For many missions, the European Space Agency ESA has followed a delta approach connected with excessive software reuse for the development of operational ground software for space missions. This approach of mission families is well proven and has already led to enormous cost savings regarding development and maintenance costs. Advances in mission planning and mission automation are an example how operational IT can reduce operational costs of space missions. For further cost reductions and to allow for less effort required for the development of ground systems and the definition of exchange formats, ESA is actively moving forward in standardization.
{"title":"Cost Reduction - Buzzwords and Their Real Use: Mission Families, Mission Planning, Mission Automation and Standardization","authors":"Micha Koller, C. Schurig","doi":"10.1109/SMC-IT.2009.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMC-IT.2009.43","url":null,"abstract":"For many missions, the European Space Agency ESA has followed a delta approach connected with excessive software reuse for the development of operational ground software for space missions. This approach of mission families is well proven and has already led to enormous cost savings regarding development and maintenance costs. Advances in mission planning and mission automation are an example how operational IT can reduce operational costs of space missions. For further cost reductions and to allow for less effort required for the development of ground systems and the definition of exchange formats, ESA is actively moving forward in standardization.","PeriodicalId":422009,"journal":{"name":"2009 Third IEEE International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125207244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated how people achieve pointing and path following tasks using a vibrotactile device. In pointing tasks, subjects are asked to reach a target as fast as possible guided by two types of tactile information generated by a specific glove we developed. The first type of information is a constant vibrating stimulation and the second one is a frequency modulation based vibration. A comparison using the visual channel when performing the same task is done is presented. For each modality, two experiments were performed. The first one is 1D: the subjects reach a target situated on a line. The second one is 2D and the target is in the horizontal plane. The results we obtained showed that tactile based pointing tasks obey to the classical Fitts’ law. Furthermore, we show that the frequency modulation based vibration mode is more useful than the constant one for pointing tasks. In path following experiments, we have a comparison between global and local visual feedback. Results show that in case of lacking global spatial information, vibrotactile feedback can give similar performance as visual feedback.
{"title":"Frequency Modulation Based Vibrotactile Device for Teleoperation","authors":"H. Pham, R. Chellali","doi":"10.1109/SMC-IT.2009.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMC-IT.2009.20","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated how people achieve pointing and path following tasks using a vibrotactile device. In pointing tasks, subjects are asked to reach a target as fast as possible guided by two types of tactile information generated by a specific glove we developed. The first type of information is a constant vibrating stimulation and the second one is a frequency modulation based vibration. A comparison using the visual channel when performing the same task is done is presented. For each modality, two experiments were performed. The first one is 1D: the subjects reach a target situated on a line. The second one is 2D and the target is in the horizontal plane. The results we obtained showed that tactile based pointing tasks obey to the classical Fitts’ law. Furthermore, we show that the frequency modulation based vibration mode is more useful than the constant one for pointing tasks. In path following experiments, we have a comparison between global and local visual feedback. Results show that in case of lacking global spatial information, vibrotactile feedback can give similar performance as visual feedback.","PeriodicalId":422009,"journal":{"name":"2009 Third IEEE International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130207435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In black-box testing, the system being tested is typically characterized as a number of inputs, where each input can take one of a number of values. Thus each test is a vector of input settings, and the set of possible tests is an N dimensional space, where N is the number of inputs. For example, an instance of a simulation of a crew exploration vehicle's (CEV) launch pad abort scenario can have 76 floating-point inputs. Unfortunately, for such a large number of inputs only a small percentage of the test space can be actually tested. This paper characterizes levels of partial test space coverage and presents Testgen, a tool for generating a suite of tests that guarantees a level of test space coverage, which a user can adapt to take advantage of knowledge of system internals. This ability to adapt coverage makes Testgen a gray-box testing tool.
{"title":"A Combinatorial Test Suite Generator for Gray-Box Testing","authors":"A. Barrett, D. Dvorak","doi":"10.1109/SMC-IT.2009.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMC-IT.2009.53","url":null,"abstract":"In black-box testing, the system being tested is typically characterized as a number of inputs, where each input can take one of a number of values. Thus each test is a vector of input settings, and the set of possible tests is an N dimensional space, where N is the number of inputs. For example, an instance of a simulation of a crew exploration vehicle's (CEV) launch pad abort scenario can have 76 floating-point inputs. Unfortunately, for such a large number of inputs only a small percentage of the test space can be actually tested. This paper characterizes levels of partial test space coverage and presents Testgen, a tool for generating a suite of tests that guarantees a level of test space coverage, which a user can adapt to take advantage of knowledge of system internals. This ability to adapt coverage makes Testgen a gray-box testing tool.","PeriodicalId":422009,"journal":{"name":"2009 Third IEEE International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129194907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Breebaart, M. Wolff, T. Grant, U. Brauer, J. Lindenberg
This article describes the authors' experiences with a pragmatic, ontology-based approach to data portability and knowledge sharing, as used in the first Mission Execution Crew Assistant (MECA) proof-of-concept demonstrator software.
{"title":"The MECA Project - Ontology-Based Data Portability for Space Missions","authors":"L. Breebaart, M. Wolff, T. Grant, U. Brauer, J. Lindenberg","doi":"10.1109/SMC-IT.2009.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMC-IT.2009.30","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the authors' experiences with a pragmatic, ontology-based approach to data portability and knowledge sharing, as used in the first Mission Execution Crew Assistant (MECA) proof-of-concept demonstrator software.","PeriodicalId":422009,"journal":{"name":"2009 Third IEEE International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132474151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reports on studies we are conducting to evaluate 3D stereoscopic rendering systems accuracy and efficiency. These studies are part of our project dealing with tele-operation, namely the use of virtual reality technology to increase immersion feeling of teleoperators and to test specific conditions by changing the feeled physical laws. We concentrate on depth perception because it has been shown to be a major factor for simple motor actions like navigation tasks or for complex and dexterous manipulation tasks. We present our stereoscopic rendering system and the methodology we developed to assess it and validate its efficiency in delivering the right stimulations to perceive accurately virtual worlds in 3D. We discuss also its potential use in worlds where physics (gravity forces, viscosity, etc.) aren't conventional.
{"title":"Motor Activity-Perception Based Approach for Improving Teleoperation Systems","authors":"R. Chellali, F. Dionnet, Abdeldjallil Naceri","doi":"10.1109/SMC-IT.2009.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMC-IT.2009.24","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on studies we are conducting to evaluate 3D stereoscopic rendering systems accuracy and efficiency. These studies are part of our project dealing with tele-operation, namely the use of virtual reality technology to increase immersion feeling of teleoperators and to test specific conditions by changing the feeled physical laws. We concentrate on depth perception because it has been shown to be a major factor for simple motor actions like navigation tasks or for complex and dexterous manipulation tasks. We present our stereoscopic rendering system and the methodology we developed to assess it and validate its efficiency in delivering the right stimulations to perceive accurately virtual worlds in 3D. We discuss also its potential use in worlds where physics (gravity forces, viscosity, etc.) aren't conventional.","PeriodicalId":422009,"journal":{"name":"2009 Third IEEE International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology","volume":"466 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132986487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a parity space (PS) approach for fault detection and isolation (FDI) of a cryogenic rocket engine combustion chamber. Nominal and non-nominal simulation data for three engine set points have been provided. The PS approach uses three measurements to generate residuals and a spherical transformation to map these residuals to faults. The radial co-ordinate is used for fault detection whereas the azimuthal and polar co-ordinates are used for fault isolation. Evaluation criteria are missed alarms, false alarms, and fault detection time. Although the approach needs a different residual generation method to become more robust, it works very well when compared with the other FDI approaches.
{"title":"Fault Detection and Isolation of a Cryogenic Rocket Engine Combustion Chamber Using a Parity Space Approach","authors":"P. Van Gelder, A. Bos","doi":"10.1109/SMC-IT.2009.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMC-IT.2009.47","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a parity space (PS) approach for fault detection and isolation (FDI) of a cryogenic rocket engine combustion chamber. Nominal and non-nominal simulation data for three engine set points have been provided. The PS approach uses three measurements to generate residuals and a spherical transformation to map these residuals to faults. The radial co-ordinate is used for fault detection whereas the azimuthal and polar co-ordinates are used for fault isolation. Evaluation criteria are missed alarms, false alarms, and fault detection time. Although the approach needs a different residual generation method to become more robust, it works very well when compared with the other FDI approaches.","PeriodicalId":422009,"journal":{"name":"2009 Third IEEE International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128428418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Mori, S. Iwasaki, Shohgo Ujihara, N. Kohtake, Y. Nishi
The quality of onboard flight software plays a significant role in the effort to succeed with more demanding space mission requirements. To improve software quality, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has applied software independent verification and validation (IV&V) for various software systems[1]. As part of this activities, test analysis has been conducted on some dependable flight software. The aim is to establish a methodology to efficiently identify "what to test”, and also to obtain the points of view in test design that is adequate to each spacecrafts characteristics. For this purpose, we have introduced the concept of viewpoint of testing, enacted test analysis based on the concept, and evaluated existing test suites using these results. In this paper, we describe the concept and methodology of test analysis for dependable flight software based-on our experiences, as well as the result of our evaluations of existing test suites.
{"title":"Viewpoint-Based Test Analysis for Dependable Onboard Flight Software","authors":"T. Mori, S. Iwasaki, Shohgo Ujihara, N. Kohtake, Y. Nishi","doi":"10.1109/SMC-IT.2009.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMC-IT.2009.17","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of onboard flight software plays a significant role in the effort to succeed with more demanding space mission requirements. To improve software quality, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has applied software independent verification and validation (IV&V) for various software systems[1]. As part of this activities, test analysis has been conducted on some dependable flight software. The aim is to establish a methodology to efficiently identify \"what to test”, and also to obtain the points of view in test design that is adequate to each spacecrafts characteristics. For this purpose, we have introduced the concept of viewpoint of testing, enacted test analysis based on the concept, and evaluated existing test suites using these results. In this paper, we describe the concept and methodology of test analysis for dependable flight software based-on our experiences, as well as the result of our evaluations of existing test suites.","PeriodicalId":422009,"journal":{"name":"2009 Third IEEE International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115454316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We examine Space Mission Knowledge Management (KM), where enterprise knowledge is created by knowledge workers within communities of practice (CoP) and other contributors. We consider the increasing impact of Social Software (SSW) on a modern KM enterprise and regard the difficulty in harmonizing the SSW benefits to the spacemissions enterprise via Web 2.0 and other technologies in conjunction with associated organizational change initiatives. The notion of knowledge tightness is presented, and knowledge markets are compared with capital markets. It is argued that knowledge should be prescriptive, collective, and tight in order to accommodate effective KM. A review of KM activities within The Aerospace Corporation (Aerospace) is provided to illustrate KM applications for National Security Space (NSS).
{"title":"Knowledge Management Guided by Economic Valuation Models","authors":"Stewart A. Sutton, J. Betser","doi":"10.1109/SMC-IT.2009.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMC-IT.2009.41","url":null,"abstract":"We examine Space Mission Knowledge Management (KM), where enterprise knowledge is created by knowledge workers within communities of practice (CoP) and other contributors. We consider the increasing impact of Social Software (SSW) on a modern KM enterprise and regard the difficulty in harmonizing the SSW benefits to the spacemissions enterprise via Web 2.0 and other technologies in conjunction with associated organizational change initiatives. The notion of knowledge tightness is presented, and knowledge markets are compared with capital markets. It is argued that knowledge should be prescriptive, collective, and tight in order to accommodate effective KM. A review of KM activities within The Aerospace Corporation (Aerospace) is provided to illustrate KM applications for National Security Space (NSS).","PeriodicalId":422009,"journal":{"name":"2009 Third IEEE International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128291850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to huge computational loads and the state of art of current hardware, nowadays how to implement real-time vision tasks on a signal chip is still a great interesting work. It is critical for eventually accomplishing biointelligence on robots, whatever humanoid robots, insect robots or even space robots. This paper presents a design of a so-called visual brain chip for robotic vision applications in order to explore biological visual information processing mechanisms. Biological vision systems explore their environments via allocating their visual resources to only the interesting parts of a scene. This is achieved by a selective visual attention mechanism that controls eye movements. Such mechanism is useful to reduce the complexity of calculation. The computational process was divided into three stages for achieving real-time visual computation. The whole system for the chip design used a PTZ TV camera, ASIC technology altogether with a LEON RISC processor and was verified on the FPGA development board. It is a good attempt for future robot vision system applications, especially for space robot, due to limited onboard computing resources, limited viewpoints and mobility.
{"title":"A Visual Brain Chip Based on Selective Attention for Robot Vision Application","authors":"Tao Wang, Nanning Zheng, K. Mei","doi":"10.1109/SMC-IT.2009.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMC-IT.2009.19","url":null,"abstract":"Due to huge computational loads and the state of art of current hardware, nowadays how to implement real-time vision tasks on a signal chip is still a great interesting work. It is critical for eventually accomplishing biointelligence on robots, whatever humanoid robots, insect robots or even space robots. This paper presents a design of a so-called visual brain chip for robotic vision applications in order to explore biological visual information processing mechanisms. Biological vision systems explore their environments via allocating their visual resources to only the interesting parts of a scene. This is achieved by a selective visual attention mechanism that controls eye movements. Such mechanism is useful to reduce the complexity of calculation. The computational process was divided into three stages for achieving real-time visual computation. The whole system for the chip design used a PTZ TV camera, ASIC technology altogether with a LEON RISC processor and was verified on the FPGA development board. It is a good attempt for future robot vision system applications, especially for space robot, due to limited onboard computing resources, limited viewpoints and mobility.","PeriodicalId":422009,"journal":{"name":"2009 Third IEEE International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132791095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Typical data systems for space applications are computer-centric. The central component is a computer to which several devices are attached. The computer handles devices, communication, computation and storage of data. Furthermore, fault-tolerance is an important issue in space systems. This paper presents a novel multicast embedded middleware switch which at the first implementation is fully implemented on an FPGA. SRAM-based FPGAs are very susceptible to SEUs stemmed from radiation effects in space, therefore considering fault-tolerance is inevitable. High capability of this switch to handle different interfaces in form of an integrated single system together with its fault-tolerance feature makes it very suitable for space data handling applications.
{"title":"A Fault-Tolerant Middleware Switch for Space Applications","authors":"S. Montenegro, E. Haririan","doi":"10.1109/SMC-IT.2009.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMC-IT.2009.46","url":null,"abstract":"Typical data systems for space applications are computer-centric. The central component is a computer to which several devices are attached. The computer handles devices, communication, computation and storage of data. Furthermore, fault-tolerance is an important issue in space systems. This paper presents a novel multicast embedded middleware switch which at the first implementation is fully implemented on an FPGA. SRAM-based FPGAs are very susceptible to SEUs stemmed from radiation effects in space, therefore considering fault-tolerance is inevitable. High capability of this switch to handle different interfaces in form of an integrated single system together with its fault-tolerance feature makes it very suitable for space data handling applications.","PeriodicalId":422009,"journal":{"name":"2009 Third IEEE International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130554273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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