Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2024.01.09
B. S. Shylaja, R. V. Pai
{"title":"UNAMBIGUOUS IDENTIFICATION OF THE STAR <italic>ĀRDRĀ</italic>","authors":"B. S. Shylaja, R. V. Pai","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2024.01.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2024.01.09","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140400842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2024.01.01
O. Engvold, J. Vial
: The very outer solar atmosphere (corona) is very hot with temperatures over a million degrees K, while the photosphere is of the order of 5000 K. Embedded in this hot outer corona are cool, ≤ 10,000 K, magnetic structures called solar prominences. As seen on the disk, they are long filamentary structures while on the solar limb they look like intricate loops. In this paper, we present the development of our understanding of solar prominences, which have played a central role in the development of solar science. Solar prominences were first observed during the few minute episodes of total eclipses. The introduction of spectroscopy allowed continuous observations, which also led to information on temperatures, temporal variations and dynamics of the associated plasma. The discovery of strong magnetic fields in sunspots provided a breakthrough in our understanding of the physics of the Sun. Weaker magnetic fields formed both the large and small-scale structures of prominences, their time-variable shapes, and explained why they could remain floating high above the solar surface in the less dense corona. Appearing as dark, thin, elongated filaments against a brighter solar disk, they provided further information through their interaction with and dependence on how magnetic fields are distributed on the solar surface, in the chromosphere and corona. Access to X-ray and short-wavelength ultraviolet radiation in prominences from spacecraft revealed large ranges of temperature in thin layers between the 10,000-degree prominence cores and the surrounding million-degree corona. The advent of increasingly more powerful computers has led to advanced modelling of prominence plasma based on radiative transfer and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) calculations.
{"title":"THE ROLE OF PROMINENCES IN THE HISTORY OF SOLAR PHYSICS","authors":"O. Engvold, J. Vial","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2024.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2024.01.01","url":null,"abstract":": The very outer solar atmosphere (corona) is very hot with temperatures over a million degrees K, while the photosphere is of the order of 5000 K. Embedded in this hot outer corona are cool, ≤ 10,000 K, magnetic structures called solar prominences. As seen on the disk, they are long filamentary structures while on the solar limb they look like intricate loops. In this paper, we present the development of our understanding of solar prominences, which have played a central role in the development of solar science. Solar prominences were first observed during the few minute episodes of total eclipses. The introduction of spectroscopy allowed continuous observations, which also led to information on temperatures, temporal variations and dynamics of the associated plasma. The discovery of strong magnetic fields in sunspots provided a breakthrough in our understanding of the physics of the Sun. Weaker magnetic fields formed both the large and small-scale structures of prominences, their time-variable shapes, and explained why they could remain floating high above the solar surface in the less dense corona. Appearing as dark, thin, elongated filaments against a brighter solar disk, they provided further information through their interaction with and dependence on how magnetic fields are distributed on the solar surface, in the chromosphere and corona. Access to X-ray and short-wavelength ultraviolet radiation in prominences from spacecraft revealed large ranges of temperature in thin layers between the 10,000-degree prominence cores and the surrounding million-degree corona. The advent of increasingly more powerful computers has led to advanced modelling of prominence plasma based on radiative transfer and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) calculations.","PeriodicalId":42167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140399651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2024.01.19
Clifford Cunningham
{"title":"<italic>The Age of Epistemology: Aristotelian Logic in Early Modern Philosophy 1500–1700</italic>, by Marco Sgarbi.","authors":"Clifford Cunningham","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2024.01.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2024.01.19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140407439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2024.01.18
Nick Lomb
{"title":"<italic>William Dawes: Scientist, Governor, Abolitionist: Caught Between Science and Religion</italic>, by Richard de Grijs and Andrew Jacob.","authors":"Nick Lomb","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2024.01.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2024.01.18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140403412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2024.01.08
Clifford J. Cunningham
: In his own poetry, Tycho Brahe took inspiration from ancient Roman poetry by appropriating ancient theology: the god Apollo and the Muse of Astronomy, Urania. In so doing, he framed himself as being in a unique position to reveal the secrets of the cosmos. This study offers the first comprehensive analysis in English of Tycho’s Elegy to Urania , and traces sources that have not previously been identified. The first 52 lines of his deeply personal Elegy are presented here in English for the first time. This study also looks at Scottish epigrams in praise of Tycho, and a brief look at how other poets and astronomers (notably Corbinianus Thomas) employed Urania for their own purposes.
{"title":"TYCHO’S CONVERSATION WITH URANIA, AND OTHER ENGAGEMENTS WITH THE MUSE","authors":"Clifford J. Cunningham","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2024.01.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2024.01.08","url":null,"abstract":": In his own poetry, Tycho Brahe took inspiration from ancient Roman poetry by appropriating ancient theology: the god Apollo and the Muse of Astronomy, Urania. In so doing, he framed himself as being in a unique position to reveal the secrets of the cosmos. This study offers the first comprehensive analysis in English of Tycho’s Elegy to Urania , and traces sources that have not previously been identified. The first 52 lines of his deeply personal Elegy are presented here in English for the first time. This study also looks at Scottish epigrams in praise of Tycho, and a brief look at how other poets and astronomers (notably Corbinianus Thomas) employed Urania for their own purposes.","PeriodicalId":42167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140399914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2024.01.04
Lars Gislén
{"title":"FOUR INSTRUMENTS IN MARTÍN CORTÉS’ <italic>BREVE COMPENDIO DE LA SPHERA</italic> AND A RULE FOR FINDING THE AGE OF THE MOON","authors":"Lars Gislén","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2024.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2024.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140407751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.63
Daniela Sánchez-Giraldo, Edwin A. Quintero-Salazar
: The Quimbaya were a South American native people who inhabited the central region of Colombia, extinct due to the Spanish colonization. However, it was recently discovered that the Kumba-Quimbaya indigenous community, currently living in the village of La Iberia in the municipality of Riosucio, Caldas, is descendant of the ancient Quimbaya culture. This paper describes the implicit astronomical phenomena found in the cultural practices of the ancestral Kumba-Quimbaya people and characterizes the relationship between these practices and the daily activities of this community. This qualitative study relies on three ethnographic techniques to gather information: participant observation, field diaries, and interviews, which were conducted during visits to the community’s rural settlement. The information was systematized in a textual corpus and processed through content analysis. We identified 10 astronomical phenomena embedded within the cultural practices of this community. The phases of the Moon are used to schedule ceremonies and festivities, agricultural activities and within their traditional cuisine. We also identified the ritual use of geography through the observation of the location of the Sun and the Moon with respect to sacred mountains. Likewise, we evidenced the influence of a lunar calendar of their own in current social activities. This work allowed us to describe the relationship between astronomical phenomena and the daily activities of the community, such as rituals to improve their harvests, perform plantings, or anticipate climatic or seasonal changes. These findings contribute to the knowledge of the customs and traditions of the
{"title":"ASTRONOMICAL PHENOMENA IN THE CULTURAL PRACTICES OF THE KUMBA-QUIMBAYA INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY OF COLOMBIA","authors":"Daniela Sánchez-Giraldo, Edwin A. Quintero-Salazar","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.63","url":null,"abstract":": The Quimbaya were a South American native people who inhabited the central region of Colombia, extinct due to the Spanish colonization. However, it was recently discovered that the Kumba-Quimbaya indigenous community, currently living in the village of La Iberia in the municipality of Riosucio, Caldas, is descendant of the ancient Quimbaya culture. This paper describes the implicit astronomical phenomena found in the cultural practices of the ancestral Kumba-Quimbaya people and characterizes the relationship between these practices and the daily activities of this community. This qualitative study relies on three ethnographic techniques to gather information: participant observation, field diaries, and interviews, which were conducted during visits to the community’s rural settlement. The information was systematized in a textual corpus and processed through content analysis. We identified 10 astronomical phenomena embedded within the cultural practices of this community. The phases of the Moon are used to schedule ceremonies and festivities, agricultural activities and within their traditional cuisine. We also identified the ritual use of geography through the observation of the location of the Sun and the Moon with respect to sacred mountains. Likewise, we evidenced the influence of a lunar calendar of their own in current social activities. This work allowed us to describe the relationship between astronomical phenomena and the daily activities of the community, such as rituals to improve their harvests, perform plantings, or anticipate climatic or seasonal changes. These findings contribute to the knowledge of the customs and traditions of the","PeriodicalId":42167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.72
Steven J. Dick
{"title":"&lt;italic&gt;Meeting the Alien: An Introduction to Exosociology&lt;/italic&gt;, by Andreas Anton and Michael Schetsche","authors":"Steven J. Dick","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.72","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.73
Peter Robertson
{"title":"&lt;italic&gt;Joe Pawsey and the Founding of Austra-lian Radio Astronomy: Early Discoveries, from the Sun to the Cosmos&lt;/italic&gt;, by W.M. Goss, Claire Hooker and Ronald D. Ekers.","authors":"Peter Robertson","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.73","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.76
Zuoyue Wang
{"title":"&lt;italic&gt;China and the International Astronomical Union: Divorce, Separation and Reconcili-ation (1958&ndash;1982)&lt;/italic&gt;, by Thierry Montmerle and Yi Zhou.","authors":"Zuoyue Wang","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.76","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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