a significant difference between the independent and its dependent variables. Results: Fewer factors affected systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with AH and SH compared with euthyroid patients. These included age, waist circumference, insulin, triglycerides, very high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and TAA. The opposite results were found in relation to the increase in pulse pressure: significant effects of gender, hemoglobin, alkaline phosphatase were observed in patients with SH and only the level of ACT had a significant influence in euthyroid patients. Conclusions. Factors associated with the pressure and their overall number differed among patients with SH and AH compared with euthyroid patients with AH. Such results may be due to changes in anthropometric parameters, metabolic profile and oxidative status in patients with concomitant SH.
{"title":"Factors affecting blood pressure in patients with arterial hypertension and subclinical hypothyroidism","authors":"A. Radchenko, O. Kolesnikova","doi":"10.5603/AH.A2021.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/AH.A2021.0022","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim our study was to find factors affecting blood pressure in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and subclinical hypothyroidism (SH). \u0000Material and methods: 138 patients aged from 25 to 59 years were examined and divided into control group (n=30), euthyroid patients with AH (n=45) and patients with AH in combination with SH (n=63). The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, total hydroperoxide content, total antioxidant activity, total superoxide dismutase activity and sirtuin 1 were measured in addition to complete blood count and routine biochemical tests. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to test whether there was a significant difference between the independent and its dependent variables. \u0000Results: Fewer factors affected systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with AH and SH compared with euthyroid patients. These included age, waist circumference, insulin, triglycerides, very high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and TAA. The opposite results were found in relation to the increase in pulse pressure: significant effects of gender, hemoglobin, alkaline phosphatase were observed in patients with SH and only the level of ACT had a significant influence in euthyroid patients. \u0000Conclusions. Factors associated with the pressure and their overall number differed among patients with SH and AH compared with euthyroid patients with AH. Such results may be due to changes in anthropometric parameters, metabolic profile and oxidative status in patients with concomitant SH.","PeriodicalId":42110,"journal":{"name":"Arterial Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80848680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death worldwide and atherogenic dyslipidemia is an established risk factor for CVD. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the atherogenic indices and lipid ratios including atherogenic coefficient (AC), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), cholindex (CI), castelli risk index-1 (CRI-1), CRI-2, and non-HDL-C in women living in the Tabriz, Iran during April – May 2017. Material and Methods: Anthropometric measurements, fasting serum lipids, and blood pressure of 150 women aged 30-55 years in Tabriz, Iran was evaluated. The atherogenic indices were calculated by the established formulas. Results: The prevalence of high AIP, AC, CI, CRI-1, CRI-2 and non-HDL-C ratios were 64.5%, 36.2%, 20.4%, 77%, 7.2% and 44.7%, respectively. In the multiple-adjusted quantile regression analysis, significant relationships were found between CI ratio and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (B = 3.76, P = 0.035) and between CRI-2 ratio with DBP (B = 0.005, P = 0.042) and age (B = 0.005, P = 0.031). Conclusions: This study indicated that the majority of studied women had a high risk of CVD based on atherogenic indices. Further public health efforts are required to enhance awareness of women and healthcare providers about preventing and controlling CVD risk.
背景:心血管疾病(CVD)是世界范围内死亡的主要原因，动脉粥样硬化性血脂异常是CVD的一个确定的危险因素。本横断面研究旨在评估2017年4 - 5月居住在伊朗大不里士的妇女的动脉粥样硬化指数和脂质比率，包括动脉粥样硬化系数(AC)、血浆动脉粥样硬化指数(AIP)、胆碱指数(CI)、castelli风险指数-1 (CRI-1)、CRI-2和非hdl - c。材料和方法:对伊朗大不里士150名30-55岁妇女的人体测量、空腹血脂和血压进行评估。用建立的公式计算动脉粥样硬化指数。结果:AIP、AC、CI、CRI-1、CRI-2、非hdl - c高患病率分别为64.5%、36.2%、20.4%、77%、7.2%、44.7%。多重校正分位数回归分析发现，CI比与舒张压(DBP) (B = 3.76, P = 0.035)、CRI-2比与DBP (B = 0.005, P = 0.042)与年龄(B = 0.005, P = 0.031)存在显著相关。结论:这项研究表明，根据动脉粥样硬化指数，大多数被研究的女性患心血管疾病的风险很高。需要进一步的公共卫生努力，以提高妇女和保健提供者对预防和控制心血管疾病风险的认识。
{"title":"Assessment of atherogenic indices and lipid ratios in the apparently healthy women aged 30–55 years","authors":"R. M. Gol, M. Rafraf, M. Jafarabadi","doi":"10.5603/AH.A2021.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/AH.A2021.0020","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death worldwide and atherogenic dyslipidemia is an established risk factor for CVD. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the atherogenic indices and lipid ratios including atherogenic coefficient (AC), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), cholindex (CI), castelli risk index-1 (CRI-1), CRI-2, and non-HDL-C in women living in the Tabriz, Iran during April – May 2017. \u0000Material and Methods: Anthropometric measurements, fasting serum lipids, and blood pressure of 150 women aged 30-55 years in Tabriz, Iran was evaluated. The atherogenic indices were calculated by the established formulas. \u0000Results: The prevalence of high AIP, AC, CI, CRI-1, CRI-2 and non-HDL-C ratios were 64.5%, 36.2%, 20.4%, 77%, 7.2% and 44.7%, respectively. In the multiple-adjusted quantile regression analysis, significant relationships were found between CI ratio and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (B = 3.76, P = 0.035) and between CRI-2 ratio with DBP (B = 0.005, P = 0.042) and age (B = 0.005, P = 0.031). \u0000Conclusions: This study indicated that the majority of studied women had a high risk of CVD based on atherogenic indices. Further public health efforts are required to enhance awareness of women and healthcare providers about preventing and controlling CVD risk.","PeriodicalId":42110,"journal":{"name":"Arterial Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90306355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Zairi, M. A. Bejar, I. Mrad, K. Mzoughi, S. Kraiem
Introduction: During Ramadan, repeated cycles of fasting, associated with alterations in the daily patterns of sleep, activities and medication timing might contribute to changes in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate among hypertensive patients. Studies on the effects of fasting on blood pressure of hypertensive patients are rare, and have provided inconclusive results. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of medication timing during Ramadan on blood pressure and heart rate in hypertensive subjects taking their treatment once daily. Methods: The study prospectively recruited 44 hypertensive patients between April and June 2019, followed up at the cardiology department of Habib Thameur Hospital of Tunis. A 24-hour pressure monitoring was carried out during two periods: prior to Ramadan and during the last ten days of Ramadan. We compared the average values of 24 hour, awake and asleep systolic and diastolic blood pressure and 24 hour, awake and asleep heart rate. Results: We studied 29 women and 15 men, mean age was 58.7 years. 34% of the patients were diabetics, 46% dyslipidemics and 16% had coronaropathy. 46% of the patients were on monotherapy, 43% on dual therapy and 11% on a triple antihypertensive therapy. During Ramadan, 57% of the patients took their treatment during the dinner (group1), whereas 43% took their treatment during the Shour (group 2). Average 24hour blood pressure in the whole group was 129±18/74±10 mmHg before Ramadan and 129±19/74±10 mmHg during Ramadan (p > 0.05). Daytime and nighttime mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as mean values of heart rate were not different between both periods regardless of age and gender. However, during Ramadan, those who took their treatment after dinner had significant higher values of 24 hour systolic BP, awake systolic and diastolic BP, asleep systolic and diastolic BP than those who took their treatment with the shour (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In this study, there were no significant changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressures as well as heart rate during the 2 periods. However, during Ramadan, a slight superiority of taking the treatment with the shour is observed.
{"title":"Effect of intermittent fasting and chronotherapy on blood pressure control in hypertensive patients during Ramadan","authors":"I. Zairi, M. A. Bejar, I. Mrad, K. Mzoughi, S. Kraiem","doi":"10.5603/AH.A2021.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/AH.A2021.0019","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: During Ramadan, repeated cycles of fasting, associated with alterations in the daily patterns of sleep, activities and medication timing might contribute to changes in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate among hypertensive patients. Studies on the effects of fasting on blood pressure of hypertensive patients are rare, and have provided inconclusive results. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of medication timing during Ramadan on blood pressure and heart rate in hypertensive subjects taking their treatment once daily. Methods: The study prospectively recruited 44 hypertensive patients between April and June 2019, followed up at the cardiology department of Habib Thameur Hospital of Tunis. A 24-hour pressure monitoring was carried out during two periods: prior to Ramadan and during the last ten days of Ramadan. We compared the average values of 24 hour, awake and asleep systolic and diastolic blood pressure and 24 hour, awake and asleep heart rate. Results: We studied 29 women and 15 men, mean age was 58.7 years. 34% of the patients were diabetics, 46% dyslipidemics and 16% had coronaropathy. 46% of the patients were on monotherapy, 43% on dual therapy and 11% on a triple antihypertensive therapy. During Ramadan, 57% of the patients took their treatment during the dinner (group1), whereas 43% took their treatment during the Shour (group 2). Average 24hour blood pressure in the whole group was 129±18/74±10 mmHg before Ramadan and 129±19/74±10 mmHg during Ramadan (p > 0.05). Daytime and nighttime mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as mean values of heart rate were not different between both periods regardless of age and gender. However, during Ramadan, those who took their treatment after dinner had significant higher values of 24 hour systolic BP, awake systolic and diastolic BP, asleep systolic and diastolic BP than those who took their treatment with the shour (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In this study, there were no significant changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressures as well as heart rate during the 2 periods. However, during Ramadan, a slight superiority of taking the treatment with the shour is observed.","PeriodicalId":42110,"journal":{"name":"Arterial Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74362657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Hypertension and type 2 diabetes increase the risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. On the other hand, homozygous ACE deletion polymorphism (DD) has been associated with these two diseases and risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Aim To conduct a metanalysis of the association between ACE gene I/D polymorphism (DD, II and DI) and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Google Scholar for studies published between January 2020 and April 2021. We included case-control studies evaluating the association between ACE I/D and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients, were there was sufficient genotype or allele frequency data to calculate IRR (incidence rate ratio) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results 5 studies were included (mean age 58.5 years and 61% men), combining to a total of 786 patients. Three studies were conducted in Caucasians. Overall, patients who had homozygous co-dominance genotype DD were at 47% higher risk of severe COVID-19 compared with II or ID (IRR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.15-1.89; p=0.002). Conclusions The ACE DD genotype may confer a greater risk of severe COVID-19 in hospitalized patients. Further studies including more diverse ethnic groups are necessary to fully establish this association.
{"title":"ACE gene I/D polymorphism and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients: a meta-analysis","authors":"T. Oscanoa, X. Vidal, E. Coto, R. Romero-Ortuño","doi":"10.5603/AH.A2021.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/AH.A2021.0018","url":null,"abstract":"Background \u0000Hypertension and type 2 diabetes increase the risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. On the other hand, homozygous ACE deletion polymorphism (DD) has been associated with these two diseases and risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome. \u0000 \u0000Aim \u0000To conduct a metanalysis of the association between ACE gene I/D polymorphism (DD, II and DI) and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients. \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Google Scholar for studies published between January 2020 and April 2021. We included case-control studies evaluating the association between ACE I/D and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients, were there was sufficient genotype or allele frequency data to calculate IRR (incidence rate ratio) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). \u0000 \u0000Results \u00005 studies were included (mean age 58.5 years and 61% men), combining to a total of 786 patients. Three studies were conducted in Caucasians. Overall, patients who had homozygous co-dominance genotype DD were at 47% higher risk of severe COVID-19 compared with II or ID (IRR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.15-1.89; p=0.002). \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000The ACE DD genotype may confer a greater risk of severe COVID-19 in hospitalized patients. Further studies including more diverse ethnic groups are necessary to fully establish this association.","PeriodicalId":42110,"journal":{"name":"Arterial Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86364025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. Increasing age causes a physiological decline, and the occurrence of diseases cannot be avoided. One accompanying disease is hypertension, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, particularly for the elderly. Objectives. This study aimed to determine the dominant factors associated with hypertension in the elderly in Indonesia. Material and Methods. The research design was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey wave 5 in 2014. Hypertension category was determined based on the Joint National Committee 8 Hypertension Guidelines for individuals aged 60 years or older. Data of 1255 elderly individuals were analyzed using univariate analysis, as well as bivariate analysis with chi-squared test and multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression. Results. Results showed that the proportion of hypertension in the elderly was 55% (3% and 52% controlled and uncontrolled hypertension, respectively). Bivariate analysis results showed that body mass index, physical activity, current smoking, employment, and marital status were the factors related to hypertension (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis results showed that factors related to hypertension were body mass index (ORadj=2.4; 95% CI=1.812–3.186), employment (ORadj=1.6; 95%CI=1.248–2.047), marital status (ORadj=1.3; 95% CI=1.035–1.710) and current smoking (ORadj=0.7; 95% CI=0.599–0.998). Conclusions. The dominant factor related to hypertension was BMI after controlling for employment, marital status, and current smoking
{"title":"Overweight/obesity as the dominant factors associated with hypertension in the elderly in Indonesia","authors":"Jasrida Yunita, R. Sartika","doi":"10.5603/AH.A2021.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/AH.A2021.0017","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Increasing age causes a physiological decline, and the occurrence of diseases cannot be avoided. One accompanying disease is hypertension, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, particularly for the elderly. \u0000Objectives. This study aimed to determine the dominant factors associated with hypertension in the elderly in Indonesia. \u0000Material and Methods. The research design was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey wave 5 in 2014. Hypertension category was determined based on the Joint National Committee 8 Hypertension Guidelines for individuals aged 60 years or older. Data of 1255 elderly individuals were analyzed using univariate analysis, as well as bivariate analysis with chi-squared test and multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression. \u0000Results. Results showed that the proportion of hypertension in the elderly was 55% (3% and 52% controlled and uncontrolled hypertension, respectively). Bivariate analysis results showed that body mass index, physical activity, current smoking, employment, and marital status were the factors related to hypertension (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis results showed that factors related to hypertension were body mass index (ORadj=2.4; 95% CI=1.812–3.186), employment (ORadj=1.6; 95%CI=1.248–2.047), marital status (ORadj=1.3; 95% CI=1.035–1.710) and current smoking (ORadj=0.7; 95% CI=0.599–0.998). \u0000Conclusions. The dominant factor related to hypertension was BMI after controlling for employment, marital status, and current smoking","PeriodicalId":42110,"journal":{"name":"Arterial Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90218638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: While 25% of adult women in the world are hypertensive, the percentage of women, who cannot achieve blood pressure control despite taking medication, is 55.9 ± 1.5%. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and control rate of hypertension and to detect the factors affecting this situation in women in the 15-49 age group. Material and Methods: 700 women in the 15-49 age group were selected and a questionnaire was applied. Height, weight, and blood pressure were measured and spot urines were collected on the same day. 24-hour sodium excretion and daily salt intake were calculated using the Kawasaki method. Results: While 14.3% of the women were hypertensive, only 19% of them were able to achieve blood pressure control. Fifty eight percent of the hypertensive women use more than 15 g / day of salt and the estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion of these women was 311.6 ± 39.5 mmol / l. Hypertensive women using less than 5 g / day of salt were 0.3%. Salty foods consumed by the hypertensive women were pickles (55.6%), cheese (92.6%), olives (88.8%), vine leaves (71.6%), sujuk and Turkish pastrami (47.6%), and tomato paste (100%). Conclusions: In our study, participants were consuming large amounts of salt and there was a positive correlation between salt intake and blood pressure. Therefore, all efforts for sodium restriction are very important in the management of hypertension.
背景:世界上25%的成年女性患有高血压，而服用药物仍不能控制血压的女性比例为55.9±1.5%。本研究的目的是确定15-49岁年龄组女性高血压的患病率和控制率，并检测影响这种情况的因素。材料与方法:选取15 ~ 49岁女性700名，采用问卷调查法。当日测量身高、体重、血压，并采集点尿。采用川崎法计算24小时钠排泄量和每日盐摄入量。结果:14.3%的女性患有高血压，但只有19%的女性能够控制血压。58%的高血压女性食盐摄取量超过15g /天，这些女性24小时尿钠排泄量估计为311.6±39.5 mmol / l，食盐摄取量小于5 g /天的高血压女性为0.3%。高血压妇女食用的含盐食物为泡菜(55.6%)、奶酪(92.6%)、橄榄(88.8%)、藤叶(71.6%)、sujuk和土耳其熏牛肉(47.6%)和番茄酱(100%)。结论:在我们的研究中，参与者摄入了大量的盐，盐摄入量与血压之间存在正相关。因此，所有限制钠的努力在高血压的管理中是非常重要的。
{"title":"Factors affecting blood pressure control in women aged 15–49","authors":"S. Yavuz, S. Günal, T. Özkul","doi":"10.5603/AH.A2021.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/AH.A2021.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Background: While 25% of adult women in the world are hypertensive, the percentage of women, who cannot achieve blood pressure control despite taking medication, is 55.9 ± 1.5%. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and control rate of hypertension and to detect the factors affecting this situation in women in the 15-49 age group. Material and Methods: 700 women in the 15-49 age group were selected and a questionnaire was applied. Height, weight, and blood pressure were measured and spot urines were collected on the same day. 24-hour sodium excretion and daily salt intake were calculated using the Kawasaki method. Results: While 14.3% of the women were hypertensive, only 19% of them were able to achieve blood pressure control. Fifty eight percent of the hypertensive women use more than 15 g / day of salt and the estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion of these women was 311.6 ± 39.5 mmol / l. Hypertensive women using less than 5 g / day of salt were 0.3%. Salty foods consumed by the hypertensive women were pickles (55.6%), cheese (92.6%), olives (88.8%), vine leaves (71.6%), sujuk and Turkish pastrami (47.6%), and tomato paste (100%). Conclusions: In our study, participants were consuming large amounts of salt and there was a positive correlation between salt intake and blood pressure. Therefore, all efforts for sodium restriction are very important in the management of hypertension.","PeriodicalId":42110,"journal":{"name":"Arterial Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73452213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monika Romańczyk, S. Surma, Beata Kocyan, Karolina Klos, Wiktoria Strona, M. Krzystanek
Arterial hypertension is the most common cardiovascular risk factor in the general population. Increased mortality from arterial hypertension affects all ethnicities and ages, including those with mental disorders. Most people with arterial hypertension suffer from the primary form of the disease. The aim of this article was to analyze the influence of psychiatric drugs on blood pressure. The articles for analysis were selected via the PubMed search engine in the Medline database using the names of individual drugs or a group of psychotropic drugs, the AND operator and the words "hypertension" or "blood pressure" or "cardiovascular system". The articles were then selected and 36 references were selected for analysis. Selected articles were archived on December 24, 2020. Many medications with the potential to increase blood pressure are used to treat mental illness. These include venlafaxine, milnacipran, bupropion, esketamine, 1st and 2nd generation antipsychotics, tricyclic antidepressants and psychostimulants. In patients using psychotropic drugs that may increase blood pressure, attention should be paid to monitoring it during treatment.
{"title":"The risk of a blood pressure increase during treatment with selected psychotropic drugs","authors":"Monika Romańczyk, S. Surma, Beata Kocyan, Karolina Klos, Wiktoria Strona, M. Krzystanek","doi":"10.5603/AH.A2021.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/AH.A2021.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Arterial hypertension is the most common cardiovascular risk factor in the general population. Increased mortality from arterial hypertension affects all ethnicities and ages, including those with mental disorders. Most people with arterial hypertension suffer from the primary form of the disease. The aim of this article was to analyze the influence of psychiatric drugs on blood pressure. \u0000The articles for analysis were selected via the PubMed search engine in the Medline database using the names of individual drugs or a group of psychotropic drugs, the AND operator and the words \"hypertension\" or \"blood pressure\" or \"cardiovascular system\". The articles were then selected and 36 references were selected for analysis. Selected articles were archived on December 24, 2020. \u0000Many medications with the potential to increase blood pressure are used to treat mental illness. These include venlafaxine, milnacipran, bupropion, esketamine, 1st and 2nd generation antipsychotics, tricyclic antidepressants and psychostimulants. \u0000In patients using psychotropic drugs that may increase blood pressure, attention should be paid to monitoring it during treatment.","PeriodicalId":42110,"journal":{"name":"Arterial Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89293212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite many organizational and medical efforts, the COVID-19 epidemic continues and is taking a lethal toll. Preliminary reports have already reported that the mortality associated with this disease is much higher in people with comorbidities, including hypertension. SARS-CoV-2 virus enters the body through the receptor which is the angiotensin converting enzyme 2. The administration of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or sartans increases the activity of this enzyme. Therefore, there was a suspicion that patients treated with these preparations become more easily infected, and the infection itself is more severe and is associated with greater mortality. On the other hand, the ACE2 enzyme is known to reduce the risk of lung damage. The paper presents current reports describing the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in patients with hypertension, the course of infection and the effect of administration of ACE inhibitors and sartans on the mortality of these patients. The presented data indicate that the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and sartans in patients with COVID-19 does not worsen the course of the disease, and according to some authors this treatment even reduces the mortality of this infection.
{"title":"Why not change the therapy of hypertension in patients with COVID-19. Dual role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2","authors":"T. Kosicka, J. Głuszek","doi":"10.5603/AH.A2021.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/AH.A2021.0014","url":null,"abstract":"Despite many organizational and medical efforts, the COVID-19 epidemic continues and is taking a lethal toll. Preliminary reports have already reported that the mortality associated with this disease is much higher in people with comorbidities, including hypertension. SARS-CoV-2 virus enters the body through the receptor which is the angiotensin converting enzyme 2. The administration of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or sartans increases the activity of this enzyme. Therefore, there was a suspicion that patients treated with these preparations become more easily infected, and the infection itself is more severe and is associated with greater mortality. On the other hand, the ACE2 enzyme is known to reduce the risk of lung damage. The paper presents current reports describing the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in patients with hypertension, the course of infection and the effect of administration of ACE inhibitors and sartans on the mortality of these patients. The presented data indicate that the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and sartans in patients with COVID-19 does not worsen the course of the disease, and according to some authors this treatment even reduces the mortality of this infection.","PeriodicalId":42110,"journal":{"name":"Arterial Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74736959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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