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Low occurence of Tuberculosis and HIV among Ukrainian Immigrants of War at the Border post in Uzhorod – Vysne Nemecke at point prevalence testing (note) 乌日罗德- Vysne Nemecke边境哨所乌克兰战争移民结核病和艾滋病感染率低(注)
IF 0.2 Pub Date : 2022-07-26 DOI: 10.22359/cswhi_13_4_05
K. Bundzelova, M. Hamarova, A. Murgová, M. Popovicová, V. Krcmery, M. Olah, G. Brichta, M. Jackulikova, B. Igliarova, S. Hunyadiova, J. Vallová, M. Vladarova, L. Roman, I. Hupkova, Z. Macková, N. Bujdova, J. Bozik, T. Fritsch, A. Toran
Point prevalence studies bring us approximate situations in border emergency settings where longitudinal or comparative studies are not realistic from logistic safety points of view. The one day point prevalence study performed at most frequently used checkpoints between Ukraine (UA) and Slovakia (SK). No case of TB screened by the WHO recommended questionnaire, or HIV performed by rapid test has been noted on day 7 after the war was declared.
点流行率研究为我们提供了边境紧急情况的大致情况,从后勤安全的角度来看,纵向或比较研究是不现实的。在乌克兰(UA)和斯洛伐克(SK)之间最常用的检查点进行了为期一天的点患病率研究。在宣布战争后的第7天,没有发现由世卫组织推荐的调查表筛查的结核病病例,也没有发现通过快速检测检测的艾滋病毒病例。
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引用次数: 1
Social Work and Health Intervention in the Karabakh Region of Armenia during the War in 2019 2019年战争期间亚美尼亚卡拉巴赫地区的社会工作和卫生干预
IF 0.2 Pub Date : 2022-07-26 DOI: 10.22359/cswhi_13_4_07
K. Budzelova, M. Vselichova, J. Vallová, M. Vladarova, S. Hunyadiova, V. Krcmery, M. Farkas, L. Román, B. Iglirova, I. Hupkova, Z. Macková, M. Zakharian, J. Dixon, J. Kiann
War conflict between two of three Caucasian Republics, in and to Upper Karabakh as a part interest of at least two countries, acquired during the civil war years ago, has led to substantial numbers of refugees and migrants from Karabakh to Armenia. The spectrum of acute humanitarian help is analyzed.
三个高加索共和国中的两个在上卡拉巴赫作为至少两个国家的一部分在多年前内战期间获得的战争冲突导致大量难民和移民从卡拉巴赫逃往亚美尼亚。分析了紧急人道主义援助的范围。
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引用次数: 1
The Role of Media in Humanitarian Interventions and Relief Campaigns on the Example of Slovak non-profits Response to the Conflict in Ethiopia 媒体在人道主义干预和救济运动中的作用——以斯洛伐克非营利组织对埃塞俄比亚冲突的反应为例
IF 0.2 Pub Date : 2022-07-26 DOI: 10.22359/cswhi_13_4_10
B. Markovic Baluchova
Despite promising democratization reforms in 2018 and awards from abroad in 2019, in November 2020, Ethiopia (Africa’s second most populous country) once again fell into the abyss of authoritarianism culminating in ethnically-driven violence and subsequent humanitarian disaster the Tigray Region in the north of the country. In this paper, the Slovak intervention by members of Ambrela – Platform for Development Organizations with its relief campaign Together for Ethiopia (March–April 2021) is analyzed. It also focuses on the role of media coverage in aid intervention and its impact on donors behavior.
尽管2018年有希望进行民主化改革,2019年获得国外奖励,但在2020年11月,埃塞俄比亚(非洲第二大人口大国)再次陷入威权主义的深渊,最终导致种族暴力和随后在该国北部提格雷地区发生的人道主义灾难。在本文中,分析了Ambrela -发展组织平台成员对斯洛伐克的干预及其救济运动“一起为埃塞俄比亚”(2021年3月至4月)。它还侧重于媒体报道在援助干预中的作用及其对捐助者行为的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Homeless Young People – Relationships and Risks of living on the Street 无家可归的年轻人-街头生活的关系和风险
IF 0.2 Pub Date : 2022-07-26 DOI: 10.22359/cswhi_13_4_9
J. Pavelková, M. Škodová, M. Schavel, B. Kuzyšin
This article brings information about homeless young people as an alternative way of life from the point of view of their daily survival on the street. The aim of the paper is to present the results of qualitative research associated with the phenomenon of homeless young people and to understand their life on the streets in terms of creating some relationships, namely solidarity, a functioning group as a family and its mutual help or variability, and obstacles to changing this lifestyle. It also informs about the risks posed by the majority society, city police, robbery, including the search for the meaning of the day. It is important, but also in the interest of society as a whole, to provide qualified social help to this target social group and reduce the number of young people on the streets and successfully reintegrate them back into the majority society.
这篇文章从无家可归的年轻人在街头的日常生存的角度来介绍他们作为另一种生活方式的信息。本文的目的是展示与无家可归的年轻人现象相关的定性研究结果,并从创造一些关系的角度了解他们在街头的生活,即团结,一个作为家庭的功能团体及其相互帮助或可变性,以及改变这种生活方式的障碍。它还告知了大多数社会、城市警察、抢劫所构成的风险,包括寻找这一天的意义。向这一目标社会群体提供合格的社会帮助,减少街头年轻人的数量,并使他们成功地重新融入主流社会,这一点很重要,但也符合整个社会的利益。
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引用次数: 1
Specificities in the Guidance of Refugees from Ukraine 指导乌克兰难民的特殊性
IF 0.2 Pub Date : 2022-07-26 DOI: 10.22359/cswhi_13_4_02
J. Mašán, M. Hamarova, M. Lichner, M. Šmídová, K. Trębski
Between March and June 2022 a study was conducted with social workers working with refugees from Ukraine as a result of the war. The research involved 30 respondents aged 30-55 from family centers operating in Slovakia and Poland. For this research, qualitative research methodology was used. Standardized interviews were used as a tool for data collection. The results of the research have generated three main themes with further specified sub-areas of concern: what experience the staff of the family centers have in receiving refugees; the needs associated with the situation of receiving refugees since the outbreak of the war; how the staff perceive guidance when working with refugees from Ukraine. Staff at the family centers reported several types of problems in relation to migration from Ukraine. Based on their answers, it can be concluded that the range of problems exceeds both the possibilities and competences of a single worker or guide. For systematic support, a multidisciplinary approach with the involvement of experts from different fields, e.g. social workers, psychologists, lawyers &/or clergy, is needed. An individual and flexible approach should be kept in mind, given that refugees may have different backgrounds, experiences and needs. It is not easy to ascertain the actual capacities of the assistance centers. Further similar investigations focusing on the actual practical impact could help to improve the effective assistance provided to refugees from Ukraine while simultaneously increasing its quality
在2022年3月至6月期间,一项研究对帮助因战争而逃离乌克兰的难民的社会工作者进行了调查。该研究涉及30名年龄在30-55岁之间的受访者,他们来自斯洛伐克和波兰的家庭中心。本研究采用质性研究方法。采用标准化访谈作为数据收集的工具。研究的结果产生了三个主要主题,并进一步明确了关注的分领域:家庭中心的工作人员在接收难民方面有什么经验;自战争爆发以来与接收难民情况有关的需要;工作人员在处理来自乌克兰的难民时如何看待指导。家庭中心的工作人员报告了与来自乌克兰的移民有关的几种问题。根据他们的回答,可以得出结论,问题的范围超出了单个工人或导游的可能性和能力。为了提供系统的支持,需要有来自不同领域的专家参与的多学科方法,例如社会工作者、心理学家、律师和/或神职人员。鉴于难民可能有不同的背景、经验和需要,应牢记采取个别和灵活的办法。要确定援助中心的实际能力并不容易。以实际实际影响为重点的进一步类似调查可能有助于改善向来自乌克兰的难民提供的有效援助,同时提高援助的质量
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引用次数: 1
Awareness, Social Media, Ethnicity and Religion: are they Responsible for Vaccination Hesitancy? A Systematic Review with Annotated Bibliography 意识、社交媒体、种族和宗教:它们是疫苗接种犹豫的原因吗?带注释参考书目的系统综述
IF 0.2 Pub Date : 2022-07-26 DOI: 10.22359/cswhi_13_4_04
N. Khan, N. Hussain, A. Naz
Vaccination is not only a medical term rather it is framed under socio-cultural perspectives and debates as well. Human history is full of illnesses caused bacteria and viruses killing millions of people including children and adults. Technological development in the health sector enabled to combat pathogenic illnesses through different methods whereby vaccination is one of them. However, it is a dilemma that vaccination has faced many barriers including logistical but most importantly sociocultural and religious. In 2019, WHO revealed vaccine hesitancy as a leading threat to health throughout the globe even in the top 10. This study looks to analyze peer reviewed literature to explore barriers to vaccination. Methodologically, this is desk research and systematic review. Numerous databases were searched with key words and purposively studies were selected for this study. A total of 17 most relevant studies were sampled. Findings show that there are four major factors hindering vaccination. 1st cultural and ethnic background matters whereby religion and the belief system are predominant factors. 2nd awareness and educational variables are also there, for instance, it is noted that many people are not aware of vaccination process specifically in case of HPV vaccination. 3rd social media plays a pivotal role whereby misinformation internalizes negative attitudes and misperceptions about vaccines. 4th social media is a key dimension whereby disinformation and misinformation are communicated through platforms whereby some are intentionally circulated. It is suggested that culturally relativism perspective can be helpful in increasing vaccination percentages. It pertains to intervention through culturally approved methods, for example, sensitizing the ethnic backgrounds through their leadership. In addition, vaccination tracking, media campaigns, focus on school level education to include health related course can be helpful.
疫苗接种不仅是一个医学术语,而且是在社会文化观点和辩论下形成的。人类历史上充满了由细菌和病毒引起的疾病,导致数百万人死亡,包括儿童和成人。卫生部门的技术发展使人们能够通过不同的方法来防治致病性疾病,接种疫苗就是其中之一。然而,疫苗接种面临许多障碍,包括后勤障碍,但最重要的是社会文化和宗教障碍,这是一个困境。2019年,世卫组织披露,疫苗犹豫是全球健康的主要威胁,即使在前10名中也是如此。本研究旨在分析同行评议的文献,以探索接种疫苗的障碍。方法上,这是案头研究和系统回顾。通过关键词检索大量的数据库,选择有目的的研究进行本研究。总共抽样了17项最相关的研究。研究结果表明,有四个主要因素阻碍疫苗接种。第一,文化和民族背景问题,其中宗教和信仰体系是主要因素。第二,意识和教育变量也存在,例如,值得注意的是,许多人不了解疫苗接种过程,特别是HPV疫苗接种。第三,社交媒体在错误信息内化对疫苗的负面态度和误解方面发挥着关键作用。第四,社交媒体是虚假信息和错误信息通过平台传播的关键维度,其中一些是故意传播的。建议文化相对主义观点有助于提高疫苗接种率。它涉及通过文化上认可的方法进行干预,例如,通过他们的领导使种族背景敏感。此外,疫苗接种跟踪、媒体宣传、侧重于学校一级的教育,包括与健康相关的课程,可能会有所帮助。
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引用次数: 1
Call for Socioeconomic and Health Infrastructure Rehabilitation after Pandemics and armed Conflicts - an ultimate wake up Call for the International Community? 呼吁在大流行病和武装冲突后恢复社会经济和卫生基础设施——对国际社会的最终唤醒?
IF 0.2 Pub Date : 2022-07-26 DOI: 10.22359/cswhi_13_4_01
A. Tsarenko, K. Bundzelova, M. Oláh
This current issue of Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention (CSW, 1-5) summarizes the three last issues focused on two devastating events. 1st – the two year pandemics of coronavirus infection originated from Hongkong 2003; via Abu Dhabi 2012; Busan 2017; Wuchan 2019 via Italy, France and large airports and sports/ cultural events to Central and Eastern Europe. 2nd – three war conflicts, two of them in Europe, or very close to the EU: first in 2012-2020 in Yemen due to airstries and infrastructure bombing of Taizz, Sanaa and Hodeida; second in Karabakh, Stepanakert Region by shelling from Azerbajjjan; third in Ukraine after bombing and still permanent shelling from Russian and Russia-satellite allies to Ukraine. We have to face the part played by devastating infrastructure destruction of hospitals schools, socio-economic and industrial damage to health and sanitary with consequences such as has been noted after an earthquake in Haiti and war in Rwanda and DRC. Currently, unfortunately, dealing with destroyed urban infrastructure in Mariopil and other towns, such as cholera outbreaks and Covid 19 resurgence results in massive a flow of refugees of war - a classic example of how socio-economic tragedy is followed by large health catastrophe. The EU is prepared for country rehabilitation including healthcare and educational support. The ultimate condition however is the immediate stopping of armed activities especially bombing and shelling of the water supplies and sanitary infrastructure.
本期《临床社会工作与健康干预》(CSW, 1-5)总结了最后三个关注两个破坏性事件的问题。1 . 2003年香港爆发的冠状病毒感染两年大流行;通过阿布扎比2012;釜山2017;第二次-三次战争冲突,其中两次在欧洲,或者非常靠近欧盟:第一次是2012-2020年在也门,由于塔伊兹、萨那和荷台达的机场和基础设施遭到轰炸;第二次是在斯捷潘纳科特地区卡拉巴赫遭到来自阿塞拜疆的炮击;第三个是在俄罗斯和俄罗斯的卫星盟友对乌克兰的轰炸和持续炮击之后。我们必须面对毁灭性的基础设施、医院、学校、社会经济和工业对健康和卫生的破坏所造成的后果,如海地地震和卢旺达和刚果民主共和国战争后所注意到的后果。目前,不幸的是,马里奥皮勒和其他城镇的城市基础设施遭到破坏,如霍乱疫情和2019冠状病毒病卷土重来,导致大量战争难民涌入,这是社会经济悲剧之后发生大规模卫生灾难的典型例子。欧盟为国家重建做好准备,包括提供保健和教育支助。然而,最终条件是立即停止武装活动,特别是停止对供水和卫生基础设施的轰炸和炮击。
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引用次数: 0
Spreading Terrorism, Militancy, and Radicalization in Malakand Division Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan: An Analysis of the Economic Factors 巴基斯坦开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省马拉坎德地区恐怖主义、好战性和激进化的蔓延:经济因素分析
IF 0.2 Pub Date : 2022-06-07 DOI: 10.22359/cswhi_13_3_03
A. Naz, S. Ullah, M. H. Khan, N. Khan
The current study is to analyze the causes of militancy, terrorism, and radicalization where multifarious factors are contributing towards spreading such behavior. However, the study is delimited to focus on the economic factors, including poverty, unemployment and other such factors that lead towards militancy, terrorism, and radical behavior in society. The field information was collected from 200 respondents using purposive sampling technique with stratified approach from 3 strata of the society including businessmen, teachers and clergy or religious class of age 20 and above. The data was collected through a structured interview schedule, and the analysis was made in the form of tables, discussion and the findings have been verified through chi-square test. The findings show that militancy, terrorism, and radicalization have their roots in deep rooted poverty, unemployment, and lack of other life facilities in the area. The study suggests proper planning for provision of jobs, equal distribution of resources among people and provision of life facilities to the masses.
目前的研究是分析军事、恐怖主义和激进化的原因,其中多种因素导致了这些行为的传播。然而,该研究被限定为关注经济因素,包括贫困、失业和其他导致社会中好战、恐怖主义和激进行为的因素。采用分层有目的抽样的方法,从20岁及以上的商人、教师、神职人员或宗教阶层等3个社会阶层中抽取200名调查对象进行实地调查。通过结构化访谈时间表收集数据,并以表格、讨论的形式进行分析,并通过卡方检验对结果进行验证。调查结果显示,激进主义、恐怖主义和激进化的根源在于该地区根深蒂固的贫困、失业和缺乏其他生活设施。该研究建议适当规划提供就业机会,在人与人之间公平分配资源,并为大众提供生活设施。
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引用次数: 1
Dental Anxiety – Psychological and Physical Factors as Triggers 牙科焦虑-心理和生理因素作为触发因素
IF 0.2 Pub Date : 2022-06-07 DOI: 10.22359/cswhi_13_3_01
D. Deaconu
While focusing on the terms dental anxiety, phobia, and fear, they are considerably common, but they are different in their circumstances. However, a difference has been noted between the terminologies. When challenged with a menacing dental issue, dental fear is a response to a familiar danger involving a “fight-or-flight” reaction meant to respond to stimuli 1 . On the contrary, dental anxiety (DA) is a response to unfamiliar danger where an individual exhibits a negative attitude towards dental treatment 2 . In contrast, dental phobia is primarily similar to fear, but it is much stronger because the “fight-or-flight” reaction happens when one thinks or is reminded about the situation3 . There are 3 categories of dental phobias based on their intensity4 . Dental anxiety is popular with the general population and is the least intense, mild odontophobia. When the issue becomes moderate, it becomes dental fear or moderate odontophobia. Finally, a severe case is considered rare and can be challenging to manage - dental phobia.
当我们把注意力集中在牙齿焦虑、恐惧症和恐惧这些术语上时,它们是相当常见的,但它们在不同的情况下是不同的。然而,已经注意到术语之间的差异。当面临威胁牙齿的问题时,牙齿恐惧是对熟悉的危险的一种反应,包括对刺激的“战斗或逃跑”反应。相反,牙科焦虑(DA)是一种对不熟悉的危险的反应,个体对牙科治疗表现出消极的态度。相比之下,牙齿恐惧症在本质上与恐惧相似,但更强烈,因为当一个人想到或被提醒到这种情况时,就会产生“战斗或逃跑”的反应。根据牙齿恐惧症的严重程度,有三种类型。牙齿焦虑在普通人群中很流行,是最不强烈的轻度牙齿恐惧症。当问题变得温和时,它就变成了牙齿恐惧或中度牙齿恐惧症。最后,一个严重的病例被认为是罕见的,可以挑战管理-牙科恐惧症。
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引用次数: 0
Caregiver Strain in Community Care 社区护理中的照顾者压力
IF 0.2 Pub Date : 2022-06-07 DOI: 10.22359/cswhi_13_3_07
M. Sebestyenova, M. Andelová, Ľ. Libová, M. Bednarikova, J. Otrubova, I. Nagyova
The paper focuses on the identification of areas of strain in caregivers who, on a non-professional basis, provide care to a person with a neurological disease in a community care-based setting. The aim of the survey was to validate the nursing diagnosis Caregiver Role Strain. Through a group of experts, we found out which determining features and related factors of the aforementioned nursing diagnosis occur most often in clinical practice while caring for patients with a neurological disease. Furthermore, for assessing caregivers we used the Modified Caregiver Strain Index to find out which neurological diseases cause the greatest strain for them, and which gender and age group of caregivers are most predisposed to strain. The survey took the form of online questionnaires fromApril 2021 to September 2021. Caregiver strain occurs most often in caregivers who care for neurological patients. By analyzing the data, we came to the conclusion that the experts in our survey identified fatigue as the most important determinant. The group of experts identified the most important related factor - inexperience in providing care. Due to the demanding position of the caregiver, it is important for care providers to correctly and quickly identify potential stressors, and thus relieve the caregivers from their difficult mission
本文的重点是在非专业的基础上,在社区护理的基础上,为患有神经系统疾病的人提供护理的护理人员的应变区域的识别。调查的目的是验证护理诊断看护者角色紧张。通过一组专家,我们发现上述护理诊断的决定特征和相关因素在护理神经系统疾病患者的临床实践中最常出现。此外,为了评估护理人员,我们使用修改的护理人员压力指数来找出哪些神经系统疾病对他们造成最大的压力,以及哪个性别和年龄组的护理人员最容易紧张。该调查于2021年4月至2021年9月以在线问卷的形式进行。照顾者压力最常发生在照顾神经系统病人的照顾者身上。通过分析数据,我们得出结论,我们调查的专家认为疲劳是最重要的决定因素。专家组确定了最重要的相关因素——缺乏提供护理的经验。由于照顾者的职位要求很高,因此照顾者正确、快速地识别潜在的压力源,从而减轻照顾者的困难任务是很重要的
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引用次数: 0
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Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention
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