Pub Date : 2019-12-11DOI: 10.18820/2415-0495/trp75i1.8
E. Munshifwa
Informal settlements often emerge, due to rapid urbanisation or failure of urban systems, with negative resultant effects. Such settlements are viewed as a blight to the beauty and order of modern cities, attracting demolition threats from local authorities. Despite the use of force through demolitions and evictions, a number of these settlements have grown to a point where many have attracted upgrading initiatives rather than demolition. Hence, they have become permanent features of the vast majority of cities in the Global South. This study poses the question: How do these settlements transcend serious threats to their existence and still consolidate and grow? The study found that the answer lies in their adaptive resistance capacity. As settlements resist eviction, they also adapt rules from formal systems, in order to minimise their negative image. As a result, with time, conditions improve within the settlements. The study used Mindolo North informal settlement in the city of Kitwe as a case study to examine mechanisms through which informal settlements emerge, consolidate and grow.
{"title":"Adaptive resistance amidst planning and administrative failure: The story of an informal settlement in the city of Kitwe, Zambia","authors":"E. Munshifwa","doi":"10.18820/2415-0495/trp75i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18820/2415-0495/trp75i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Informal settlements often emerge, due to rapid urbanisation or failure of urban systems, with negative resultant effects. Such settlements are viewed as a blight to the beauty and order of modern cities, attracting demolition threats from local authorities. Despite the use of force through demolitions and evictions, a number of these settlements have grown to a point where many have attracted upgrading initiatives rather than demolition. Hence, they have become permanent features of the vast majority of cities in the Global South. This study poses the question: How do these settlements transcend serious threats to their existence and still consolidate and grow? The study found that the answer lies in their adaptive resistance capacity. As settlements resist eviction, they also adapt rules from formal systems, in order to minimise their negative image. As a result, with time, conditions improve within the settlements. The study used Mindolo North informal settlement in the city of Kitwe as a case study to examine mechanisms through which informal settlements emerge, consolidate and grow.","PeriodicalId":42151,"journal":{"name":"Town and Regional Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43079280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-11DOI: 10.18820/2415-0495/trp75i1.9
Edwin Wamukaya, M. Mbathi
Scholarly research on land delivery processes and land tenure dynamics in the context of accelerated urbanization and massive rural-urban land use conversion in sub-Saharan African cities remains limited, especially in Kenya. Kisumu city, Kenya’s third largest urban agglomeration, is currently experiencing spontaneous growth and uncontrolled outward expansions of urban development from the urban centre. This is taking place in the peri-urban areas and rural hinterland, where urban-based actors, under the pressure and anticipation of urbanization, undertake land transactions, land tenure conversions, and land development. Making use of three case studies that represent contrasting phases of settlement formation (incipient, intermediate, and consolidated), this article attempts to provide knowledge, particularly on the relationship between the land delivery processes, land tenure dynamics, and the role of various actors involved in the context of land development. The results indicate that the current trend with regard to landholding in the case study areas was a gradual shift from community control to individualisation. There is a need to integrate both customary and public authority’s efforts towards orderly urban development. This study thus advocates for partnerships between the municipal authority and neo-customary/customary actors and, where appropriate, uses their creativity in solving problems to adapt municipal by-laws and procedures.
{"title":"Customary system as ‘constraint’ or ‘enabler’ to peri-urban land development: Case of Kisumu city, Kenya","authors":"Edwin Wamukaya, M. Mbathi","doi":"10.18820/2415-0495/trp75i1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18820/2415-0495/trp75i1.9","url":null,"abstract":"Scholarly research on land delivery processes and land tenure dynamics in the context of accelerated urbanization and massive rural-urban land use conversion in sub-Saharan African cities remains limited, especially in Kenya. Kisumu city, Kenya’s third largest urban agglomeration, is currently experiencing spontaneous growth and uncontrolled outward expansions of urban development from the urban centre. This is taking place in the peri-urban areas and rural hinterland, where urban-based actors, under the pressure and anticipation of urbanization, undertake land transactions, land tenure conversions, and land development. Making use of three case studies that represent contrasting phases of settlement formation (incipient, intermediate, and consolidated), this article attempts to provide knowledge, particularly on the relationship between the land delivery processes, land tenure dynamics, and the role of various actors involved in the context of land development. The results indicate that the current trend with regard to landholding in the case study areas was a gradual shift from community control to individualisation. There is a need to integrate both customary and public authority’s efforts towards orderly urban development. This study thus advocates for partnerships between the municipal authority and neo-customary/customary actors and, where appropriate, uses their creativity in solving problems to adapt municipal by-laws and procedures.","PeriodicalId":42151,"journal":{"name":"Town and Regional Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45374036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-11DOI: 10.18820/2415-0495/trp75i1.2
N. Molefe, Seana Nkhahle
At its 2016 National Conference, the South African Local Government Association (SALGA) resolved “to assist municipalities to facilitate spatial transformation and inclusive economic growth through the adoption of efficient approaches to urban land acquisition and release” (SALGA, 2016). At the 2018 National Member’s Assembly, SALGA made 8 resolutions that are a direct response to the long-outstanding urban land reform question that the country has been battling to address (SALGA, 2018). SALGA’s proposals on urban land governance and management approaches will enable municipalities to proactively negotiate better development outcomes.
{"title":"Municipal urban land release and acquisition – SALGA’s proposals to facilitate spatial transformation and inclusive economic growth through efficient urban land governance and management approaches","authors":"N. Molefe, Seana Nkhahle","doi":"10.18820/2415-0495/trp75i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18820/2415-0495/trp75i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"At its 2016 National Conference, the South African Local Government Association (SALGA) resolved “to assist municipalities to facilitate spatial transformation and inclusive economic growth through the adoption of efficient approaches to urban land acquisition and release” (SALGA, 2016). At the 2018 National Member’s Assembly, SALGA made 8 resolutions that are a direct response to the long-outstanding urban land reform question that the country has been battling to address (SALGA, 2018). SALGA’s proposals on urban land governance and management approaches will enable municipalities to proactively negotiate better development outcomes.","PeriodicalId":42151,"journal":{"name":"Town and Regional Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43061696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-12DOI: 10.18820/2415-0495/TRP74I1.5
T. Muzorewa, Mark Nyandoro
This article qualitatively analyses the role of private land developer companies’ investment in postcolonial Zimbabwe’s urban development, with special reference to Ruwa Town. This sprawling town is outstanding for involving private land developers in its growth and expansion. All postcolonial established towns had emerged out of Government’s direct investment through the Growth Point policy. By contrast, Ruwa was peculiar, because it developed from a public-private partnership approach. The article argues that, in the absence of State financial capacity in the postcolonial era, developer companies played a crucial role in infrastructure development and facilitation of public amenities. Although the companies were important in spearheading the growth of the town, they sometimes failed to meet certain standards of quality in urban infrastructure development required by town planning authorities. Despite this shortcoming, the article finds that the companies were essentially the most appropriate vehicles of urban development in times of economic crisis in the country.
{"title":"Investment by private land developer companies and postcolonial urban growth in Ruwa (Zimbabwe), 1986-2015","authors":"T. Muzorewa, Mark Nyandoro","doi":"10.18820/2415-0495/TRP74I1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18820/2415-0495/TRP74I1.5","url":null,"abstract":"This article qualitatively analyses the role of private land developer companies’ investment in postcolonial Zimbabwe’s urban development, with special reference to Ruwa Town. This sprawling town is outstanding for involving private land developers in its growth and expansion. All postcolonial established towns had emerged out of Government’s direct investment through the Growth Point policy. By contrast, Ruwa was peculiar, because it developed from a public-private partnership approach. The article argues that, in the absence of State financial capacity in the postcolonial era, developer companies played a crucial role in infrastructure development and facilitation of public amenities. Although the companies were important in spearheading the growth of the town, they sometimes failed to meet certain standards of quality in urban infrastructure development required by town planning authorities. Despite this shortcoming, the article finds that the companies were essentially the most appropriate vehicles of urban development in times of economic crisis in the country.","PeriodicalId":42151,"journal":{"name":"Town and Regional Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43555019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-12DOI: 10.18820/2415-0495/TRP74I1.1
S. Denoon-Stevens, Kgosi Mocwagae
This article explores how universities can contribute to the economy of the area within which they are situated, focusing on the University of the Free State QwaQwa campus. This topic was investigated by analysing the local economy within which the QwaQwa campus is located, a spatial analysis of the campus itself, and interviews with local business owners. First, the article demonstrates how an analysis of the local economy could assist in aligning the university offerings with the dynamics of the local area. It specifically argues for a focus on agricultural and wider commerce-related course offerings. Secondly, an argument is made for leasing or developing the vacant land on campus for non-university-related functions such as middle-income housing or a lowto medium-fee private school. The purpose of such an initiative would be to cross-subsidize the development costs of expanding and improving the QwaQwa campus. Thirdly, through interviews with local business owners, various arguments are made for how the university could better engage with local businesses. These ranged from providing training, disseminating research, increased procurement, and making space for local businesses on campus. Through these arguments, a narrative shows that part of being an engaged university is being aware of, and responding to the needs of the economy within which a campus is located.
{"title":"The potential of the University of the Free State QwaQwa campus to enable growth of the economy of QwaQwa","authors":"S. Denoon-Stevens, Kgosi Mocwagae","doi":"10.18820/2415-0495/TRP74I1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18820/2415-0495/TRP74I1.1","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores how universities can contribute to the economy of the area within which they are situated, focusing on the University of the Free State QwaQwa campus. This topic was investigated by analysing the local economy within which the QwaQwa campus is located, a spatial analysis of the campus itself, and interviews with local business owners. First, the article demonstrates how an analysis of the local economy could assist in aligning the university offerings with the dynamics of the local area. It specifically argues for a focus on agricultural and wider commerce-related course offerings. Secondly, an argument is made for leasing or developing the vacant land on campus for non-university-related functions such as middle-income housing or a lowto medium-fee private school. The purpose of such an initiative would be to cross-subsidize the development costs of expanding and improving the QwaQwa campus. Thirdly, through interviews with local business owners, various arguments are made for how the university could better engage with local businesses. These ranged from providing training, disseminating research, increased procurement, and making space for local businesses on campus. Through these arguments, a narrative shows that part of being an engaged university is being aware of, and responding to the needs of the economy within which a campus is located.","PeriodicalId":42151,"journal":{"name":"Town and Regional Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46427220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-12DOI: 10.18820/2415-0495/TRP74I1.4
R. Hansmann
{"title":"Specialised airport infrastructure to support connectivity: The case of Dube Tradeport, eThekwini Municipality, South Africa","authors":"R. Hansmann","doi":"10.18820/2415-0495/TRP74I1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18820/2415-0495/TRP74I1.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42151,"journal":{"name":"Town and Regional Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45908830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-12DOI: 10.18820/2415-0495/TRP74I1.7
J. Cilliers
{"title":"Mining and community in South Africa: From small town to iron town.Editors: Lochner Marais, Philippe Burger and Deidre van Rooyen.","authors":"J. Cilliers","doi":"10.18820/2415-0495/TRP74I1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18820/2415-0495/TRP74I1.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42151,"journal":{"name":"Town and Regional Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45887655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-12DOI: 10.18820/2415-0495/TRP74I1.6
L. Lategan, J. Cilliers
Social sustainability is a significant field of research in post-apartheid South Africa, given the challenges and inequalities faced, evidenced in urban landscapes where millions reside in informal settlements and informal backyard rental accommodation. This article investigates the informal backyard rental phenomenon in South Africa through a social sustainability lens, focusing on a case study in Bridgton and Bongolethu, Oudtshoorn. Qualitative and quantitative research findings unveil several features in support of social sustainability framed by familial connections between landlords and backyard tenants. The article also uncovers certain challenges presented by informal backyard rentals and social sustainability, predominantly related to the quality of structures and certain social concerns. In its totality, the article provides a contextualised perspective on social sustainability in the informal backyard rental sector and provides the planning community and other decision makers with a more nuanced understanding of the complexities and potentials that may underpin it in small town South Africa and beyond.
{"title":"Informal backyard rentals through a social sustainability lens – a case study in Oudtshoorn, South Africa","authors":"L. Lategan, J. Cilliers","doi":"10.18820/2415-0495/TRP74I1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18820/2415-0495/TRP74I1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Social sustainability is a significant field of research in post-apartheid South Africa, given the challenges and inequalities faced, evidenced in urban landscapes where millions reside in informal settlements and informal backyard rental accommodation. This article investigates the informal backyard rental phenomenon in South Africa through a social sustainability lens, focusing on a case study in Bridgton and Bongolethu, Oudtshoorn. Qualitative and quantitative research findings unveil several features in support of social sustainability framed by familial connections between landlords and backyard tenants. The article also uncovers certain challenges presented by informal backyard rentals and social sustainability, predominantly related to the quality of structures and certain social concerns. In its totality, the article provides a contextualised perspective on social sustainability in the informal backyard rental sector and provides the planning community and other decision makers with a more nuanced understanding of the complexities and potentials that may underpin it in small town South Africa and beyond.","PeriodicalId":42151,"journal":{"name":"Town and Regional Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44602988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-12DOI: 10.18820/2415-0495/TRP74I1.3
B. Adeleye, A. Popoola, L. Sanni, N. Zitta, O. Ayangbile
Like many developing countries over the decade, Nigeria has experienced rapid urbanization associated with numerous problems such as, among others, improper waste management practices, building development regulations and standards contraventions, environmental pollution, overcrowding, and flooding. In light of the foregoing, this article examines the use and effectiveness of development control measures in addressing flood vulnerability in Suleja, Nigeria. In carrying out this study, buildings vulnerable to flooding were identified and factors influencing their vulnerability as well as the implications of non-adherence to development control measures were also determined. As part of this study, a total of 278 questionnaires were administered to adult residents of the study area, using multi-stage sampling techniques. A quick bird’s eye image of 15-meter resolution was used to identify and map out the buildings in the area considered vulnerable to flooding, using a 15-meter setback from the river banks. The study reveals that 799 buildings were built in contravention of building development standards and regulations in Suleja, while indiscriminate solid waste disposal methods were found to be strong factors influencing vulnerability to flooding in the area. The study also revealed that 47% of drainages in Suleja are blocked with indiscriminately disposed solid waste materials. The study recommends that an improved solid waste management system for Suleja be put in place to stem the imminent outbreak of diseases associated with poor environmental management and that development control measures be strictly enforced by the Niger State Urban Development Board.
{"title":"Poor development control as flood vulnerability factor in Suleja, Nigeria","authors":"B. Adeleye, A. Popoola, L. Sanni, N. Zitta, O. Ayangbile","doi":"10.18820/2415-0495/TRP74I1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18820/2415-0495/TRP74I1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Like many developing countries over the decade, Nigeria has experienced rapid urbanization associated with numerous problems such as, among others, improper waste management practices, building development regulations and standards contraventions, environmental pollution, overcrowding, and flooding. In light of the foregoing, this article examines the use and effectiveness of development control measures in addressing flood vulnerability in Suleja, Nigeria. In carrying out this study, buildings vulnerable to flooding were identified and factors influencing their vulnerability as well as the implications of non-adherence to development control measures were also determined. As part of this study, a total of 278 questionnaires were administered to adult residents of the study area, using multi-stage sampling techniques. A quick bird’s eye image of 15-meter resolution was used to identify and map out the buildings in the area considered vulnerable to flooding, using a 15-meter setback from the river banks. The study reveals that 799 buildings were built in contravention of building development standards and regulations in Suleja, while indiscriminate solid waste disposal methods were found to be strong factors influencing vulnerability to flooding in the area. The study also revealed that 47% of drainages in Suleja are blocked with indiscriminately disposed solid waste materials. The study recommends that an improved solid waste management system for Suleja be put in place to stem the imminent outbreak of diseases associated with poor environmental management and that development control measures be strictly enforced by the Niger State Urban Development Board.","PeriodicalId":42151,"journal":{"name":"Town and Regional Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45747807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-12DOI: 10.18820/2415-0495/TRP74I1.2
S. D. Beer, Mark Oranje
This article laments the exclusion of small, local communities, voices and visions, from participating in making the city. It makes a case for ‘small communities’ practising resistance and reconstruction in multiple ways and places. Instead of viewing such actions as naïve or a-political, it calls for an understanding of such practices as alternatives to ‘top-down’ urban processes, and, as such, representing a different and necessary, critical political imagination. In doing so, it fuses insights from equity planning theories, praxis-based liberation theological approaches, and emancipatory community development approaches. It argues that communities, aware of the forces that would seek to tear them apart, can play a significant role in making cities ‘from below’. This, it is argued, would be even more possible through such communities finding each other, and nurturing deep solidarities, until broad-based, interconnected movements take shape, embodying concrete signs of wholeness.
{"title":"City-making from below: A call for communities of resistance and reconstruction","authors":"S. D. Beer, Mark Oranje","doi":"10.18820/2415-0495/TRP74I1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18820/2415-0495/TRP74I1.2","url":null,"abstract":"This article laments the exclusion of small, local communities, voices and visions, from participating in making the city. It makes a case for ‘small communities’ practising resistance and reconstruction in multiple ways and places. Instead of viewing such actions as naïve or a-political, it calls for an understanding of such practices as alternatives to ‘top-down’ urban processes, and, as such, representing a different and necessary, critical political imagination. In doing so, it fuses insights from equity planning theories, praxis-based liberation theological approaches, and emancipatory community development approaches. It argues that communities, aware of the forces that would seek to tear them apart, can play a significant role in making cities ‘from below’. This, it is argued, would be even more possible through such communities finding each other, and nurturing deep solidarities, until broad-based, interconnected movements take shape, embodying concrete signs of wholeness.","PeriodicalId":42151,"journal":{"name":"Town and Regional Planning","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41341847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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