Pub Date : 2022-11-21DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2022.04.04
R. Grijs
Voyages of exploration often included astronomers among their crew to aid with maritime navigation. William Dawes, a British Marine who had been trained in practical astronomy, was assigned to the"First Fleet", a convoy of eleven ships that left England in May 1787 bound for Botany Bay (Sydney, Australia). Dawes was also expected to take measurements of the local gravitational acceleration, $g$, at any port of call by measuring the daily rate by which his Shelton pendulum clock differed from that at Greenwich, its calibration location. Although Dawes and Nevil Maskelyne, Britain's fifth Astronomer Royal, had planned to obtain clock-rate measurements in the Canary Islands, San Sebastian (Rio de Janeiro) and Table Bay, Captain Arthur Phillip, Commander of the First Fleet, only allowed Dawes to disembark the clock in Rio de Janeiro. Therefore, we have just one set of clock-rate measurements from the voyage, in addition to land-based measurements obtained in New South Wales. If gravity was the dominant factor affecting the clock's changing rate, Dawes' measurement of $-48.067$ sec per (sidereal) day obtained in Rio de Janeiro implies a local gravitational acceleration, $g = 9.7946$ m sec$^{-2}$. On the other hand, if we adopt the modern value, $g = 9.7878$ m s$^{-2}$, the implied daily decay rate is almost exactly 30 sec greater than Dawes' clock-rate determination, a difference that is well in excess of the prevailing uncertainties. This suggests that the pendulum's regulator nut may have been offset by a full turn, thus implying that our assumptions regarding the pendulum length may have to be revisited.
{"title":"GRAVITATIONAL CONUNDRUM: CONFUSING CLOCK-RATE MEASUREMENTS ON THE 'FIRST FLEET’ FROM ENGLAND TO AUSTRALIA","authors":"R. Grijs","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2022.04.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2022.04.04","url":null,"abstract":"Voyages of exploration often included astronomers among their crew to aid with maritime navigation. William Dawes, a British Marine who had been trained in practical astronomy, was assigned to the\"First Fleet\", a convoy of eleven ships that left England in May 1787 bound for Botany Bay (Sydney, Australia). Dawes was also expected to take measurements of the local gravitational acceleration, $g$, at any port of call by measuring the daily rate by which his Shelton pendulum clock differed from that at Greenwich, its calibration location. Although Dawes and Nevil Maskelyne, Britain's fifth Astronomer Royal, had planned to obtain clock-rate measurements in the Canary Islands, San Sebastian (Rio de Janeiro) and Table Bay, Captain Arthur Phillip, Commander of the First Fleet, only allowed Dawes to disembark the clock in Rio de Janeiro. Therefore, we have just one set of clock-rate measurements from the voyage, in addition to land-based measurements obtained in New South Wales. If gravity was the dominant factor affecting the clock's changing rate, Dawes' measurement of $-48.067$ sec per (sidereal) day obtained in Rio de Janeiro implies a local gravitational acceleration, $g = 9.7946$ m sec$^{-2}$. On the other hand, if we adopt the modern value, $g = 9.7878$ m s$^{-2}$, the implied daily decay rate is almost exactly 30 sec greater than Dawes' clock-rate determination, a difference that is well in excess of the prevailing uncertainties. This suggests that the pendulum's regulator nut may have been offset by a full turn, thus implying that our assumptions regarding the pendulum length may have to be revisited.","PeriodicalId":42167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48873562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2022.03.02
C. Cunningham
{"title":"THE ORIGINS AND LEGACY OF 'KEPLER'S GAP'","authors":"C. Cunningham","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2022.03.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2022.03.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48128334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2022.03.18
W. Orchiston
{"title":"<italic>A Treatise on Moon Maps: Visual Studies on Paper, 1610-1910</italic>, by Francis J. Manasek.","authors":"W. Orchiston","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2022.03.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2022.03.18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41597478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2022.03.10
J. Lequeux
{"title":"OBITUARY: WILLIAM TOBIN (1953–2022)","authors":"J. Lequeux","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2022.03.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2022.03.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43897690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2022.03.17
S. B. Rao
{"title":"<italic>Gaṇitagannaḍ: Mirror of Mathematics, An Astronomy Text of 1604 CE in Kannada by Śankaranārāyana Joisaru of Śṛngeri</italic>, translated and with a mathematical analysis by B.S. Shylaja and Seetharama Javagal.","authors":"S. B. Rao","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2022.03.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2022.03.17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43647640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2022.03.15
C. Cunningham
{"title":"<italic>Michael Maestlin’s Manuscript Treatise on the Comet of 1618: An Edition and Translation of Manuscript WLB Stuttgart, Cod. Math. 4° 15b, Nr. 8</italic>, by Miguel Granada and Patrick Boner (eds.)","authors":"C. Cunningham","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2022.03.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2022.03.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44983249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2022.03.16
Marion Dolan
{"title":"<italic>Investigating Art, History and Literature with Astronomy: Determining Time, Place, and Other Hidden Details Linked to the Stars</italic>, by Donald W. Olsen.","authors":"Marion Dolan","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2022.03.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2022.03.16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47059294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2022.03.11
W. Orchiston, B. Shylaja
{"title":"IAU COMMISSION C3 PROJECT GROUP ON ASIAN ASTRONOMY: PROGRESS REPORT, 2019–2021","authors":"W. Orchiston, B. Shylaja","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2022.03.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2022.03.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47155893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2022.03.09
J. Lequeux
{"title":"HENRI DESLANDRES: FROM MOLECULAR TO SOLAR PHYSICS","authors":"J. Lequeux","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2022.03.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2022.03.09","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45208630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2022.03.07
P. Molaro
{"title":"ON THE ORIGIN OF THE KEPLERIAN TELESCOPE","authors":"P. Molaro","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2022.03.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2022.03.07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45013677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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