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Planning for sustainable livelihood development in the context of rural South Africa: A micro-level approach 南非农村可持续生计发展规划:微观层面的方法
IF 0.5 Q4 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2020-07-06 DOI: 10.18820/2415-0495/trp76i1.2
M. Gibbens, C. Schoeman
In South Africa, different spheres of government (national, provincial and municipal) have different responsibilities with respect to rural planning and development. Rural development strategies, however, are predominately developed by national and provincial government (centralised planning) such as, for example, the 2009 Comprehensive Rural Development Programme (CRDP) and the 2018 draft National Spatial Development Framework (NSDF). These efforts from different spheres of the South African government are nevertheless still not having the desired effect in the development of sustainable rural livelihoods, according to the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform, similar to policies and efforts to implement them elsewhere in Africa. In addition to the appropriate planning and implementation scale, the spatial dimension of rural livelihood within the South African context also requires a specific understanding of the extreme differentiation of areas within ‘rural South Africa’. Research regarding the impact of planning at village level (micro-level), as presented in this article, may provide valuable insights for realising sustainable rural livelihoods. This article aims, through an analysis of relevant literature, to examine the sustainable development discourse, in general, while addressing sustainable rural livelihoods and micro-level planning, in particular. The main research question concerns the way in which micro-level planning can contribute to ensuring sustainable rural livelihoods in South Africa. The article also discusses the complexity of ‘rural’ space and its understanding in the development planning framework of South Africa, providing the spatial context for sustainable rural livelihoods. Examples of micro-level planning approaches in Africa and South Africa are discussed to elucidate their applicability to sustainable rural livelihood development in South Africa. In conclusion, the analysis reveals that, while centralist policies are pursued in South Africa to support sustainable rural development, the actual realisation of sustainable rural livelihoods may well require micro-level development planning strategies. The implication for academics, planning professionals and politicians is that the support and development of micro-level sustainable rural livelihood planning should be pursued to attain the goals of the National Development Plan (2012) of eliminating poverty and to encourage citizens to be active in their own development.
在南非,不同的政府部门(国家、省和市)在农村规划和发展方面负有不同的责任。然而,农村发展战略主要由国家和省政府制定(集中规划),例如2009年农村综合发展计划和2018年国家空间发展框架草案。然而,根据农村发展和土地改革部的说法,南非政府不同领域的这些努力在发展可持续农村生计方面仍未产生预期效果,类似于非洲其他地方实施这些政策和努力。除了适当的规划和实施规模外,南非背景下农村生计的空间维度还需要具体了解“南非农村”地区的极端差异。如本文所述,关于村级(微观层面)规划影响的研究可能为实现可持续的农村生计提供有价值的见解。本文旨在通过对相关文献的分析,审视可持续发展的总体论述,同时特别关注可持续农村生计和微观规划。主要研究问题涉及微观规划如何有助于确保南非农村可持续生计。文章还讨论了“农村”空间的复杂性及其在南非发展规划框架中的理解,为可持续的农村生计提供了空间背景。讨论了非洲和南非微观层面规划方法的例子,以阐明其对南非可持续农村生计发展的适用性。总之,分析表明,尽管南非推行中央集权政策以支持可持续农村发展,但实际实现可持续农村生计很可能需要微观层面的发展规划战略。对学者、规划专业人员和政治家来说,这意味着应该支持和发展微观层面的可持续农村生计规划,以实现《国家发展计划》(2012年)中消除贫困的目标,并鼓励公民积极参与自己的发展。
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引用次数: 4
A futures study into identifying the driving forces in neighborhood-based management using good urban governance, the case of Region 2 in Tabriz, Iran 利用良好城市治理确定社区管理驱动力的未来研究,以伊朗大不里士2区为例
IF 0.5 Q4 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2020-06-29 DOI: 10.18820/2415-0495/trp76i1.6
Seyedeh-Samira Shafiee-Masuleh, Seyed Reza Shafiee Masouleh, Marzieh Rastad Borujeni
This article investigates the use of futures studies to predict the implemention of a new approach to neighbourhood-based management, emphasising good urban governance components in the planning and management of the Tabriz metropolis, Iran. Using a qualititative approach, the Delphi technique, comprising two rounds, was used to identify the initial and key factors that affect the realisation of neighbourhoodbased management. Using questionnaires, in Round 1, participants answered one question on what they predict the key factors for good urban governance are and, in Round 2, they weighted the 48 identified initial factors from Round 1 in a matrix, on an 4-point Likert scale, to determine the influence on each factor. Cross-impact analysis of the influence data were extracted by MICMAC software and results showed 17 driving forces (eight in accountability, five in equity, two in transparency and one in participation) that will predict the realisation of good neighbourhood-based management in the planning and management of the Tabriz metropolis. Findings showed that futures studies can be used as a new approach to accurately identify the driving forces for good urban governance with the realistic use of the capabilities of the community.
本文调查了使用未来研究来预测社区管理新方法的实施情况,强调了伊朗大不里士大都市规划和管理中良好的城市治理组成部分。使用定性方法,德尔菲技术,包括两轮,用于确定影响实现基于社区的管理的最初和关键因素。在第一轮中,参与者使用问卷回答了一个问题,即他们预测良好城市治理的关键因素是什么。在第二轮中,他们在4点Likert量表的矩阵中对第一轮中确定的48个初始因素进行加权,以确定对每个因素的影响。MICMAC软件提取了影响数据的交叉影响分析,结果显示,17种驱动力(8种是问责制,5种是公平性,2种是透明度,1种是参与性)将预测在大不里士大都市的规划和管理中实现良好的邻里管理。研究结果表明,未来研究可以作为一种新的方法,通过现实地利用社区的能力,准确地确定良好城市治理的驱动力。
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引用次数: 0
Politics and community-based research: Perspectives from Yeoville Studio, Johannesburg 政治与社区研究:来自约翰内斯堡约维尔工作室的观点
IF 0.5 Q4 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2020-06-29 DOI: 10.18820/2415-0495/trp76i1.8
Selna Cornelius
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引用次数: 0
Brownfield development is the new green for sustainable mine-dump redevelopment 棕地开发是可持续排土场再开发的新绿色
IF 0.5 Q4 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2020-06-29 DOI: 10.18820/2415-0495/trp76i1.4
Tersia Venter
Rapid urbanisation, industrialisation and globalisation created a legacy of derelict and vacant mine dumps in the South African Gauteng province urban landscape that is viewed as an environmental problem rather than a development opportunity towards effective sustainable development. The article entails a systematic analysis of greenfield and brownfield development attributes, evaluated in terms of sustainable development target indicators, in order to determine which development category best contributes to sustainable development. A qualitative research method was applied using a combination of interviews, case studies and literature reviews. Based on content analysis and coding, the thematic analysis results confirm that the long-term sustainability benefits of brownfield developments outweigh the short-term financial gains of greenfield developments. Recommendations, including establishing partnerships and funding models, identifying and defining development strategies for brownfield sites as well as implementing and enforcing legislation, could contribute towards realising sustainable, resilient, safe and inclusive human settlements on vacant mine dumps.
快速的城市化、工业化和全球化在南非豪登省的城市景观中留下了废弃和空置的矿场,这被视为一个环境问题,而不是实现有效可持续发展的发展机会。本文对绿地和棕地开发属性进行了系统分析,并根据可持续发展目标指标进行了评估,以确定哪种开发类别对可持续发展最有贡献。采用访谈、案例研究和文献综述相结合的定性研究方法。基于内容分析和编码,主题分析结果证实,棕地开发的长期可持续性收益大于绿地开发的短期财务收益。建议,包括建立伙伴关系和资金模式,确定和确定棕地的发展战略,以及实施和执行立法,可以有助于在空置的矿场上实现可持续、有弹性、安全和包容性的人类住区。
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引用次数: 0
Redakteursbrief/Editoral/Lengolo la phatlalatso 社论/Lengolo la phatlalatso
IF 0.5 Q4 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2020-06-29 DOI: 10.18820/2415-0495/TRP76I1.EDITORIAL
D. Steyn
In die filosofie is van die basis vrae altyd wat is die mens en wat is sy verantwoordelikheid. In beplanning is daar aanvanklik gedink dat daar net met feite gewerk word op 'n wetenskaplike manier. Die rasionele mens sou tog alle probleme kon oplos. Klosterman skryf in 1978 'n artikel getiteld "The foundations of normative planning" en verduidelik dat alle denke deur waardes bepaal word. Beplanning word nie deur feite oorheers nie maar deur politieke besluite wat bepaal wie kry wat, wanneer, waar en hoe.In the world of philosophy some of the basic questions are what is man and what is his purpose in life? In planning it was apparently thought that planners work with facts and the scientific method. It was thought that rational man would be able to solve all problems. In 1978 Klosterman wrote an article entitled "The foundations of normative planning" stating that it is not rationality but values that determine planning. Politics decides who gets what, when, where and how.Lefatsheng la filosofi dipotso tse ding tsa motheo ke hore na monna ke keng mme ebile sepheo sa hae ke sefe? Ditabeng tsa moralo ho ne ho bonahala le ho nahanwa hore baradi ba sebetsa ka dintlha le ka mokgwa wa mahlalehlale. Ho ne ho nahanwa hore monna feela a ka kgona ho rarolla mathata ohle. Ka selemo sa 1978 monghadi Klosterman o ilel a ngola ditaba tsena: "Metheo ya Moralo wa Maikutlo" ("The foundations of normative planning") moo a bolelang hore ha se ntho ya maikutlo a itseng, empa e le maemo a phahameng a hlahisang moralo. Ke dipolotiki tse etsang qeto hore na o fumana eng, neng, kae le ka mokgwa ofe.
在这个故事中,范是一个忠实的人,他是一个勇敢的人。在规划过程中,网络上的数据会被认为是一个类似于网络的单词。所有的问题都会在手术中解决。Klosterman skryf在1978年发表了《规范性规划的基础》一书,该书的标题是“规范性规划”。计划中的两个词都是政治上的两个字。在哲学世界里,一些基本问题是什么是人,他的人生目标是什么?在规划中,人们显然认为规划者是根据事实和科学方法进行工作的。人们认为理性的人能够解决一切问题。1978年,Klosterman写了一篇题为《规范规划的基础》的文章,指出决定规划的不是理性,而是价值观。政治决定了谁得到什么、何时、何地以及如何得到。Lefatsheng la filosofi diotso tse ding tsa motheo ke hore na monna ke keng mme ebile sepheo sae sefe?迪塔本是一个很好的朋友,他是一个非常好的朋友。我觉得我是一个了不起的人。Ka selemo sa 1978 monghadi Klosterman o ilel a ngola ditaba tsena:“Metheo ya Moralo wa Maikutlo”(“规范规划的基础”)moo a bolelang hore ha se ntho ya Maikutlo a itseng,empa e le maemo a phahameng a hlahisang Moralo。这是一个很好的例子。
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引用次数: 0
Examining women’s access to rural land in UMnini Trust traditional area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa 考察南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省乌米尼信托传统地区妇女获得农村土地的机会
IF 0.5 Q4 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2019-12-11 DOI: 10.18820/2415-0495/trp75i1.5
N. Khuzwayo, L. Chipungu, H. Magidimisha, M. Lewis
This article examines land tenure reform in South Africa with a focus on women in the rural areas of KwaZulu-Natal. Using the case study of UMnini Trust Traditional Area, it critically analyses the extent to which current land reform programmes address gender disparities – especially equal access to land and secure land rights by women. In order to provide an insight into this issue, this study used both secondary and primary data sources. The major findings emanating from this study suggest that land remains an emotive issue in rural South Africa, especially among women who are side-lined by government intervention measures. Previous policies and legislations that purposefully neglected and isolated women as beneficiaries of any developmental initiatives are still very much entrenched in contemporary society. The article concludes by recommending for redesigning as well as implementing policies and legislations that are accommodative of women’s plight as far as access to land and security of tenure is concerned.
本文考察了南非的土地保有制度改革,重点关注夸祖鲁-纳塔尔农村地区的妇女。它利用UMnini信托传统地区的案例研究,批判性地分析了当前土地改革方案在多大程度上解决了性别差异,特别是妇女平等获得土地和保障土地权利。为了深入了解这一问题,本研究使用了次要和主要数据源。这项研究的主要发现表明,在南非农村,土地仍然是一个情绪化的问题,尤其是在那些支持政府干预措施的妇女中。以往有意忽视和孤立妇女作为任何发展举措受益者的政策和立法在当代社会中仍然根深蒂固。文章最后建议重新设计和执行在获得土地和保有权保障方面照顾妇女困境的政策和立法。
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引用次数: 1
Land reform in South Africa - Commentary by the Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development: Branch Spatial Planning and Land Use Management 南非土地改革——农业、土地改革和农村发展部评论:空间规划和土地利用管理处
IF 0.5 Q4 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2019-12-11 DOI: 10.18820/2415-0495/trp75i1.1
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引用次数: 0
Urban land reform in South Africa: Pointers for urban policy and planning 南非的城市土地改革:城市政策和规划的指针
IF 0.5 Q4 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2019-12-11 DOI: 10.18820/2415-0495/trp75i1.10
M. Huchzermeyer, Philip Harrison, S. Charlton, Neil Klug, Margot Rubin, A. Todes
Urban and reform is a relatively under-researched and -considered element of the broader land-reform debate. This article reviews some of the key positions that have been explicated in the current urban land-reform debate, and seeks to extend existing contributions, fine-tune them and push the debate further. It does so by distinguishing the features of urban land, and considers these and their implications for the meaning of land reform. It also reviews the recently achieved, national policy consensus on urban development and planning, and concludes with suggestions on how to proceed with urban land reform.
在更广泛的土地改革辩论中,城市和改革是一个研究和考虑相对不足的因素。本文回顾了当前城市土地改革辩论中阐述的一些关键立场,并试图扩大现有的贡献,对其进行微调,进一步推动辩论。它通过区分城市土地的特征来做到这一点,并考虑这些特征及其对土地改革意义的影响。它还回顾了最近在城市发展和规划方面达成的国家政策共识,并就如何进行城市土地改革提出了建议。
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引用次数: 4
Reflections on expropriation-based land reform in Southern Africa 关于南部非洲土地征收改革的思考
IF 0.5 Q4 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2019-12-11 DOI: 10.18820/2415-0495/trp75i1.7
Anele Mthembu
The South African media mainly reports on the division that the land debate is creating in the country, with some fearing that South Africa could be the next Zimbabwe and others anticipating a long-awaited new dawn. The land debate in South Africa is thus ongoing. However, the implications that may affect the country have not been pursued in great detail. South Africa may learn lessons from other Southern African countries, namely Zimbabwe and Namibia, that had similar land processes. Making use of a semi-systematic literature review, the article considers land redistribution in South Africa, Zimbabwe and Namibia through content analysis, by analysing land in terms of transition to democracy/transition to independence; land reform, and expropriation land reform, in order to reflect on the implications that expropriation-based land reform has had in these countries. The article considers the lessons learnt from Zimbabwe that have raised concerns by those who are against land expropriation without compensation, and those who believe that it will not result in a new dawn for the country. However, the 2019 Draft Expropriation Bill contextualises land expropriation and compensation in South Africa that is aligned with the Property Clause of the Constitution. Hence, the evaluation of South African legislation that accommodates expropriation-based land reform and planning legislation that could be utilised to address the land issue and spatial inequality. This highlights that proper legislation and effective spatial planning can be considered, in order to address land reform in South Africa.
南非媒体主要报道了土地辩论在该国造成的分裂,一些人担心南非可能成为下一个津巴布韦,另一些人则期待着期待已久的新曙光。因此,南非的土地辩论正在进行中。然而,可能影响该国的影响尚未得到详细探讨。南非可以从其他有类似土地进程的南部非洲国家,即津巴布韦和纳米比亚吸取教训。本文利用半系统的文献综述,通过内容分析,从向民主过渡/向独立过渡的角度分析了南非、津巴布韦和纳米比亚的土地再分配;土地改革和征收土地改革,以反思基于征收的土地改革在这些国家产生的影响。这篇文章考虑了从津巴布韦吸取的教训,这些教训引起了那些反对无偿征用土地的人和那些认为这不会给国家带来新曙光的人的担忧。然而,2019年《征用法案草案》将南非的土地征用和补偿纳入了背景,这与《宪法》的财产条款相一致。因此,对南非立法进行了评估,该立法涵盖了可用于解决土地问题和空间不平等的基于征用的土地改革和规划立法。这突出表明,可以考虑适当的立法和有效的空间规划,以解决南非的土地改革问题。
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引用次数: 1
Different values lead to alternative approaches to the land debate in South Africa 不同的价值观导致南非土地辩论的不同方法
IF 0.5 Q4 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2019-12-11 DOI: 10.18820/2415-0495/trp75i1.11
Das Steÿn
In South Africa, two traditional cultures, namely the African and the European cultures, meet, each with its own historical view on what land is and how to govern it. This situation is complicated by modernist ideological thinking represented by capitalism and communism. Goudappel’s urbanistic concept1 is used to show how ideological thinking influences theory and practice when contemplating the land issue. This answer is not a single approach, but a multiple view on land which allows for different regions, each with its own solution coupled with its cultural background, in order for all the different peoples in this country to have a place in the sun. Therefore, this article gives a theoretical explanation that there are different value systems that influence the approach to possible solutions of the land issue in South Africa.
在南非,两种传统文化,即非洲文化和欧洲文化相遇,各自对什么是土地以及如何治理土地有着自己的历史观点,这种情况因以资本主义和共产主义为代表的现代主义思想而变得复杂。Goudapel的城市化概念1用于展示在思考土地问题时,意识形态思维如何影响理论和实践。这个答案不是单一的方法,而是对土地的多重看法,允许不同的地区,每个地区都有自己的解决方案和文化背景,以便这个国家的所有不同民族都能在阳光下占有一席之地。因此,本文从理论上解释了存在不同的价值体系影响南非土地问题可能解决方案的方法。
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引用次数: 0
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Town and Regional Planning
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