Kelani river basin is inundated annually, primarily by heavy precipitation and rapid unplanned development, causing physical, social, and economic impacts. Two major attribut- able factors are inefficient rainfall forecasting and flood inundation modeling to facilitate flood management in this region. This study aims to simulate flood inundation in the Kelani River Basin in Sri Lanka using the Hydrological Engineering Center – River Analysis System (HEC-RAS). The model was used to create the scenarios for the elevation of the Kelani River basin, river network, water levels of the five hydrometric stations in the upper stream, land use and the land cover of the river basin were produced to identify the flood inundation and to suggest the possible solutions. A digital terrain model of the river basin was developed from elevation data using GIS techniques. HEC-RAS is the suitable analysis system to identify the flood inundation area by the receiving rainfall on every scale of the rain gauge, and the received rainfall can make the prediction earlier. According to the models of HEC-RAS on terrain, rainfall, river network, and water level of this study, following areas such as Kolonnawa, Hanwella, Homagama, and Kaduwela areas were inundated in the Colombo district after receiving above 85mm rainfall in the catchment areas of Kelani river basin and Wattala, Kelani, Biyagama, Ja-Ela in Gampaha district inundated after receiving 110 mm. It is proposed to build a reservoir in the Glanhouse area, along with a water retention bund in Hanwella, Dompe, Kolonnawa, Biyagama, and Kelani, to protect the vulnerable areas from frequent floods.
{"title":"Rainfall Based Dynamic Flood Inundation Simulation for Kelani River Basin of Sri Lanka","authors":"Piratheeparajah Nagamuthu","doi":"10.15421/112350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/112350","url":null,"abstract":"
 
 
 Kelani river basin is inundated annually, primarily by heavy precipitation and rapid unplanned development, causing physical, social, and economic impacts. Two major attribut- able factors are inefficient rainfall forecasting and flood inundation modeling to facilitate flood management in this region. This study aims to simulate flood inundation in the Kelani River Basin in Sri Lanka using the Hydrological Engineering Center – River Analysis System (HEC-RAS). The model was used to create the scenarios for the elevation of the Kelani River basin, river network, water levels of the five hydrometric stations in the upper stream, land use and the land cover of the river basin were produced to identify the flood inundation and to suggest the possible solutions. A digital terrain model of the river basin was developed from elevation data using GIS techniques. HEC-RAS is the suitable analysis system to identify the flood inundation area by the receiving rainfall on every scale of the rain gauge, and the received rainfall can make the prediction earlier. According to the models of HEC-RAS on terrain, rainfall, river network, and water level of this study, following areas such as Kolonnawa, Hanwella, Homagama, and Kaduwela areas were inundated in the Colombo district after receiving above 85mm rainfall in the catchment areas of Kelani river basin and Wattala, Kelani, Biyagama, Ja-Ela in Gampaha district inundated after receiving 110 mm. It is proposed to build a reservoir in the Glanhouse area, along with a water retention bund in Hanwella, Dompe, Kolonnawa, Biyagama, and Kelani, to protect the vulnerable areas from frequent floods.
 
 
","PeriodicalId":42282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135587692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mart Reimann, Olesia H. Kornus, Viktoriia S. Patsiuk, Natalia S. Venherska, Valentyna D. Kholodok, Hannes Palang
In Ukraine, as a result of Russia’s military aggression, tourism has suffered significant losses, and in regions close to or where hostilities are ongoing, it has ceased operations altogether. However, there are many examples in the world where countries have recovered quickly and successfully developed after armed conflicts. Given this, it is necessary to study foreign experience in restoring tourism and to develop the author’s own scientific and practical recommendations for further tourism development in wartime and post-war. The purpose of the article is to highlight new trends and peculiarities in the tourism sphere of the frontline communities of Ukraine (Zaporizhzhia, Dnipropetrovsk, Sumy, Kharkiv, and Donetsk regions) during the war and to develop the author’s recommendations for its further development, taking into account the primary data of a sociological survey of tourism rep- resentatives. The study was based on the results of a sociological survey of tourism business owners, employees of tourist infrastructure and attractions, representatives of tourism NGOs, and executive authorities coordinating tourism activities in the frontline territories of Ukraine. The respondents were 144 people from 5 regions of Ukraine: Dnipropetrovs’k, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia, Sumy, and Kharkiv regions. The sociological survey was conducted from February 2 to 15, 2023 by Estonian (Tallinn University) and Ukrainian scientists with the support of the Estonian Research Agency. The purpose of the survey was to identify the peculiarities of the state of Ukrainian frontline communities and the tourism business in the context of the war and prospects for the future. The sociological survey was conducted using the Google form tool on various areas of tourism business activity, such as the peculiarities of the tourism business before the war, the types of tourism practiced in the community before the outbreak of hostilities, changes in tourism after the outbreak of hostilities, problems and threats to the tourism business, prospects and opportunities for tourism development after the war, the greatest benefits for the community in terms of tourism business development during the war and the post-war period, participation in tourism clusters, and the development of tourism business in the community. The computer programs Microsoft Excel 2010, Adobe Photoshop 2021, and the program SPSS Statistics V21.0 were used for calculations, computations, and graphical constructions. Based on the results of the survey, we suggest ways to restore tourism in the frontline communities of Ukraine after the war.
{"title":"Tourism in Ukrainian frontline communities: trends, challenges, and development prospects","authors":"Mart Reimann, Olesia H. Kornus, Viktoriia S. Patsiuk, Natalia S. Venherska, Valentyna D. Kholodok, Hannes Palang","doi":"10.15421/112352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/112352","url":null,"abstract":"
 
 
 In Ukraine, as a result of Russia’s military aggression, tourism has suffered significant losses, and in regions close to or where hostilities are ongoing, it has ceased operations altogether. However, there are many examples in the world where countries have recovered quickly and successfully developed after armed conflicts. Given this, it is necessary to study foreign experience in restoring tourism and to develop the author’s own scientific and practical recommendations for further tourism development in wartime and post-war. The purpose of the article is to highlight new trends and peculiarities in the tourism sphere of the frontline communities of Ukraine (Zaporizhzhia, Dnipropetrovsk, Sumy, Kharkiv, and Donetsk regions) during the war and to develop the author’s recommendations for its further development, taking into account the primary data of a sociological survey of tourism rep- resentatives. The study was based on the results of a sociological survey of tourism business owners, employees of tourist infrastructure and attractions, representatives of tourism NGOs, and executive authorities coordinating tourism activities in the frontline territories of Ukraine. The respondents were 144 people from 5 regions of Ukraine: Dnipropetrovs’k, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia, Sumy, and Kharkiv regions. The sociological survey was conducted from February 2 to 15, 2023 by Estonian (Tallinn University) and Ukrainian scientists with the support of the Estonian Research Agency. The purpose of the survey was to identify the peculiarities of the state of Ukrainian frontline communities and the tourism business in the context of the war and prospects for the future. The sociological survey was conducted using the Google form tool on various areas of tourism business activity, such as the peculiarities of the tourism business before the war, the types of tourism practiced in the community before the outbreak of hostilities, changes in tourism after the outbreak of hostilities, problems and threats to the tourism business, prospects and opportunities for tourism development after the war, the greatest benefits for the community in terms of tourism business development during the war and the post-war period, participation in tourism clusters, and the development of tourism business in the community. The computer programs Microsoft Excel 2010, Adobe Photoshop 2021, and the program SPSS Statistics V21.0 were used for calculations, computations, and graphical constructions. Based on the results of the survey, we suggest ways to restore tourism in the frontline communities of Ukraine after the war.
 
 
","PeriodicalId":42282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135587579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vagif M. Kаrimov, Shura A. Ganbarova, Mehriban M. Ismayilova
The article analyzes the geological structure, lithofascial, tectonic, and morpho- logical features of the Mishovdag oil field, which is a productive area in terms of oil content. Morphologically, it represents a brachianticlinal fold located in the north-west and south-east directions. The Mishovdag fold is located on the Kalamaddin-Bandovan anticline zone between the Kichik Harami (in the northeast) and Galmaz (in the northwest) structures. The Mishovdag-Galmaz part of the anticlinal zone extends in the sub-southern direction. The structures included in the zone are represented on the surface mainly by Aghjagil, Absheron, and ancient Khazar sediments. Productive layer sediments come to the surface in few areas. The tectonic movements and activity of mud volcanoes (active or buried) have left characteristic traces in the geological structure of the research area. Brachianticlinal and other types of structures were formed here. Under the strong influence of tectonic movements, the layers forming them were deformed and broken into blocks by regional tectonic faults. The anticlinal structures of the zone are complicated by longitudinal and latitudinal faults. The Mishovdag fold is represented by a brachianticline, 20-25 km long and 4-6 km wide. Brachianticline has a sharply asymmet- rical structure. The southwestern limb is steep, and inclined at an angle of 25-450, while the northeastern limb is flat and characterized by an inclination angle of 7-250. As a result of the analysis of the cross-sections of deep wells drilled in the field, it was determined that Mesozoic, Paleogene-Miocene, and Pliocene-Anthropogenic sediments are developed in the section of the fold. Sediments repre- senting the cross-section are characterized by high reservoir properties. Geological-geophysical works are carried out in the field. Core materials were taken from wells. The lithological-petrophysical characteristics – carbonate, porosity, and permeability of reservoir rocks have been determined according to core samples taken from exploration wells drilled in the field. The lithological-petrophysical characteristic regularities of change were investigated depending on depth.
{"title":"Analysis of structural-tectonic and petrophysical features of productive horizons of Mishovdag fold","authors":"Vagif M. Kаrimov, Shura A. Ganbarova, Mehriban M. Ismayilova","doi":"10.15421/112344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/112344","url":null,"abstract":"
 
 
 The article analyzes the geological structure, lithofascial, tectonic, and morpho- logical features of the Mishovdag oil field, which is a productive area in terms of oil content. Morphologically, it represents a brachianticlinal fold located in the north-west and south-east directions. The Mishovdag fold is located on the Kalamaddin-Bandovan anticline zone between the Kichik Harami (in the northeast) and Galmaz (in the northwest) structures. The Mishovdag-Galmaz part of the anticlinal zone extends in the sub-southern direction. The structures included in the zone are represented on the surface mainly by Aghjagil, Absheron, and ancient Khazar sediments. Productive layer sediments come to the surface in few areas. The tectonic movements and activity of mud volcanoes (active or buried) have left characteristic traces in the geological structure of the research area. Brachianticlinal and other types of structures were formed here. Under the strong influence of tectonic movements, the layers forming them were deformed and broken into blocks by regional tectonic faults. The anticlinal structures of the zone are complicated by longitudinal and latitudinal faults. The Mishovdag fold is represented by a brachianticline, 20-25 km long and 4-6 km wide. Brachianticline has a sharply asymmet- rical structure. The southwestern limb is steep, and inclined at an angle of 25-450, while the northeastern limb is flat and characterized by an inclination angle of 7-250. As a result of the analysis of the cross-sections of deep wells drilled in the field, it was determined that Mesozoic, Paleogene-Miocene, and Pliocene-Anthropogenic sediments are developed in the section of the fold. Sediments repre- senting the cross-section are characterized by high reservoir properties. Geological-geophysical works are carried out in the field. Core materials were taken from wells. The lithological-petrophysical characteristics – carbonate, porosity, and permeability of reservoir rocks have been determined according to core samples taken from exploration wells drilled in the field. The lithological-petrophysical characteristic regularities of change were investigated depending on depth.
 
 
","PeriodicalId":42282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135866440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Considering that flood risk is one of the greatest natural hazards threatening human beings, the standard approach of flood risk management is mostly based on structural mea- sures giving less importance to uncertainty as a main factor. The robustness leads frequently to failures in the structural measures as a factor of uncertainty, in addition to other factors like changes in hazard comportment. The current study represents an evaluation of flood policy in Annaba city, how decision-makers deal with this issue, and how to reduce exposure and susceptibility factors. The evaluation is based on the study of flood risk components, hazard amount, vulnerability degree and people’s perception of flood risk. The study also assesses how people handle flood risk and their capability to cope with extreme events. A survey method was used to assess the potential risks as it involves analyzing different flood risk aspects by conducting a survey through questioning local residents. We can state that exposure is highly affected by the number and density of the population characterized by the high probability of human and material losses in the study area. On the other hand, the vulnerability operates on a smaller scale that increases the capacity of flood risk to affect humans and other components of the environment. This study affirms that the uncertainty in hazard determination forecasting and misevaluation of social vulnerability leads inevitably to devastating consequences in the case of an exceptional event. Moreover, the behaviour of citizens during and after disaster phases can have a key role in flood risk management. Taking into consideration complexities related to social behaviour enhances the outcome of scenarios that lead consequently to more realistic forecasting. These findings concluded that the risk has always existed, i.e., the notion of «zero risk» never exists by natural laws. Knowing that risk management is the only way to deal with such issues, we highlight the importance of urban governance that integrates all actors without exclusion, based on a partnership aimed at obtaining optimal results. The essential principle of this mode of management is the reduction of economic and human losses.
{"title":"Impact of social vulnerability assessment on flood risk management processes in the urban environment in Annaba province","authors":"Djamaleddine Kesmia, Rabah Zennir, Nadiia Dovbash, Aissa Benselhoub","doi":"10.15421/112345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/112345","url":null,"abstract":"
 
 
 Considering that flood risk is one of the greatest natural hazards threatening human beings, the standard approach of flood risk management is mostly based on structural mea- sures giving less importance to uncertainty as a main factor. The robustness leads frequently to failures in the structural measures as a factor of uncertainty, in addition to other factors like changes in hazard comportment. The current study represents an evaluation of flood policy in Annaba city, how decision-makers deal with this issue, and how to reduce exposure and susceptibility factors. The evaluation is based on the study of flood risk components, hazard amount, vulnerability degree and people’s perception of flood risk. The study also assesses how people handle flood risk and their capability to cope with extreme events. A survey method was used to assess the potential risks as it involves analyzing different flood risk aspects by conducting a survey through questioning local residents. We can state that exposure is highly affected by the number and density of the population characterized by the high probability of human and material losses in the study area. On the other hand, the vulnerability operates on a smaller scale that increases the capacity of flood risk to affect humans and other components of the environment. This study affirms that the uncertainty in hazard determination forecasting and misevaluation of social vulnerability leads inevitably to devastating consequences in the case of an exceptional event. Moreover, the behaviour of citizens during and after disaster phases can have a key role in flood risk management. Taking into consideration complexities related to social behaviour enhances the outcome of scenarios that lead consequently to more realistic forecasting. These findings concluded that the risk has always existed, i.e., the notion of «zero risk» never exists by natural laws. Knowing that risk management is the only way to deal with such issues, we highlight the importance of urban governance that integrates all actors without exclusion, based on a partnership aimed at obtaining optimal results. The essential principle of this mode of management is the reduction of economic and human losses.
 
 
","PeriodicalId":42282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135866439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vitalii L. Bezsonnyi, Leonid D. Plyatsuk, Roman V. Ponomarenko, Vitalii V. Asotskyi, Oleg V. Tretyakov, Maxim M. Zhuravskij
The risk assessment provides a basis for comparing, ranking and prioritizing risks and assessing environmental impacts as functions of stressors in a river basin. The main sourc- es of pollution of the Dnipro Reservoir are discharge of wastewater into the river without proper treatment; uncontrolled discharges of wastewater; non-compliance with the regime in bank strips and water-protection zones; and bank erosion. Health-risk assessment includes four main stages: hazard identification, exposure assessment, dose-effect assessment, and risk characterization. We determined that according to all parameters – except BSK5, HSC, and suspended matter – the water meets the regulation standards of the Hygienic Water-Quality Standards of Water Bodies to Meet the Drinking, Household and Other Needs of Population, but does not reach the upper limit of the 1st quality class according to DSTU 4808:2007. Also, the average annual values were significantly above the minimum values of the examined parameters. There was a decrease in the level of BOD5 at the checkpoints in the city of Dnipro, indicating invasion of the watercourse (points 4 and 5) by substances that inhibit biochemical processes. The same parameter decreased at the checkpoint where the River leaves the city limits and further downstream, suggesting an influx of organic compounds. The oxygen content was observed to decline in the part of the watercourse located in the city (points 4 – 8) and increase in the middle and lower parts of the reservoir. There was also seen a trend of growth of sulfates, nitrogen compounds, phosphates, synthetic surfactants and COD at the control checkpoints located within the city of Dnipro. As a result of the risk assessment of the impact of anthropogenic activities of the Dnipro agglomeration on the Dnipro Reservoir, we determined that nitrites, nitrates and phosphates and suspended solids are the priority substances in the list. This can impose negative impacts on the health, causing mutagenic and carcinogenic effects, and enhance the eutrophication of the surface water. The Dnipro agglomeration has been causing a negative ecological impact on the Dnipro Reservoir, increasing the risk value from 0.999999206 (checkpoint 3, before the city of Kamianske) to 0.999999924 (checkpoint 6, where the River leaves the city limits).
{"title":"Integrated assessment of the surface source of water supply according to environmental-risk indicators","authors":"Vitalii L. Bezsonnyi, Leonid D. Plyatsuk, Roman V. Ponomarenko, Vitalii V. Asotskyi, Oleg V. Tretyakov, Maxim M. Zhuravskij","doi":"10.15421/112341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/112341","url":null,"abstract":"
 
 
 The risk assessment provides a basis for comparing, ranking and prioritizing risks and assessing environmental impacts as functions of stressors in a river basin. The main sourc- es of pollution of the Dnipro Reservoir are discharge of wastewater into the river without proper treatment; uncontrolled discharges of wastewater; non-compliance with the regime in bank strips and water-protection zones; and bank erosion. Health-risk assessment includes four main stages: hazard identification, exposure assessment, dose-effect assessment, and risk characterization. We determined that according to all parameters – except BSK5, HSC, and suspended matter – the water meets the regulation standards of the Hygienic Water-Quality Standards of Water Bodies to Meet the Drinking, Household and Other Needs of Population, but does not reach the upper limit of the 1st quality class according to DSTU 4808:2007. Also, the average annual values were significantly above the minimum values of the examined parameters. There was a decrease in the level of BOD5 at the checkpoints in the city of Dnipro, indicating invasion of the watercourse (points 4 and 5) by substances that inhibit biochemical processes. The same parameter decreased at the checkpoint where the River leaves the city limits and further downstream, suggesting an influx of organic compounds. The oxygen content was observed to decline in the part of the watercourse located in the city (points 4 – 8) and increase in the middle and lower parts of the reservoir. There was also seen a trend of growth of sulfates, nitrogen compounds, phosphates, synthetic surfactants and COD at the control checkpoints located within the city of Dnipro. As a result of the risk assessment of the impact of anthropogenic activities of the Dnipro agglomeration on the Dnipro Reservoir, we determined that nitrites, nitrates and phosphates and suspended solids are the priority substances in the list. This can impose negative impacts on the health, causing mutagenic and carcinogenic effects, and enhance the eutrophication of the surface water. The Dnipro agglomeration has been causing a negative ecological impact on the Dnipro Reservoir, increasing the risk value from 0.999999206 (checkpoint 3, before the city of Kamianske) to 0.999999924 (checkpoint 6, where the River leaves the city limits).
 
 
","PeriodicalId":42282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology","volume":"315 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135866432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oleksandr S. Bonchkovskyi, Pavlo O. Ostapenko, Volodymyr M. Shvaiko, Andrii S. Bonchkovskyi
The war is damaging one of Ukraine’s main assets its soil resources. Soil takes the brunt of military operations, suffers the most contamination and, as an inert ecosystem com- ponent, can bear the consequences of war for a long time. Thus, the assessment of the degree of soil disturbance and contamination enables us to estimate the consequences of the ecocide carried out by the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine. The article presents preliminary research on the impact of the war on the soil cover of arable land in the Kyinska territorial hromada (Chernihiv region), where warfare lasted only a month, but during this short time, they caused irreparable damage to the environment. The study was conducted based on the analysis of high-resolution satellite imagery by Maxar. 4914 craters were identified in the Kyinska hromada, including 2912 craters within arable land, ranging in diameter from 0.5 to 13.8 m. According to the morphometric parameters of the craters, the probable caliber of the ammunition and the volume of soil displaced were estimated, which is 3136 m3. It is proposed to distinguish bombturbation and contamination zones aroundthe craters, which differ in the degree and nature of their impact on the soil. In the bombturbation zone, the soil was redeposited, ejected, displaced, compacted, deformed, and heavily contaminated, whereas in the contamination zone, the soil was mostly physically undisturbed, however, slightly contaminated by explosives, shells, and bomb fragments. The estimated area of both zones was determined to be 44.3 hectares for the bombturbation zone and 386.9 hectares for the contamination zone. Areas of possible soil compaction and deformation due to the maneuvers of heavy military vehicles were identified. Moreover, the issue of the high risk of soil contamination with heavy metals as a result of shells and bombs exploding was considered. The contamination is apparently limited to the contamination zone. Over time, vertical and horizontal migration of heavy metals can lead to secondary risk of contamination with heavy metals. Furthermore, geomorphological hazards can occur on the slopes and at the bottom of craters, leading to engineering complications of the territory, unfavorable physical and chemical processes in the soil, and an expansion of the contamination zone. In accordance with the Methodology set out in the Order of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine No. 167 dated 04.04.2022, the amount of damage from soil contamination of arable land in the Kyinska territorial hromada was calculated at 192.2 million UAH.
{"title":"Remote sensing as a key tool for assessing war-induced damage to soil cover in Ukraine (the case study of Kyinska territorial hromada)","authors":"Oleksandr S. Bonchkovskyi, Pavlo O. Ostapenko, Volodymyr M. Shvaiko, Andrii S. Bonchkovskyi","doi":"10.15421/112342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/112342","url":null,"abstract":"
 
 
 The war is damaging one of Ukraine’s main assets its soil resources. Soil takes the brunt of military operations, suffers the most contamination and, as an inert ecosystem com- ponent, can bear the consequences of war for a long time. Thus, the assessment of the degree of soil disturbance and contamination enables us to estimate the consequences of the ecocide carried out by the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine. The article presents preliminary research on the impact of the war on the soil cover of arable land in the Kyinska territorial hromada (Chernihiv region), where warfare lasted only a month, but during this short time, they caused irreparable damage to the environment. The study was conducted based on the analysis of high-resolution satellite imagery by Maxar. 4914 craters were identified in the Kyinska hromada, including 2912 craters within arable land, ranging in diameter from 0.5 to 13.8 m. According to the morphometric parameters of the craters, the probable caliber of the ammunition and the volume of soil displaced were estimated, which is 3136 m3. It is proposed to distinguish bombturbation and contamination zones aroundthe craters, which differ in the degree and nature of their impact on the soil. In the bombturbation zone, the soil was redeposited, ejected, displaced, compacted, deformed, and heavily contaminated, whereas in the contamination zone, the soil was mostly physically undisturbed, however, slightly contaminated by explosives, shells, and bomb fragments. The estimated area of both zones was determined to be 44.3 hectares for the bombturbation zone and 386.9 hectares for the contamination zone. Areas of possible soil compaction and deformation due to the maneuvers of heavy military vehicles were identified. Moreover, the issue of the high risk of soil contamination with heavy metals as a result of shells and bombs exploding was considered. The contamination is apparently limited to the contamination zone. Over time, vertical and horizontal migration of heavy metals can lead to secondary risk of contamination with heavy metals. Furthermore, geomorphological hazards can occur on the slopes and at the bottom of craters, leading to engineering complications of the territory, unfavorable physical and chemical processes in the soil, and an expansion of the contamination zone. In accordance with the Methodology set out in the Order of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine No. 167 dated 04.04.2022, the amount of damage from soil contamination of arable land in the Kyinska territorial hromada was calculated at 192.2 million UAH.
 
 
","PeriodicalId":42282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135866436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article discusses spatial and time distribution of Cretaceous teschenite-tephrite and essexite-trachybasalt complexes of the Carpathian, Caucasian, North TransBaikal regions. The main aim of the article is a comparative analysis of petrological-mineralogical features of similar complexes located in the Carpathians, North Caucasus and Transbaikal, Georgia in the Khojavand depression in the southeast of the Lesser Caucasus. Rocks of teschenite-tephrite, essexite-trachybasalt complexes were formed in the Cretaceous, early Eocene and Miocene. The differentiates of the considered complexes are localized in graben-like structures. The initial stage of graben formation is associated with the formation of rocks of the essexite-trachybasalt complex. The next stage of this process is associated with the formation of the teschenite-tephrite complex. According to stages of bedding and develop- ment of riftogenic graben structures, the essexite-trachybasalt complex formed first, at a mature stage – teschenite-tephrite one. At the initial stage high titanian olivine subalkaline basaltic melting occurred from the garnet-phlogopite lherzolite substratum. At the second stage – subalkaline picrite melting occurred from this substratum, which is primary for teschenite-tephrite and syenite-trachyte com- plexes. The metasomatized high-titanium phlogopite lherzolite substrate was subjected to melting twice. An earlier stage of melting of the substrate did not exceed 0.1%, from which a high-titanium olivine trachybasalt melt was separated. The second stage of melting of the substrate reached 10-12%. In this case, a subalkaline olivine picrite melt was formed. Evolution of primary meltings occurred in different-depth intermediate foci and intrusive chambers. The main factor in evolution along with controlling geodynamic regime was gravitational-crystallized differentiation. The identified mineral parageneses, starting from the early stage of the evolution of the subalkaline picrite melt to the late one, actually characterize the stages of crystallization of the noted melt in the intrusive chamber and intermediate chambers. The Eocene and Miocene teschenite-tephrite and essexite-trachybasalt complexes are characterized by a smaller areal distribution and petrographic diversity. Obviously, during this period, the intense activation of transverse magma-feeding faults contributed to the rapid uplift of the subalkaline picrite melt into the upper horizons of the earth’s crust.
{"title":"Petrological-mineralogical evolutional transformation of Cretaceous teschenite-tephrite, syenite-trachyte, and essexite-trachybasalt primary meltings (Carpathian, Caucasian and North TransBaikal regions)","authors":"Gultekin J. Babayeva","doi":"10.15421/112340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/112340","url":null,"abstract":"
 
 
 This article discusses spatial and time distribution of Cretaceous teschenite-tephrite and essexite-trachybasalt complexes of the Carpathian, Caucasian, North TransBaikal regions. The main aim of the article is a comparative analysis of petrological-mineralogical features of similar complexes located in the Carpathians, North Caucasus and Transbaikal, Georgia in the Khojavand depression in the southeast of the Lesser Caucasus. Rocks of teschenite-tephrite, essexite-trachybasalt complexes were formed in the Cretaceous, early Eocene and Miocene. The differentiates of the considered complexes are localized in graben-like structures. The initial stage of graben formation is associated with the formation of rocks of the essexite-trachybasalt complex. The next stage of this process is associated with the formation of the teschenite-tephrite complex. According to stages of bedding and develop- ment of riftogenic graben structures, the essexite-trachybasalt complex formed first, at a mature stage – teschenite-tephrite one. At the initial stage high titanian olivine subalkaline basaltic melting occurred from the garnet-phlogopite lherzolite substratum. At the second stage – subalkaline picrite melting occurred from this substratum, which is primary for teschenite-tephrite and syenite-trachyte com- plexes. The metasomatized high-titanium phlogopite lherzolite substrate was subjected to melting twice. An earlier stage of melting of the substrate did not exceed 0.1%, from which a high-titanium olivine trachybasalt melt was separated. The second stage of melting of the substrate reached 10-12%. In this case, a subalkaline olivine picrite melt was formed. Evolution of primary meltings occurred in different-depth intermediate foci and intrusive chambers. The main factor in evolution along with controlling geodynamic regime was gravitational-crystallized differentiation. The identified mineral parageneses, starting from the early stage of the evolution of the subalkaline picrite melt to the late one, actually characterize the stages of crystallization of the noted melt in the intrusive chamber and intermediate chambers. The Eocene and Miocene teschenite-tephrite and essexite-trachybasalt complexes are characterized by a smaller areal distribution and petrographic diversity. Obviously, during this period, the intense activation of transverse magma-feeding faults contributed to the rapid uplift of the subalkaline picrite melt into the upper horizons of the earth’s crust.
 
 
","PeriodicalId":42282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135866562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cities cover 3% of the earth’s surface, and Azerbaijani cities cover approximately 2% of the country’s territory. However, as in the world population, more than half of the population of Azerbaijan (52%) lives in cities. This is especially true for coastal cities. Goal: The purpose of the study is to assess the ecological consequences of the development of the Sabirabad city located on the river bank and to prevent future problems. The development and planning of the city of Sabirabad and its surrounding settlements, as well as their analysis, were reflected in the research work. At this time, satellite images of Sabirabad city for 1989, 2014, 2021, 2022 were processed. During the research, satellite images of August 2022 provided by AZERCOSMOS and satellite images of 2021 and 2022 obtained from Landsat 5, Landsat 8 satellites, and Google Earth were used. Studies of a period of about 50 years have been conducted, and territorial development of the city and surrounding settlements and future development forecasts have been prepared. 1:10,000 scale topo plans of the city of Sabirabad and its surrounding settlements from 1975 were used to accurately monitor the development of the borders, and the 2022 border was deciphered by us using satellite images provided by AZERCOSMOS and Google Earth. Also, the development of vegetation as a result of land use, the number and density of constructions in 2022, the absolute height of the relief of the city, the exposure of its slopes, and the density of roads were also analyzed and mapped. As a result of the research, it was found that the ecological situation is tense in Sabirabad urban landscape located on the banks of the Kura and Araz rivers. The reason for this is the denser settlement of the population along the river bank and the fact that the daily lifestyle of the inhabitants depends on the river waters. In recent times, the decrease in the water level in these rivers has aggravated the ecological situation. At the same time, the territory and population of the Sabirabad urban landscape continue to grow. Certain measures should be taken to reduce dependence on river water and reduce the impact of the population on the environment.
{"title":"Basic construction-ecological norms in urban systems and ecogeographic consequences of sustainable development of urban areas (in Sabirabad city representation)","authors":"Shahnaz S. Amanova","doi":"10.15421/112339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/112339","url":null,"abstract":"
 
 
 Cities cover 3% of the earth’s surface, and Azerbaijani cities cover approximately 2% of the country’s territory. However, as in the world population, more than half of the population of Azerbaijan (52%) lives in cities. This is especially true for coastal cities. Goal: The purpose of the study is to assess the ecological consequences of the development of the Sabirabad city located on the river bank and to prevent future problems. The development and planning of the city of Sabirabad and its surrounding settlements, as well as their analysis, were reflected in the research work. At this time, satellite images of Sabirabad city for 1989, 2014, 2021, 2022 were processed. During the research, satellite images of August 2022 provided by AZERCOSMOS and satellite images of 2021 and 2022 obtained from Landsat 5, Landsat 8 satellites, and Google Earth were used. Studies of a period of about 50 years have been conducted, and territorial development of the city and surrounding settlements and future development forecasts have been prepared. 1:10,000 scale topo plans of the city of Sabirabad and its surrounding settlements from 1975 were used to accurately monitor the development of the borders, and the 2022 border was deciphered by us using satellite images provided by AZERCOSMOS and Google Earth. Also, the development of vegetation as a result of land use, the number and density of constructions in 2022, the absolute height of the relief of the city, the exposure of its slopes, and the density of roads were also analyzed and mapped. As a result of the research, it was found that the ecological situation is tense in Sabirabad urban landscape located on the banks of the Kura and Araz rivers. The reason for this is the denser settlement of the population along the river bank and the fact that the daily lifestyle of the inhabitants depends on the river waters. In recent times, the decrease in the water level in these rivers has aggravated the ecological situation. At the same time, the territory and population of the Sabirabad urban landscape continue to grow. Certain measures should be taken to reduce dependence on river water and reduce the impact of the population on the environment.
 
 
","PeriodicalId":42282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135866442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hryhorii I. Denysyk, Alla G. Kiziun, Liudmyla V. Ataman, Inna M. Voina, Olga P. Chyzh
In early XXI, the economic development in landscape complexes of the streambed and floodplain of the Southern Bug has been mostly occurring spontaneously. Our objective was to analyze this process based on available materials so as to develop measures of rational use of the streambed and floodplain of the Southern Bug. We used the paragenetic approach, the principles of complexity and combination; methods of systematization of factors, historical-genetic analysis, and cartographic method. We analyzed anthropogenization of natural landscapes of the streambed and floodplain of the Southern Bug, driven by the main types of economic activities: agriculture, forestry, water economy, industries, recreation tourism, and other. In early XXI century, the main factors of the restructuring of the streambed and floodplain of the Southern Bug were agriculture and recreation tourism. Regarding the areas popular for recreation tourism, those deserving special attention are landscape complexes, streambeds, and flood- plains that have started to be actively used by extreme-sports tourists. Such landscape complexes include cascades of rapids, rocky ar- eas of the floodplain, cliffs adjacent to them, and also a system of water reservoirs on the Southern Bug, in particular Sabariv, Ladyzhyn, Trostianets, and Haivoron Reservoirs. We distinguished negative implications of spontaneous use of the streambed and floodplain, including complete replacement of the natural landscapes by anthropogenic, drying, presence of technogenic elements and objects that are alien to the streambed and floodplain of the Southern Bug, etc. We also must pay attention to the new phenomenon for the landscape of the floodplain of the Southern Bug – steppization. It is becoming more active even within the forest-steppe Middle-Bug region, in particular herbaceous cover and the fauna in floodplain areas that had been subject to irrational drying, overgrazing of cattle near the lower canal pounds of the hydroelectric power plants and dams, where the streambed deepens into the lithogenic base, and excessive recreational loading. We have proposed and substantiated directions of reconstructions of the landscape structure of the streambed and floodplain, sustainable use and protection of their natural resources.
{"title":"Anthropogenization and rational use of the streambed and the floodplain of the Southern Bug","authors":"Hryhorii I. Denysyk, Alla G. Kiziun, Liudmyla V. Ataman, Inna M. Voina, Olga P. Chyzh","doi":"10.15421/112343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/112343","url":null,"abstract":"
 
 
 In early XXI, the economic development in landscape complexes of the streambed and floodplain of the Southern Bug has been mostly occurring spontaneously. Our objective was to analyze this process based on available materials so as to develop measures of rational use of the streambed and floodplain of the Southern Bug. We used the paragenetic approach, the principles of complexity and combination; methods of systematization of factors, historical-genetic analysis, and cartographic method. We analyzed anthropogenization of natural landscapes of the streambed and floodplain of the Southern Bug, driven by the main types of economic activities: agriculture, forestry, water economy, industries, recreation tourism, and other. In early XXI century, the main factors of the restructuring of the streambed and floodplain of the Southern Bug were agriculture and recreation tourism. Regarding the areas popular for recreation tourism, those deserving special attention are landscape complexes, streambeds, and flood- plains that have started to be actively used by extreme-sports tourists. Such landscape complexes include cascades of rapids, rocky ar- eas of the floodplain, cliffs adjacent to them, and also a system of water reservoirs on the Southern Bug, in particular Sabariv, Ladyzhyn, Trostianets, and Haivoron Reservoirs. We distinguished negative implications of spontaneous use of the streambed and floodplain, including complete replacement of the natural landscapes by anthropogenic, drying, presence of technogenic elements and objects that are alien to the streambed and floodplain of the Southern Bug, etc. We also must pay attention to the new phenomenon for the landscape of the floodplain of the Southern Bug – steppization. It is becoming more active even within the forest-steppe Middle-Bug region, in particular herbaceous cover and the fauna in floodplain areas that had been subject to irrational drying, overgrazing of cattle near the lower canal pounds of the hydroelectric power plants and dams, where the streambed deepens into the lithogenic base, and excessive recreational loading. We have proposed and substantiated directions of reconstructions of the landscape structure of the streambed and floodplain, sustainable use and protection of their natural resources.
 
 
","PeriodicalId":42282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135866434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nataliia P. Korohoda, Olga V. Kovtoniuk, Oleksandr O. Halahan
The paper presents the assessment of the functional effectiveness and volumes of erosion-control ecosystem services (ES). Such an assessment is necessary because only a sus- tainable green space is able to provide its ESs to the fullest extent. One of the main functions of urban green areas is soil protection. Its effectiveness determines the volume of this ES – erosion control. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the soil-protection function and the volume of this ES. The identification was based on the use of models for estimating erosion-driven soil removal. For this purpose, according to natural and anthropogenic factors, we substantiated a set of functional-efficiency parameters, by which it is possible to quantify it. These parameters were included as attributes in the database of green areas of Kyiv. In the process of geoinformation modeling, the rates of erosive processes were determined. The efficiency was assessed by comparing the rates of naturally and antropogenically caused erosion and the process of soil formation. The source materials were vector sets of geodata about the relief, soils, and vegetation of the Kyiv territory. The sets were created based on the data about the natural base (landscapes) of the city, remote sensing data, and the field and laboratory studies. The assessment was conducted in 50 selected green areas of Kyiv. By analyzing the geodata, we estimated erosion rate in each of the areas, based on which the green areas were divided into categories according to effectiveness of the soil-protection function. In 14% of the studied green areas, the rate of erosion-caused loss of soil has been over 1 t/ ha/year, so the effectiveness of the soil-protection function in these areas was considered bearable, and the scope of ES provision was average. Another 4% of the green areas have been losing 0.5 to 1 t/ha/year, so the efficiency was near-optimal, and the amount of ES was above-average. In other territories, the erosion rate was insignificant, mainly due to the flat relief, soils with a light granulometric composition, as well as the use of lawn grass in decorating parks, garden squares, etc. In green areas where the erosion rates were the highest – over 2 t/ha/year – in addition to the relief-dependent factors, there were also higher values of the vegetation-cover factor, which can be attributed to a significant percentage of areas with open ground. The use of geoinformation modeling in the assessment of ES volumes is applicable to any green space, and allows one to measure the actual volume of ES, accounting for natural and anthro- pogenic erosion factors.
{"title":"Kyiv green areas: assessment of the functioning efficiency and volumes of ecosystem services for erosion control","authors":"Nataliia P. Korohoda, Olga V. Kovtoniuk, Oleksandr O. Halahan","doi":"10.15421/112346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/112346","url":null,"abstract":"
 
 
 The paper presents the assessment of the functional effectiveness and volumes of erosion-control ecosystem services (ES). Such an assessment is necessary because only a sus- tainable green space is able to provide its ESs to the fullest extent. One of the main functions of urban green areas is soil protection. Its effectiveness determines the volume of this ES – erosion control. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the soil-protection function and the volume of this ES. The identification was based on the use of models for estimating erosion-driven soil removal. For this purpose, according to natural and anthropogenic factors, we substantiated a set of functional-efficiency parameters, by which it is possible to quantify it. These parameters were included as attributes in the database of green areas of Kyiv. In the process of geoinformation modeling, the rates of erosive processes were determined. The efficiency was assessed by comparing the rates of naturally and antropogenically caused erosion and the process of soil formation. The source materials were vector sets of geodata about the relief, soils, and vegetation of the Kyiv territory. The sets were created based on the data about the natural base (landscapes) of the city, remote sensing data, and the field and laboratory studies. The assessment was conducted in 50 selected green areas of Kyiv. By analyzing the geodata, we estimated erosion rate in each of the areas, based on which the green areas were divided into categories according to effectiveness of the soil-protection function. In 14% of the studied green areas, the rate of erosion-caused loss of soil has been over 1 t/ ha/year, so the effectiveness of the soil-protection function in these areas was considered bearable, and the scope of ES provision was average. Another 4% of the green areas have been losing 0.5 to 1 t/ha/year, so the efficiency was near-optimal, and the amount of ES was above-average. In other territories, the erosion rate was insignificant, mainly due to the flat relief, soils with a light granulometric composition, as well as the use of lawn grass in decorating parks, garden squares, etc. In green areas where the erosion rates were the highest – over 2 t/ha/year – in addition to the relief-dependent factors, there were also higher values of the vegetation-cover factor, which can be attributed to a significant percentage of areas with open ground. The use of geoinformation modeling in the assessment of ES volumes is applicable to any green space, and allows one to measure the actual volume of ES, accounting for natural and anthro- pogenic erosion factors.
 
 
","PeriodicalId":42282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135866435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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