Previous findings suggest that high identifiers show their group loyalty by deviating from group norms that do not allow the group to react in an adaptive manner towards a threatening outgroup (i.e., when the ingroup norm is egalitarian). In this study, using natural groups (French and North Africans), we aimed at extending our understanding of such loyalty conflict by examining the relationship between ingroup identification and intergroup differentiation (stereotyping and prejudice) as a function of distinctiveness threat and ingroup norms. Results showed a positive relationship between identification and prejudice both in the discriminatory norm condition when intergroup similarity was low and in the egalitarian norm condition when intergroup similarity was high, reflecting a loyalty conflict. Furthermore, in the latter condition, the relationship between identification and stereotyping was negative. Implications of these findings for social influence processes and intergroup similarity with regards to stereotyping and prejudice are discussed.
{"title":"Ingroup Identification Increases Differentiation in Response to Egalitarian Ingroup Norm under Distinctiveness Threat","authors":"Fabrice Gabarrot, J. Falomir-Pichastor","doi":"10.5334/IRSP.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/IRSP.22","url":null,"abstract":"Previous findings suggest that high identifiers show their group loyalty by deviating from group norms that do not allow the group to react in an adaptive manner towards a threatening outgroup (i.e., when the ingroup norm is egalitarian). In this study, using natural groups (French and North Africans), we aimed at extending our understanding of such loyalty conflict by examining the relationship between ingroup identification and intergroup differentiation (stereotyping and prejudice) as a function of distinctiveness threat and ingroup norms. Results showed a positive relationship between identification and prejudice both in the discriminatory norm condition when intergroup similarity was low and in the egalitarian norm condition when intergroup similarity was high, reflecting a loyalty conflict. Furthermore, in the latter condition, the relationship between identification and stereotyping was negative. Implications of these findings for social influence processes and intergroup similarity with regards to stereotyping and prejudice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":422561,"journal":{"name":"Revue Internationale De Psychologie Sociale-international Review of Social Psychology","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129644944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marie-Pierre Fayant, H. Sigall, Aurore Lemonnier, Emilie Retsin, Theodore Alexopoulos
Manipulation checks do not allow ruling out or accepting alternative explanations of causal effects (Sigall & Mills, 1998). In order to gauge the influence of this argument on current research practices, we surveyed the views of researchers on manipulation checks. Results confirmed that a manipulation check still stands as a totem of experimental rigor. Except in rare circumstances, such as when pilot testing, manipulation checks do not provide information relevant to construct validity. While it seems cost free to include seemingly informative manipulation checks, we claim it is actually costly because it wrongly enhances subjective confidence in the validity of research findings. We conclude that manipulation checks may hinder efforts to adopt a cumulative culture and practice of hypothesis testing.
{"title":"On the Limitations of Manipulation Checks: An Obstacle Toward Cumulative Science","authors":"Marie-Pierre Fayant, H. Sigall, Aurore Lemonnier, Emilie Retsin, Theodore Alexopoulos","doi":"10.5334/IRSP.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/IRSP.102","url":null,"abstract":"Manipulation checks do not allow ruling out or accepting alternative explanations of causal effects (Sigall & Mills, 1998). In order to gauge the influence of this argument on current research practices, we surveyed the views of researchers on manipulation checks. Results confirmed that a manipulation check still stands as a totem of experimental rigor. Except in rare circumstances, such as when pilot testing, manipulation checks do not provide information relevant to construct validity. While it seems cost free to include seemingly informative manipulation checks, we claim it is actually costly because it wrongly enhances subjective confidence in the validity of research findings. We conclude that manipulation checks may hinder efforts to adopt a cumulative culture and practice of hypothesis testing.","PeriodicalId":422561,"journal":{"name":"Revue Internationale De Psychologie Sociale-international Review of Social Psychology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123788074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Until recently, social class has been rarely studied in psychology, and when it was taken into account it was rather as a control demographic variable than as a variable of interest. The aim of this paper is to propose an integrated review of recent research in social psychology that examines how social class influences psychological functioning and behavior. This literature conceptualizes social class as a context of socialization that modulates access to resources, which shapes individuals ways of thinking, feeling and acting. We present three approaches that respectively focus on three distinct aspects of the social class context – economic, symbolic or cultural resources – and describe how these resources impact attentional focus, orientation towards the self or the environment and ways to define oneself as an individual. We review the supporting empirical evidence sustaining these approaches and discuss the relevance of the indicators used to measure social class (income, employment, level of education, perceived rank). Finally, we argue that an experimental social psychology of social class is particularly needed as it allows, through the manipulation of processes, to identify the mechanisms by which social class influences psychological functioning and behavior. Resume Jusqu’a recemment, la classe sociale etait peu etudiee en psychologie, et lorsqu’elle etait prise en compte, c’etait plutot comme une variable demographique a controler que comme variable d’interet. L’objectif de cet article est de presenter une revue integree des recherches recentes sur la classe sociale en psychologie sociale qui examinent la facon dont la classe sociale influence le fonctionnement psychologique et le comportement. Cette litterature concoit la classe sociale comme un contexte de socialisation modulant l’acces a des ressources, ce qui faconne les manieres de penser, de ressentir et d’agir des individus. Nous presentons trois approches qui se distinguent en se focalisant sur trois aspects differents du contexte de classe sociale – les ressources economiques, symboliques ou culturelles – et leurs consequences en termes de processus psychosociaux – focalisation attentionnelle, orientation vers le soi ou l’environnement ou facons de se definir comme individu. La presentation de ces trois approches et des processus psychosociaux associes nous amenera egalement a discuter des indicateurs utilises pour mesurer la classe sociale (revenus, emploi, niveau d’education, rang percu). Enfin nous argumenterons comment une psychologie sociale des classes sociales permet, notamment par le recours a la manipulation des processus, une identification precise des mecanismes par lesquels la classe sociale influence le fonctionnement psychologique et le comportement.
{"title":"Etudier, Mesurer et Manipuler la Classe Sociale en Psychologie Sociale: Approches Economiques, Symboliques et Culturelles [Studying, Measuring and Manipulating Social Class in Social Psychology: Economic, Symbolic and Cultural Approaches]","authors":"Sébastien Goudeau, Frédérique Autin, J. Croizet","doi":"10.5334/IRSP.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/IRSP.52","url":null,"abstract":"Until recently, social class has been rarely studied in psychology, and when it was taken into account it was rather as a control demographic variable than as a variable of interest. The aim of this paper is to propose an integrated review of recent research in social psychology that examines how social class influences psychological functioning and behavior. This literature conceptualizes social class as a context of socialization that modulates access to resources, which shapes individuals ways of thinking, feeling and acting. We present three approaches that respectively focus on three distinct aspects of the social class context – economic, symbolic or cultural resources – and describe how these resources impact attentional focus, orientation towards the self or the environment and ways to define oneself as an individual. We review the supporting empirical evidence sustaining these approaches and discuss the relevance of the indicators used to measure social class (income, employment, level of education, perceived rank). Finally, we argue that an experimental social psychology of social class is particularly needed as it allows, through the manipulation of processes, to identify the mechanisms by which social class influences psychological functioning and behavior. Resume Jusqu’a recemment, la classe sociale etait peu etudiee en psychologie, et lorsqu’elle etait prise en compte, c’etait plutot comme une variable demographique a controler que comme variable d’interet. L’objectif de cet article est de presenter une revue integree des recherches recentes sur la classe sociale en psychologie sociale qui examinent la facon dont la classe sociale influence le fonctionnement psychologique et le comportement. Cette litterature concoit la classe sociale comme un contexte de socialisation modulant l’acces a des ressources, ce qui faconne les manieres de penser, de ressentir et d’agir des individus. Nous presentons trois approches qui se distinguent en se focalisant sur trois aspects differents du contexte de classe sociale – les ressources economiques, symboliques ou culturelles – et leurs consequences en termes de processus psychosociaux – focalisation attentionnelle, orientation vers le soi ou l’environnement ou facons de se definir comme individu. La presentation de ces trois approches et des processus psychosociaux associes nous amenera egalement a discuter des indicateurs utilises pour mesurer la classe sociale (revenus, emploi, niveau d’education, rang percu). Enfin nous argumenterons comment une psychologie sociale des classes sociales permet, notamment par le recours a la manipulation des processus, une identification precise des mecanismes par lesquels la classe sociale influence le fonctionnement psychologique et le comportement.","PeriodicalId":422561,"journal":{"name":"Revue Internationale De Psychologie Sociale-international Review of Social Psychology","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128375774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Armelle Nugier, Marlène Oppin, M. Cohu, Rodolphe Kamiejski, Élodie Roebroeck, S. Guimond
Des travaux recents ont montre que la conception actuelle de la laicite pouvait etre reliee aux prejuges envers les minorites ethniques et religieuses (Kamiejski et al., 2012). Notre etude propose d’examiner ce lien de facon experimentale afin de verifier dans quelle mesure le climat social actuel peut legitimer l’exercice de pression normative a l’encontre des personnes d’origine maghrebine. Dans cette perspective, deux etudes ont ete menees en France aupres de 334 participants ayant des prejuges plus ou moins eleves envers les personnes d’origine maghrebine. Les participants devaient evaluer et rapporter leur intention d’exercer de la pression normative sur une cible d’origine maghrebine adoptant ou non une attitude allant a l’encontre de la nouvelle laicite (Etude 1) et sur une cible d’origine musulmane ou catholique adoptant une attitude allant a l’encontre de la laicite (Etude 2). Les resultats de l’etude 1 montrent que les personnes ayant de forts prejuges evaluent plus negativement et exercent plus de pression normative a l’encontre de la cible contre-normative que de la cible normative. Par ailleurs, les resultats de l’etude 2 montrent que les personnes a forts prejuges evaluent plus negativement et exercent plus de pression a l’encontre d’une cible musulmane qu’a l’encontre d’une cible catholique. Ces premiers resultats soutiennent l’idee que la laicite est susceptible d’etre mobilisee afin de legitimer des attitudes prejudiciables envers les personnes d’origine maghrebine par les personnes ayant initialement de forts prejuges. English: Recent research has shown that French secularism (laicite) could be linked to prejudice against ethnic and religious minorities (Kamiejski et al. 2012). This study provides an experimental test of this relation and investigates the impact of laicite on the tendency to exert normative pressures on minority group members. 334 French participants with low or high prejudice against North Africans were asked, in Study 1, to report their intention to express normative pressure on a North African target adopting (or not) a deviant attitude regarding laicite . In Study2, Muslim vs. Catholic target adopted a deviant attitude regarding laicite . Results from Study 1 showed that people with strong prejudice evaluate more negatively and exert more normative pressure against the deviant target than against the normative target. Results from Study 2 showed that people with strong prejudice evaluate more negatively and exert more pressure against a Muslim target than against a Catholic target. These results support the idea that laicite is likely to be mobilized by people who are high in prejudice in order to legitimize negative attitudes towards North Africans
最近的研究表明，目前对世俗主义的理解可能与对少数民族和宗教的偏见有关(Kamiejski et al.， 2012)。我们的研究建议以实验的方式审查这种联系，以确定当前的社会气候在多大程度上可以使对马格里布血统的人施加规范性压力合法化。考虑到这一点，在法国进行了两项研究，共有334名参与者对马格里布血统的人有不同程度的偏见。参加者必须评估并带回他们的意图施加压力规范一种血统的对象是否颁布了抵触的态度,新laicite(研究1)和目标对穆斯林裔天主教或态度一直抵触laicite(研究2)。研究结果表明1人的强大1976 evaluent negativement并行使更规范的压力已对靶而不是规范目标。此外，研究2的结果显示，具有强烈偏见的人对穆斯林目标的评价和压力比天主教目标更消极。这些初步结果支持这样一种观点，即世俗主义可以被动员起来，使那些最初有强烈偏见的人对马格里布人的偏见态度合法化。英语:最近的研究表明，法国世俗主义可能与对种族和宗教少数群体的偏见有关(Kamiejski et al. 2012)。本研究对这种关系进行了实验检验，并探讨了世俗主义对少数群体成员施加规范性压力倾向的影响。在研究1中，334名对北非人有低或高偏见的法国参与者被要求报告他们打算通过(或不)对世俗主义采取异常态度来对北非目标表示规范性压力。在研究2中，穆斯林vs.天主教目标对世俗主义采取了一种反常的态度。研究1的结果表明，具有强烈偏见的人对偏离目标的评价更消极，对偏离目标施加更多的规范性压力。研究2的结果表明，具有强烈偏见的人对穆斯林目标的评价比对天主教目标的评价更消极，对穆斯林目标施加更大的压力。这些结果支持了这样一种观点:为了使对北非的消极态度合法化，偏见程度高的人很可能动员世俗主义。
{"title":"« Nouvelle Laïcité » en France et Pression Normative Envers les Minorités Musulmanes [Secularism in France and Normative Pressure Against Muslim Minorities]","authors":"Armelle Nugier, Marlène Oppin, M. Cohu, Rodolphe Kamiejski, Élodie Roebroeck, S. Guimond","doi":"10.5334/IRSP.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/IRSP.11","url":null,"abstract":"Des travaux recents ont montre que la conception actuelle de la laicite pouvait etre reliee aux prejuges envers les minorites ethniques et religieuses (Kamiejski et al., 2012). Notre etude propose d’examiner ce lien de facon experimentale afin de verifier dans quelle mesure le climat social actuel peut legitimer l’exercice de pression normative a l’encontre des personnes d’origine maghrebine. Dans cette perspective, deux etudes ont ete menees en France aupres de 334 participants ayant des prejuges plus ou moins eleves envers les personnes d’origine maghrebine. Les participants devaient evaluer et rapporter leur intention d’exercer de la pression normative sur une cible d’origine maghrebine adoptant ou non une attitude allant a l’encontre de la nouvelle laicite (Etude 1) et sur une cible d’origine musulmane ou catholique adoptant une attitude allant a l’encontre de la laicite (Etude 2). Les resultats de l’etude 1 montrent que les personnes ayant de forts prejuges evaluent plus negativement et exercent plus de pression normative a l’encontre de la cible contre-normative que de la cible normative. Par ailleurs, les resultats de l’etude 2 montrent que les personnes a forts prejuges evaluent plus negativement et exercent plus de pression a l’encontre d’une cible musulmane qu’a l’encontre d’une cible catholique. Ces premiers resultats soutiennent l’idee que la laicite est susceptible d’etre mobilisee afin de legitimer des attitudes prejudiciables envers les personnes d’origine maghrebine par les personnes ayant initialement de forts prejuges. English: Recent research has shown that French secularism (laicite) could be linked to prejudice against ethnic and religious minorities (Kamiejski et al. 2012). This study provides an experimental test of this relation and investigates the impact of laicite on the tendency to exert normative pressures on minority group members. 334 French participants with low or high prejudice against North Africans were asked, in Study 1, to report their intention to express normative pressure on a North African target adopting (or not) a deviant attitude regarding laicite . In Study2, Muslim vs. Catholic target adopted a deviant attitude regarding laicite . Results from Study 1 showed that people with strong prejudice evaluate more negatively and exert more normative pressure against the deviant target than against the normative target. Results from Study 2 showed that people with strong prejudice evaluate more negatively and exert more pressure against a Muslim target than against a Catholic target. These results support the idea that laicite is likely to be mobilized by people who are high in prejudice in order to legitimize negative attitudes towards North Africans","PeriodicalId":422561,"journal":{"name":"Revue Internationale De Psychologie Sociale-international Review of Social Psychology","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116393866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：