Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.63
Daniela Sánchez-Giraldo, Edwin A. Quintero-Salazar
: The Quimbaya were a South American native people who inhabited the central region of Colombia, extinct due to the Spanish colonization. However, it was recently discovered that the Kumba-Quimbaya indigenous community, currently living in the village of La Iberia in the municipality of Riosucio, Caldas, is descendant of the ancient Quimbaya culture. This paper describes the implicit astronomical phenomena found in the cultural practices of the ancestral Kumba-Quimbaya people and characterizes the relationship between these practices and the daily activities of this community. This qualitative study relies on three ethnographic techniques to gather information: participant observation, field diaries, and interviews, which were conducted during visits to the community’s rural settlement. The information was systematized in a textual corpus and processed through content analysis. We identified 10 astronomical phenomena embedded within the cultural practices of this community. The phases of the Moon are used to schedule ceremonies and festivities, agricultural activities and within their traditional cuisine. We also identified the ritual use of geography through the observation of the location of the Sun and the Moon with respect to sacred mountains. Likewise, we evidenced the influence of a lunar calendar of their own in current social activities. This work allowed us to describe the relationship between astronomical phenomena and the daily activities of the community, such as rituals to improve their harvests, perform plantings, or anticipate climatic or seasonal changes. These findings contribute to the knowledge of the customs and traditions of the
{"title":"ASTRONOMICAL PHENOMENA IN THE CULTURAL PRACTICES OF THE KUMBA-QUIMBAYA INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY OF COLOMBIA","authors":"Daniela Sánchez-Giraldo, Edwin A. Quintero-Salazar","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.63","url":null,"abstract":": The Quimbaya were a South American native people who inhabited the central region of Colombia, extinct due to the Spanish colonization. However, it was recently discovered that the Kumba-Quimbaya indigenous community, currently living in the village of La Iberia in the municipality of Riosucio, Caldas, is descendant of the ancient Quimbaya culture. This paper describes the implicit astronomical phenomena found in the cultural practices of the ancestral Kumba-Quimbaya people and characterizes the relationship between these practices and the daily activities of this community. This qualitative study relies on three ethnographic techniques to gather information: participant observation, field diaries, and interviews, which were conducted during visits to the community’s rural settlement. The information was systematized in a textual corpus and processed through content analysis. We identified 10 astronomical phenomena embedded within the cultural practices of this community. The phases of the Moon are used to schedule ceremonies and festivities, agricultural activities and within their traditional cuisine. We also identified the ritual use of geography through the observation of the location of the Sun and the Moon with respect to sacred mountains. Likewise, we evidenced the influence of a lunar calendar of their own in current social activities. This work allowed us to describe the relationship between astronomical phenomena and the daily activities of the community, such as rituals to improve their harvests, perform plantings, or anticipate climatic or seasonal changes. These findings contribute to the knowledge of the customs and traditions of the","PeriodicalId":42167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.72
Steven J. Dick
{"title":"<italic>Meeting the Alien: An Introduction to Exosociology</italic>, by Andreas Anton and Michael Schetsche","authors":"Steven J. Dick","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.72","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.73
Peter Robertson
{"title":"<italic>Joe Pawsey and the Founding of Austra-lian Radio Astronomy: Early Discoveries, from the Sun to the Cosmos</italic>, by W.M. Goss, Claire Hooker and Ronald D. Ekers.","authors":"Peter Robertson","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.73","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.76
Zuoyue Wang
{"title":"<italic>China and the International Astronomical Union: Divorce, Separation and Reconcili-ation (1958–1982)</italic>, by Thierry Montmerle and Yi Zhou.","authors":"Zuoyue Wang","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.76","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.66
K.S. Mahesh, K. Rupa, Padmaja Venugopal, S. Balachandra Rao
{"title":"A STUDY OF THE OCCULTATIONS OF <italic>ROHIṆĪ</italic> (ALDEBARAN) IN CLASSICAL INDIAN ASTRONOMY","authors":"K.S. Mahesh, K. Rupa, Padmaja Venugopal, S. Balachandra Rao","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.66","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.65
Peter D. Usher, Enrico Massaro
: In 1573, Thomas Digges published a book entitled Alae seu Scalae Mathematicae and in 2023 we celebrate the 450th anniversary of its publication. The book was prompted by the apparition of the New Star of 1572, which Digges shows does not change position in the sky. He supplies its distances from some nearby stars in Cassiopeia, but the remainder of the book has long been under-valued. It presents a “new and unheard-of method” of ascertaining diurnal parallaxes of planets, yet Digges applies the theoretical developments only in illustrative examples. However, three years later in 1576 in an essay “A Perfit Description of the Caelestiall Orbes,” Digges makes the astounding claim that he has measured parallaxes of planets with sufficient accuracy to show that they do not circle the Earth at a constant distance but have some other center or centers. This paper examines Digges’ claim of an empirical disproof of geocentrism in the sixteenth century and its support for heliocentrism.
{"title":"THE SIXTEENTH-CENTURY EMPIRICAL DISPROOF OF PTOLEMAIC GEOCENTRISM","authors":"Peter D. Usher, Enrico Massaro","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.65","url":null,"abstract":": In 1573, Thomas Digges published a book entitled Alae seu Scalae Mathematicae and in 2023 we celebrate the 450th anniversary of its publication. The book was prompted by the apparition of the New Star of 1572, which Digges shows does not change position in the sky. He supplies its distances from some nearby stars in Cassiopeia, but the remainder of the book has long been under-valued. It presents a “new and unheard-of method” of ascertaining diurnal parallaxes of planets, yet Digges applies the theoretical developments only in illustrative examples. However, three years later in 1576 in an essay “A Perfit Description of the Caelestiall Orbes,” Digges makes the astounding claim that he has measured parallaxes of planets with sufficient accuracy to show that they do not circle the Earth at a constant distance but have some other center or centers. This paper examines Digges’ claim of an empirical disproof of geocentrism in the sixteenth century and its support for heliocentrism.","PeriodicalId":42167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Astronomical orientation of ancient sites can reveal astronomical wisdom utilized to resonate with the context of the maker, thus providing additional insight into that ancient culture. In this study, the orientation of Phra That Doi Suthep Temple, a sacred Buddhist temple that was founded during the prosperous period of the ancient Lanna Kingdom (in Chiang Mai, in present-day Thailand), was investigated, as well as its connection to the tradition that many Buddhists walk up the mountain to the temple on the eve of Visakha Bucha Day ( Vesak Day—the Full Moon day of Vishākhā month). The remaining traces of historical evidence, including ethnic astronomical practices, suggest that the alignment of the temple when it was founded may have been related to the constellation now known as Corona Borealis (CrB), where α CrB is the reference star for the Vishākhā Nakṣhatra . To investigate this deduction, we surveyed the temple’s orientation using a theodolite and GPS, to obtain the azimuth of 59.74 ± 0.07° (30.26 ± 0.07° north of east). We employed Stellarium , which is precession-corrected, to determine the azimuth of α CrB and simulated that back in time to match that of the temple, thus yielding the estimated planning years. The finding suggests that the temple might be oriented to the true acronychal rising of α CrB in AD 1537 ± 19 in order to manifest the Full Moon on Visakha Bucha Day (a traditional Buddhist calendar’s New Year’s Day), close to the time when King Mueangketklao of Lanna reconstructed the temple on 21 April 1538.
{"title":"THE ASTRONOMICAL ORIENTATION OF THE THAI PHRA THAT DOI SUTHEP TEMPLE IN RELATION TO THE ACRONYCHAL RISING OF ΑLPHA CORONA BOREALIS AND <italic>VISAKHA BUCHA</italic> DAY","authors":"Orapin Riyaprao, Korakamon Sriboonrueang, Siramas Komonjinda, Cherdsak Saelee","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.68","url":null,"abstract":": Astronomical orientation of ancient sites can reveal astronomical wisdom utilized to resonate with the context of the maker, thus providing additional insight into that ancient culture. In this study, the orientation of Phra That Doi Suthep Temple, a sacred Buddhist temple that was founded during the prosperous period of the ancient Lanna Kingdom (in Chiang Mai, in present-day Thailand), was investigated, as well as its connection to the tradition that many Buddhists walk up the mountain to the temple on the eve of Visakha Bucha Day ( Vesak Day—the Full Moon day of Vishākhā month). The remaining traces of historical evidence, including ethnic astronomical practices, suggest that the alignment of the temple when it was founded may have been related to the constellation now known as Corona Borealis (CrB), where α CrB is the reference star for the Vishākhā Nakṣhatra . To investigate this deduction, we surveyed the temple’s orientation using a theodolite and GPS, to obtain the azimuth of 59.74 ± 0.07° (30.26 ± 0.07° north of east). We employed Stellarium , which is precession-corrected, to determine the azimuth of α CrB and simulated that back in time to match that of the temple, thus yielding the estimated planning years. The finding suggests that the temple might be oriented to the true acronychal rising of α CrB in AD 1537 ± 19 in order to manifest the Full Moon on Visakha Bucha Day (a traditional Buddhist calendar’s New Year’s Day), close to the time when King Mueangketklao of Lanna reconstructed the temple on 21 April 1538.","PeriodicalId":42167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.75
Clifford Cunningham, William Sheehan
{"title":"<italic>The Moon in the Greek and Roman Imag-ination: Myth, Literature, Science and Philosophy</italic>, by Karen ní Mheallaigh.","authors":"Clifford Cunningham, William Sheehan","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.75","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.70
I.S. Glass
: The first photographs taken at the Cape of Good Hope (and therefore South Africa) date from 1843 and were due to Charles Piazzi Smyth, Chief Assistant at the Royal Observatory, Cape. His surviving positives and negatives are gathered here with descriptions of their subjects. They are mainly of the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope, of a Magnetic Observatory on the same site that no longer exists, and of various buildings in Cape Town. However, they also include the first photographic portraits made at the Cape and images of two astronomical instruments.
{"title":"THE FIRST PHOTOGRAPHS MADE AT THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE","authors":"I.S. Glass","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.70","url":null,"abstract":": The first photographs taken at the Cape of Good Hope (and therefore South Africa) date from 1843 and were due to Charles Piazzi Smyth, Chief Assistant at the Royal Observatory, Cape. His surviving positives and negatives are gathered here with descriptions of their subjects. They are mainly of the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope, of a Magnetic Observatory on the same site that no longer exists, and of various buildings in Cape Town. However, they also include the first photographic portraits made at the Cape and images of two astronomical instruments.","PeriodicalId":42167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.67
R.C. Kapoor
: This paper is about a century-old 130-mm (5-inch) Zeiss refractor that is in the possession of the Himalayan Mountaineering Institute in Darjeeling, India, and is on display in its Museum. The telescope is historical, being a gift from the German Chancellor Adolf Hitler to Maharaja Juddha Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana of Nepal in 1938. It turns out that this was not Adolf Hitler’s personal telescope as has been presumed by some, although he did have a similar 130-mm Zeiss telescope of his own. The Rana later passed his telescope on to his son Maharaja Bahadur Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana, who presented it to the Himalayan Mountaineering Institute in 1961.
{"title":"ON THE ZEISS TELESCOPE GIFTED BY ADOLF HITLER TO THE RANA OF NEPAL","authors":"R.C. Kapoor","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.09.67","url":null,"abstract":": This paper is about a century-old 130-mm (5-inch) Zeiss refractor that is in the possession of the Himalayan Mountaineering Institute in Darjeeling, India, and is on display in its Museum. The telescope is historical, being a gift from the German Chancellor Adolf Hitler to Maharaja Juddha Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana of Nepal in 1938. It turns out that this was not Adolf Hitler’s personal telescope as has been presumed by some, although he did have a similar 130-mm Zeiss telescope of his own. The Rana later passed his telescope on to his son Maharaja Bahadur Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana, who presented it to the Himalayan Mountaineering Institute in 1961.","PeriodicalId":42167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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