O. Kolotukha, Olena L. Myrgorodska, I. Kozynska, T. Bozhuk
Experts predict that the global market of water sports tourism is expected to reach almost $ 850 billion by 2032, with an average annual growth of almost 17% over the next 10 years. At the moment, not a single segment of the world tourism has such a high growth rate. At the same time, we should not forget that water tourism is one of the most technically complex sports. If in other types a tourist can stop on almost any difficult part of the route in order to recuperate, find the best solution, the fast water flow does not allow this. The guarantee of correct actions can be given only by the worked out reaction of each tourist individually and the crew of the tourist vessel as a whole. Therefore, the purpose of the research is professional, incl., assessment of water obstacles, which is extremely important for the safety of tourist sports trips, that are often carried out on the verge of the physical and technical geographical capabilities of their participants. The goal was achieved through the use of such scientific research methods as analytical-statistical, com- parative-geographical, reference and field expeditionary research. The authors have established that water tourism is a rafting of tourists in water areas on various means of rafting – inflatable boats (rafts), kayaks, catamarans, canoes and others with overcoming various obstacles on the water relief – rapids, riffles, river bars and boils, and even waterfalls of different heights. The nature, number and variety of water obstacles determine the technical complexity of the water tourist route. Therefore, the task of scientists is to develop criteria for assessing the complexity of water obstacles so that tourists-athletes, when overcoming them, can compare their tourist experience, technical capabilities of their vessel in order to decide whether they can safely overcome a particular obstacle (go through the route). The authors analyzed a number of classifications for determining the complexity of water obstacles – International, American, S. Chernik’s classification. These classifications differ in the initial categories of complexity assessment of water obstacles and are close enough when assessing more complex obstacles from category IV to VI of complexity. The analysis showed that the international classification is best used in assessing the complexity of local water obstacles (rapids). Instead, either the American classification or the S. Chernik’s classification should be used to assess long water sports routes. Europe has a fairly dense river system and a significant number of rivers suitable for water tourist trips. The maximum category of complexity of European rivers is the sixth (according to any of the classifications). Such level of complexity can be found on the rivers of the Scandinavian Peninsula, the Balkan Peninsula, and the North Caucasus. The potential for the development of water sports tourism is not evenly distributed between European countries. A special
{"title":"Geographic assessment of obstacles on European rivers for water sports tourism","authors":"O. Kolotukha, Olena L. Myrgorodska, I. Kozynska, T. Bozhuk","doi":"10.15421/112328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/112328","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Experts predict that the global market of water sports tourism is expected to reach almost $ 850 billion by 2032, with an average annual growth of almost 17% over the next 10 years. At the moment, not a single segment of the world tourism has such a high growth rate. At the same time, we should not forget that water tourism is one of the most technically complex sports. If in other types a tourist can stop on almost any difficult part of the route in order to recuperate, find the best solution, the fast water flow does not allow this. The guarantee of correct actions can be given only by the worked out reaction of each tourist individually and the crew of the tourist vessel as a whole. Therefore, the purpose of the research is professional, incl., assessment of water obstacles, which is extremely important for the safety of tourist sports trips, that are often carried out on the verge of the physical and technical geographical capabilities of their participants. The goal was achieved through the use of such scientific research methods as analytical-statistical, com- parative-geographical, reference and field expeditionary research. The authors have established that water tourism is a rafting of tourists in water areas on various means of rafting – inflatable boats (rafts), kayaks, catamarans, canoes and others with overcoming various obstacles on the water relief – rapids, riffles, river bars and boils, and even waterfalls of different heights. The nature, number and variety of water obstacles determine the technical complexity of the water tourist route. Therefore, the task of scientists is to develop criteria for assessing the complexity of water obstacles so that tourists-athletes, when overcoming them, can compare their tourist experience, technical capabilities of their vessel in order to decide whether they can safely overcome a particular obstacle (go through the route). The authors analyzed a number of classifications for determining the complexity of water obstacles – International, American, S. Chernik’s classification. These classifications differ in the initial categories of complexity assessment of water obstacles and are close enough when assessing more complex obstacles from category IV to VI of complexity. The analysis showed that the international classification is best used in assessing the complexity of local water obstacles (rapids). Instead, either the American classification or the S. Chernik’s classification should be used to assess long water sports routes. Europe has a fairly dense river system and a significant number of rivers suitable for water tourist trips. The maximum category of complexity of European rivers is the sixth (according to any of the classifications). Such level of complexity can be found on the rivers of the Scandinavian Peninsula, the Balkan Peninsula, and the North Caucasus. The potential for the development of water sports tourism is not evenly distributed between European countries. A special ","PeriodicalId":42282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80747467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is focused on the relatively new terms in the Earth Sciences – geodiver- sity, geological heritage, geoconservation, geosites, geoparks – and their practical usage in Ukraine. The diversity of geological processes that have occurred in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, its structural-tectonic position, and the long complex history of its development, since the Precambrian until the Quaternary Epoch, combined with a large amount of natural and mining-exposed outcrops, has made it rich in various objects of geological heritage. The article gives a brief analysis of history of how the Oblast’s objects of geoecological heritage have been provided with an official state-protected status and examines those with promising natural geological monuments (geosites) that require protection. We emphasize the problem of how little attention the government nature-protection organizations of Ukraine are paying to the necessity of preserving the geological heritage, despite all positive changes in its protection at international level, including establishment of European Association for the Conservation of Geological Heritage, and a steadily growing UNESCO-supported movement of establishing geoparks, etc. We provide a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the geosites and their types according to the modern classification. We recommend analyzing a possibility of including one of the promising objects that is located in the Dniprovi Porohy Regional Landscape Park to the European Register of Geological Heritage. The paper presents the results of geological monitoring, carried out in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast after publication of the book Geosites of Ukraine, which increased the fund of promising geosites up to 70. According to the criteria by which geosites are chosen, we determined 4 geological monuments that correspond to the state protection level. Most of the objects of local-significance require further field studies, and after examination some of them were found to deserve protection as geosites of national significance. Each of the geological relics from the list, objects which are proposed for the first time, has been given a preliminary characteristic consisting of a geosite’s location, stratigraphical po- sition, tectonic structure, lithological or petrographic composition of the rocks, protected status of the relic.
{"title":"Geodiversity, geological heritage and renewal of the network of geosites of the Dnipropetrovsk region","authors":"V. Manyuk, Vadym V. Maniuk","doi":"10.15421/112330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/112330","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000This paper is focused on the relatively new terms in the Earth Sciences – geodiver- sity, geological heritage, geoconservation, geosites, geoparks – and their practical usage in Ukraine. The diversity of geological processes that have occurred in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, its structural-tectonic position, and the long complex history of its development, since the Precambrian until the Quaternary Epoch, combined with a large amount of natural and mining-exposed outcrops, has made it rich in various objects of geological heritage. The article gives a brief analysis of history of how the Oblast’s objects of geoecological heritage have been provided with an official state-protected status and examines those with promising natural geological monuments (geosites) that require protection. We emphasize the problem of how little attention the government nature-protection organizations of Ukraine are paying to the necessity of preserving the geological heritage, despite all positive changes in its protection at international level, including establishment of European Association for the Conservation of Geological Heritage, and a steadily growing UNESCO-supported movement of establishing geoparks, etc. We provide a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the geosites and their types according to the modern classification. We recommend analyzing a possibility of including one of the promising objects that is located in the Dniprovi Porohy Regional Landscape Park to the European Register of Geological Heritage. The paper presents the results of geological monitoring, carried out in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast after publication of the book Geosites of Ukraine, which increased the fund of promising geosites up to 70. According to the criteria by which geosites are chosen, we determined 4 geological monuments that correspond to the state protection level. Most of the objects of local-significance require further field studies, and after examination some of them were found to deserve protection as geosites of national significance. Each of the geological relics from the list, objects which are proposed for the first time, has been given a preliminary characteristic consisting of a geosite’s location, stratigraphical po- sition, tectonic structure, lithological or petrographic composition of the rocks, protected status of the relic. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":42282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79962483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Nasibova, K. Mukhtarova, S. A. Ganbarova, M. Ismayilova, S. Zeynalova
On the basis of the morphology of the folds, their three-dimensional position, the types of faults and the development of mud volcanism, the features of the spread of compres- sive stresses and their influence on the oil and gas bearing of the Kura and Gabirri interfluve, the Yevlakh-Agjabedi depression and the Godin massif were studied. For this purpose, maps of isomorphs and morphological schemes, positions of local folds on the plan of each of these structural elements were compiled. It has been established that within the depressions, the process of folding took place due to the mechanisms of longitudinal and latitudinal bending, which led to the formation of mostly linear and brachiform folds within them. The high intensity of compressive stresses with- in the Kura and Gabirri interfluve contributed to the development of mud volcanism here, and the increase in their intensity at the end of the Miocene led to the emergence of disharmony here in the structural plans between the Cretaceous-Eocene and Oligocene-Quater- nary complexes of sediments. For this purpose, the development of the Barda and Shirvanli structures located in the Yevlakh-Agjabedi depression along the section was investigated and it was determined that they had an uneven development. The Shirvanli fold, which is located in the southwestern zone of the region, had a height of 50-70 m according to the top of the Late Cretaceous. According to the top of the Paleocene, it reached a height of 150 m, and according to the top of the carbonate layer, which forms the lower part of the section of the Eocene, a fold developed and reached a height of 300 m. The Shirvanli fold, which began to form in the Eocene, developed more intensively in the Maikop age sediments. The reason for this was the high mobility of clay sediments along the section and the activation of compressive stress. The development of the Shirvanli structure in the Cretaceous proves its hereditary origin. The Barda fold, located in the northeast part of the Shirvanli fold, according to the top of the Eocene express itself as a structural terrace. It does not express itself as a structure by the bottom of Paleocene and the washed surface of the Cretaceous sediments complexes, but according to the top of the Maikop sedimentary complex, it is a local fold with a height greater than 300 m. It was determined that the thickness of Maikop sediments in the core of the Barda fold confirms that Maikop clays play a key role in the development of the fold. At the same time, the significant decrease in the thickness of the Sarmatian and Chokrak sediments in the crest part of the mentioned fold is indicative of its syn-depositional development in the same time interval. As it is clear from the morphological and developmental features of both mentioned folds , they are of diapiric origin, but due to the relatively weak development of compressive stresses, the low thickness of the sedimentary layer lying on the Maikop sediments, th
{"title":"The influence of compressive stresses on folding in the Middle Kura depression and the Turkmen shelf","authors":"G. Nasibova, K. Mukhtarova, S. A. Ganbarova, M. Ismayilova, S. Zeynalova","doi":"10.15421/112332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/112332","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000On the basis of the morphology of the folds, their three-dimensional position, the types of faults and the development of mud volcanism, the features of the spread of compres- sive stresses and their influence on the oil and gas bearing of the Kura and Gabirri interfluve, the Yevlakh-Agjabedi depression and the Godin massif were studied. For this purpose, maps of isomorphs and morphological schemes, positions of local folds on the plan of each of these structural elements were compiled. It has been established that within the depressions, the process of folding took place due to the mechanisms of longitudinal and latitudinal bending, which led to the formation of mostly linear and brachiform folds within them. The high intensity of compressive stresses with- in the Kura and Gabirri interfluve contributed to the development of mud volcanism here, and the increase in their intensity at the end of the Miocene led to the emergence of disharmony here in the structural plans between the Cretaceous-Eocene and Oligocene-Quater- nary complexes of sediments. For this purpose, the development of the Barda and Shirvanli structures located in the Yevlakh-Agjabedi depression along the section was investigated and it was determined that they had an uneven development. The Shirvanli fold, which is located in the southwestern zone of the region, had a height of 50-70 m according to the top of the Late Cretaceous. According to the top of the Paleocene, it reached a height of 150 m, and according to the top of the carbonate layer, which forms the lower part of the section of the Eocene, a fold developed and reached a height of 300 m. The Shirvanli fold, which began to form in the Eocene, developed more intensively in the Maikop age sediments. The reason for this was the high mobility of clay sediments along the section and the activation of compressive stress. The development of the Shirvanli structure in the Cretaceous proves its hereditary origin. The Barda fold, located in the northeast part of the Shirvanli fold, according to the top of the Eocene express itself as a structural terrace. It does not express itself as a structure by the bottom of Paleocene and the washed surface of the Cretaceous sediments complexes, but according to the top of the Maikop sedimentary complex, it is a local fold with a height greater than 300 m. It was determined that the thickness of Maikop sediments in the core of the Barda fold confirms that Maikop clays play a key role in the development of the fold. At the same time, the significant decrease in the thickness of the Sarmatian and Chokrak sediments in the crest part of the mentioned fold is indicative of its syn-depositional development in the same time interval. As it is clear from the morphological and developmental features of both mentioned folds , they are of diapiric origin, but due to the relatively weak development of compressive stresses, the low thickness of the sedimentary layer lying on the Maikop sediments, th","PeriodicalId":42282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79370153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Khilchevskyi, V. Leta, N. Sherstyuk, O. Pylypovych, M. Zabokrytska, M. Pasichnyk, O. Tsvietaieva
The purpose of this study is to analyse the hydrochemical regime and surface water quality of the upper reaches of the Tisza River from its source to Tiachiv, which also includes the transboundary section of the river. The data of the Borys Sreznevskyi Central Geophysical Observatory of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine for the period 1984-2018, as well as the results of route surveys during 2015-2018 served as materials for the study. The hydrological parameters of the river, in particular the level and flow of water, the distribution of the flow and the change of power sources throughout the year were analysed. Based on of the collected materials, a detailed analysis of the hydrochemical indicators of the water quality of the Tisza, Black Tisza, and White Tisza rivers was carried out. During the research, the natural conditions of the territory and economic activity were studied and their influence on the values of physic-chemical indicators, main ions and mineralization of water, biogenic substances, heavy metals and specific pollutants was analysed. The ratio of seasonal, average annual, average multi-year and maximum permissible concentra-tions (MPC) of hydro-chemical indicators was considered to determine their seasonal variability and multi-year dynamics. The role of natural factors in the formation of the chemical composition of river waters is determined, and the main sources of anthropogenic influence are also indicated. Seasonal variability of the indicated groups of indicators was also analysed considering different phases of river water content. It was determined that the waters of the headwaters of the Tisza River are calcium carbonate, moderately fresh with average mineralization (192-245 mg∙dm-3) and clear seasonal variability. Cases of increased concentrations of nitrogen-containing compounds in the waters of the upper reaches of the Tisza River due to the intensive decomposition of organic substances from house- hold wastewater were revealed. High concentrations of iron in river waters were recorded, which is related to the peculiarities of the geological structure of the territory. The seasonal variability of the content of synthetic surfactants was established. A decrease in the content of specific pollutants during the study period was observed.
{"title":"Hydrochemical characteristics of the Upper reaches of the Tisza River","authors":"V. Khilchevskyi, V. Leta, N. Sherstyuk, O. Pylypovych, M. Zabokrytska, M. Pasichnyk, O. Tsvietaieva","doi":"10.15421/112327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/112327","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The purpose of this study is to analyse the hydrochemical regime and surface water quality of the upper reaches of the Tisza River from its source to Tiachiv, which also includes the transboundary section of the river. The data of the Borys Sreznevskyi Central Geophysical Observatory of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine for the period 1984-2018, as well as the results of route surveys during 2015-2018 served as materials for the study. The hydrological parameters of the river, in particular the level and flow of water, the distribution of the flow and the change of power sources throughout the year were analysed. Based on of the collected materials, a detailed analysis of the hydrochemical indicators of the water quality of the Tisza, Black Tisza, and White Tisza rivers was carried out. During the research, the natural conditions of the territory and economic activity were studied and their influence on the values of physic-chemical indicators, main ions and mineralization of water, biogenic substances, heavy metals and specific pollutants was analysed. The ratio of seasonal, average annual, average multi-year and maximum permissible concentra-tions (MPC) of hydro-chemical indicators was considered to determine their seasonal variability and multi-year dynamics. The role of natural factors in the formation of the chemical composition of river waters is determined, and the main sources of anthropogenic influence are also indicated. Seasonal variability of the indicated groups of indicators was also analysed considering different phases of river water content. It was determined that the waters of the headwaters of the Tisza River are calcium carbonate, moderately fresh with average mineralization (192-245 mg∙dm-3) and clear seasonal variability. Cases of increased concentrations of nitrogen-containing compounds in the waters of the upper reaches of the Tisza River due to the intensive decomposition of organic substances from house- hold wastewater were revealed. High concentrations of iron in river waters were recorded, which is related to the peculiarities of the geological structure of the territory. The seasonal variability of the content of synthetic surfactants was established. A decrease in the content of specific pollutants during the study period was observed. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":42282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79213400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reasonable allocation of operational facilities in the context of multilayered reservoirs is the foundation of all scientific and practical work on the development of petroleum fields. The parameters of deposits are subject to changes over the course of development, and therefore the previously identified system of objects should be updated periodically. This is especially true for offshore multilayered fields, mining which is time-limited due to corrosion of hydraulic structures and high costs for their renewal. In this regard, the rate of using offshore deposits should be quite high not only at the initial stages, but also remain so in subsequent mining periods. Maintaining a high rate of mining is often associated with high material costs (drilling new wells to compact the well network, applying new methods of enhanced oil recovery, etc.), which is not economically viable for the fields in long-term operation. As the practice of mining multilayered fields in Azerbaijan shows, the enlargement of objects allows compacting a mining network while maintaining the total number of wells for a field. At the same time, average daily oil production rates significantly increase as a result having included capacities of contiguous objects. The research aimed at identifying similarities or differences between adjacent horizons of the section of multilayered deposits. Based on the delineated boundaries, there are possibilities of their joint operation as one object, separate or simultaneous-separate operation of wells under appropriate technical conditions. As a result of such measures, all the wells are used rationally and the development rates are increased without additional capital investment. Section of objects of the 3rd tectonic block of the Neft Daşları offshore field, confined to the Apsheron archipelago of the South Caspian Depression (SCW). The Rodionov’s method was used for a substantial and reliable identification of stratigraphic boundaries. Preliminarily, based on averaged data on 11 parameters, we calculated ꭓ2g:m critical value at 95% significance, corresponding to m=0.05, which is used to assess the state of boundaries between the horizons. Then, by implementing software, the values for the boundaries of adjacent objects were calculated, comparing which with the critical value allowed for a conclusion about possible joint or separate mining of those productive strata. As a result of the implementation of the corresponding program, the clarity of the boundaries between the objects of the 3rd tectonic block of the offshore Neft Dashlari field was determined. The need for joint exploita- tion of horizons VII and VIIa, KS1 and KS2, as well as KaS1 and KaS2 horizons has been determined, which would optimize the mining of the field and is economically feasible.
多层油藏环境下作业设施的合理配置是油气田开发科学与实际工作的基础。沉积物的参数在开发过程中会发生变化，因此以前确定的物体系统应定期更新。对于海上多层油田尤其如此，由于水力结构的腐蚀和更新成本高，采矿时间有限。在这方面，不仅在最初阶段，而且在以后的采矿期间，使用离岸矿藏的比率应该相当高。维持高采收率通常伴随着高材料成本(钻新井以压缩井网，采用提高石油采收率的新方法等)，这对于长期运营的油田来说在经济上是不可行的。正如阿塞拜疆开采多层油田的实践所表明的那样，扩大目标可以在保持油田油井总数的同时压缩采矿网络。与此同时，由于包含了连续目标的能力，平均每日产油量显着提高。研究的目的是确定多层沉积剖面相邻层位之间的异同点。根据所划定的边界，在适当的技术条件下，它们可以作为一个对象联合作业，也可以分开或同时分开作业。由于这些措施，所有井都得到了合理利用，在没有额外投资的情况下提高了开发速度。Neft da larlar海上油田第三构造块体剖面，局限于南里海坳陷(SCW)的Apsheron群岛。Rodionov的方法被用于大量和可靠的地层边界识别。初步根据11个参数的平均数据，计算出95%显著性下的临界值ꭓ2g:m，对应于m=0.05，用于评价层间边界状态。然后，通过软件实现对相邻目标边界的计算，并与临界值进行比较，得出该生产层可能联合开采或单独开采的结论。通过实施相应的方案，确定了海上Neft Dashlari油田第三构造块体之间边界的清晰度。确定了联合开采VII和VII层、KS1和KS2层以及KaS1和KaS2层的必要性，这将优化该油田的开采，并且在经济上是可行的。
{"title":"Intensification of oil production in long-term developed offshore fields","authors":"Vagif M. Kаrimov, Jafar J. Sharifov, S. Zeynalova","doi":"10.15421/112326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/112326","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Reasonable allocation of operational facilities in the context of multilayered reservoirs is the foundation of all scientific and practical work on the development of petroleum fields. The parameters of deposits are subject to changes over the course of development, and therefore the previously identified system of objects should be updated periodically. This is especially true for offshore multilayered fields, mining which is time-limited due to corrosion of hydraulic structures and high costs for their renewal. In this regard, the rate of using offshore deposits should be quite high not only at the initial stages, but also remain so in subsequent mining periods. Maintaining a high rate of mining is often associated with high material costs (drilling new wells to compact the well network, applying new methods of enhanced oil recovery, etc.), which is not economically viable for the fields in long-term operation. As the practice of mining multilayered fields in Azerbaijan shows, the enlargement of objects allows compacting a mining network while maintaining the total number of wells for a field. At the same time, average daily oil production rates significantly increase as a result having included capacities of contiguous objects. The research aimed at identifying similarities or differences between adjacent horizons of the section of multilayered deposits. Based on the delineated boundaries, there are possibilities of their joint operation as one object, separate or simultaneous-separate operation of wells under appropriate technical conditions. As a result of such measures, all the wells are used rationally and the development rates are increased without additional capital investment. Section of objects of the 3rd tectonic block of the Neft Daşları offshore field, confined to the Apsheron archipelago of the South Caspian Depression (SCW). The Rodionov’s method was used for a substantial and reliable identification of stratigraphic boundaries. Preliminarily, based on averaged data on 11 parameters, we calculated ꭓ2g:m critical value at 95% significance, corresponding to m=0.05, which is used to assess the state of boundaries between the horizons. Then, by implementing software, the values for the boundaries of adjacent objects were calculated, comparing which with the critical value allowed for a conclusion about possible joint or separate mining of those productive strata. As a result of the implementation of the corresponding program, the clarity of the boundaries between the objects of the 3rd tectonic block of the offshore Neft Dashlari field was determined. The need for joint exploita- tion of horizons VII and VIIa, KS1 and KS2, as well as KaS1 and KaS2 horizons has been determined, which would optimize the mining of the field and is economically feasible. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":42282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82481230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. I. Hryniuk, L. Arkhypova, S. Kachala, Yaroslava S. Korobeynikova, O. Pobigun, M. Pokolodna
The Carpathian region has a high tourist and recreational potential for the develop- ment of cultural and educational tourism for both domestic and foreign tourists. The purpose of this scientific work is to assess the attractiveness of the material objects of the historical and cultural heritage of the Carpathian region based on the results of the survey of respondents, which were obtained during a sociological study within the framework of the «Carpathian Cultural Route» project. The subject of the study is the analysis of the results of a questionnaire survey of respondents regarding the attractiveness of historical and cultural objects in the Ivano-Frankivsk and Transcarpathian regions. The object of the research is tourists who visited historical and cultural sites in the Ivano-Frankivsk and Transcarpathian regions. The originality of the study is that the authors for the first time assessed the attractiveness of material objects of the historical and cultural heritage of the Carpathian region by improving the criteria based on processing the answers of respondents to a questionnaire. As a result, 264 respondents over the age of 18 who visited historical and cultural sites and used tourist services in the Carpathian region gave answers. It was found that 92% of respondents from the total sample are citizens of Ukraine, 31.1% are people aged 30 to 39 years. The largest share of tourists recorded in the city of Ivano-Frankivsk, which is 22% of the total number of surveyed respondents, which indicates that tourists are most attracted by material objects of historical and cultural heritage in the regional city, in second place is Nadvirnyanskyi (Ivano-Frankivsk region) and Rakhiv districts (Transcarpathian ragion). The researchers evaluated the attractiveness of material objects of the historical and cultural heri- tage of the Ivano-Frankivsk and Transcarpathian regions according to 8 criteria, 6 of which are proposed by the authors of the study:cultural and historical value, pricing policy, recreational infrastructure, information availability (incl. in a foreign language), territo- rial accessibility to facilities, as well as service quality. As a result, the respondents gave the largest number of answers according to the rating «excellent» according to the criterion «emotional comfort», which was 70.1% of the surveyed tourists, the least – according to the indicator «information availability» (35%), which indicates the limited information about the historical – cultural objects of the Carpathian region. A list of the most popular historical and cultural objects of the Ivano-Frankivsk and Transcarpathian regions was compiled based on the answers of the respondents, and the main directions of further tourist trips were determined. Nadvirna, Verkhovyna districts and the city of Ivano-Frankivsk, which the surveyed respondents plan to visit in the future, made it to the top 3.
{"title":"Assessment of the attractiveness of material objects of the historical and cultural heritage of the Carpathian region","authors":"V. I. Hryniuk, L. Arkhypova, S. Kachala, Yaroslava S. Korobeynikova, O. Pobigun, M. Pokolodna","doi":"10.15421/112325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/112325","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The Carpathian region has a high tourist and recreational potential for the develop- ment of cultural and educational tourism for both domestic and foreign tourists. The purpose of this scientific work is to assess the attractiveness of the material objects of the historical and cultural heritage of the Carpathian region based on the results of the survey of respondents, which were obtained during a sociological study within the framework of the «Carpathian Cultural Route» project. The subject of the study is the analysis of the results of a questionnaire survey of respondents regarding the attractiveness of historical and cultural objects in the Ivano-Frankivsk and Transcarpathian regions. The object of the research is tourists who visited historical and cultural sites in the Ivano-Frankivsk and Transcarpathian regions. The originality of the study is that the authors for the first time assessed the attractiveness of material objects of the historical and cultural heritage of the Carpathian region by improving the criteria based on processing the answers of respondents to a questionnaire. As a result, 264 respondents over the age of 18 who visited historical and cultural sites and used tourist services in the Carpathian region gave answers. It was found that 92% of respondents from the total sample are citizens of Ukraine, 31.1% are people aged 30 to 39 years. The largest share of tourists recorded in the city of Ivano-Frankivsk, which is 22% of the total number of surveyed respondents, which indicates that tourists are most attracted by material objects of historical and cultural heritage in the regional city, in second place is Nadvirnyanskyi (Ivano-Frankivsk region) and Rakhiv districts (Transcarpathian ragion). The researchers evaluated the attractiveness of material objects of the historical and cultural heri- tage of the Ivano-Frankivsk and Transcarpathian regions according to 8 criteria, 6 of which are proposed by the authors of the study:cultural and historical value, pricing policy, recreational infrastructure, information availability (incl. in a foreign language), territo- rial accessibility to facilities, as well as service quality. As a result, the respondents gave the largest number of answers according to the rating «excellent» according to the criterion «emotional comfort», which was 70.1% of the surveyed tourists, the least – according to the indicator «information availability» (35%), which indicates the limited information about the historical – cultural objects of the Carpathian region. A list of the most popular historical and cultural objects of the Ivano-Frankivsk and Transcarpathian regions was compiled based on the answers of the respondents, and the main directions of further tourist trips were determined. Nadvirna, Verkhovyna districts and the city of Ivano-Frankivsk, which the surveyed respondents plan to visit in the future, made it to the top 3. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":42282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81615977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For a more objective assessment of Ukraine’s resource self-sufficiency, monitoring of its natural resource environment, in particular, subsoil, is used, which is in importmant factor in insuring economic stability and security of the state. A component of this scientific and practical issue is the expansion and deepening of the systemic manifestations of the placement of geochemical resources on the territory of Ukraine with the help of economic-geographical zoning schemes and the table of chemical elements, which are considered as fundamental methodological levers. The authors of the article analyzed the most significant generalizing works of Ukrainian and foreign specialists devoted to mineral resources of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to adapt the Periodic table of chemical elements by D. I. Mendeleev for the systematization of ideas and cartographic modeling regarding the distribution of mineral deposits in the section of economic and geographical areas of Ukraine. The positioning and realization of the purpose serves as the evidence base of mineral-raw material self-sufficiency of Ukraine, it is evidence of the mineral-raw material and economic-geographic strengthening of the role of D. I. Mendeleev’s table. The objective idea of mineral and self-sufficiency of Ukraine, its inclusion in the top groups of the states most provided with the most valuable types of minerals is strengthened and the high level of availability of mineral resources in Ukraine in terms of its economic and geographical areas and regions is confirmed. At the same time, a number of mineral deposits in modern socio-economic conditions are preserved and not used. For the first time a cartographic interpretation of the periodic table of chemical elements (D.I. Mendeleev’s table) is given, which is reinforced by data on the distribution of mineral resources and minerals in terms of economic and geographical regions and areas of Ukraine. There are 33 chemical elements extracted from more than 100 mineral deposits. The information on geochemical raw materials available in Ukraine is systematized by three items (elements of rock-forming minerals → rock-forming minerals → main deposits), which update the cartograms and map diagrams placed on the diagram. The provisions and conclusions of the article testify to the mineral self-sufficiency of Ukraine and can act as a lever for developing strategies for socio-economic development of the regions of Ukraine. D.I. Mendeleev’s table and its mineral content are positioned as an objective factor in the specialization of Ukraine and the international geographical division of labor. It is noted that the main advantages of the Periodic table of chemical elements, including its structure, logic, objec- tivity, system in relation to the economic and geographical regions of Ukraine are considered as an element of monitoring the mineral component of natural resources of the country, the lever of further development of exploratory geolog
{"title":"Mineral and raw material self-sufficiency of Ukraine: a geographical mensuration","authors":"O. Beidyk, Olexandr Komliev","doi":"10.15421/112320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/112320","url":null,"abstract":"For a more objective assessment of Ukraine’s resource self-sufficiency, monitoring of its natural resource environment, in particular, subsoil, is used, which is in importmant factor in insuring economic stability and security of the state. A component of this scientific and practical issue is the expansion and deepening of the systemic manifestations of the placement of geochemical resources on the territory of Ukraine with the help of economic-geographical zoning schemes and the table of chemical elements, which are considered as fundamental methodological levers. The authors of the article analyzed the most significant generalizing works of Ukrainian and foreign specialists devoted to mineral resources of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to adapt the Periodic table of chemical elements by D. I. Mendeleev for the systematization of ideas and cartographic modeling regarding the distribution of mineral deposits in the section of economic and geographical areas of Ukraine. The positioning and realization of the purpose serves as the evidence base of mineral-raw material self-sufficiency of Ukraine, it is evidence of the mineral-raw material and economic-geographic strengthening of the role of D. I. Mendeleev’s table. The objective idea of mineral and self-sufficiency of Ukraine, its inclusion in the top groups of the states most provided with the most valuable types of minerals is strengthened and the high level of availability of mineral resources in Ukraine in terms of its economic and geographical areas and regions is confirmed. At the same time, a number of mineral deposits in modern socio-economic conditions are preserved and not used. For the first time a cartographic interpretation of the periodic table of chemical elements (D.I. Mendeleev’s table) is given, which is reinforced by data on the distribution of mineral resources and minerals in terms of economic and geographical regions and areas of Ukraine. There are 33 chemical elements extracted from more than 100 mineral deposits. The information on geochemical raw materials available in Ukraine is systematized by three items (elements of rock-forming minerals → rock-forming minerals → main deposits), which update the cartograms and map diagrams placed on the diagram. The provisions and conclusions of the article testify to the mineral self-sufficiency of Ukraine and can act as a lever for developing strategies for socio-economic development of the regions of Ukraine. D.I. Mendeleev’s table and its mineral content are positioned as an objective factor in the specialization of Ukraine and the international geographical division of labor. It is noted that the main advantages of the Periodic table of chemical elements, including its structure, logic, objec- tivity, system in relation to the economic and geographical regions of Ukraine are considered as an element of monitoring the mineral component of natural resources of the country, the lever of further development of exploratory geolog","PeriodicalId":42282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84965423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Hrubinko, H. Humeniuk, V. V. Humeniuk, Tetiana V. Andrusushyn, V. O. Khomenchuk, N. Harmatiy, I. B. Chen
The work purpose is to investigate the water parameters of the Verkhno-Ivachivsk water intake, Ternopil and develop a model of water quality assessment and management. Common methods of hydroecological studies of surface water were used to determine hydrochemical indicators. A model based on fuzzy logic and neural networks implemented in Matlab software was used to assess the water quality of the water intake. As a result of a complex hydroecological study of the water intake, which provides the drinking water majority supply in Ternopil, the content of the main pollutants (compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus, petroleum products, phenols, surface active agents) was determined (May, June, November, January 2019-2020). We compared the obtained indicator values with the ecological regulations and drinking water quality standards and we also assessed the ecological danger by the content of individual substances and the ecotoxicological situation in general. It was established that the water is slightly alkaline, which contributes to the presence of carbon dioxide in the form of a hydrogen carbonate ion, ensuring an environ-mentally acceptable gas regime of water. The reason for water alkalinity is the rotting of organic substances from the agricultural sector. The water quality according to the phosphate indicator is good even in the conditions of intensive supply of phosphates with sewage, due to their transition into insoluble forms and accumulation in sediments (silt), which is also facilitated by the low alkalinity of the water. An increased content of nitrogen compounds (ammonium, nitrates) in the water was revealed. Pollution and disruption of the nitrogen-containing compound cycle can be associated with the inflow of nitrogen compounds from surface runoff water and municipal and household washes, the organic substance decomposition in the agricultural sector and a violation of the production and destruction process ratio. The aquifer significant pollution by anthropogenic origin organic substances is reflected in the value of BOD5 indicator, which is higher than the permissible level. The established values indicate high organic pollution and correlates with the formation of significant ammonia amounts which is a product of anaerobic and aerobic organic substance oxidation. After defuzzification of all neural connections in Matlab program we obtained a model for evaluating the quality of water intake at an average level with an indicator of 1.52, which corresponds to the rating scale - an average level in the range (1.36-2.18).
{"title":"Assessment of the hydro-ecological situation of the Verkhno-Ivachivsk Reservoir in Ternopil using the fuzzy logic apparatus","authors":"V. Hrubinko, H. Humeniuk, V. V. Humeniuk, Tetiana V. Andrusushyn, V. O. Khomenchuk, N. Harmatiy, I. B. Chen","doi":"10.15421/112324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/112324","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The work purpose is to investigate the water parameters of the Verkhno-Ivachivsk water intake, Ternopil and develop a model of water quality assessment and management. Common methods of hydroecological studies of surface water were used to determine hydrochemical indicators. A model based on fuzzy logic and neural networks implemented in Matlab software was used to assess the water quality of the water intake. As a result of a complex hydroecological study of the water intake, which provides the drinking water majority supply in Ternopil, the content of the main pollutants (compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus, petroleum products, phenols, surface active agents) was determined (May, June, November, January 2019-2020). We compared the obtained indicator values with the ecological regulations and drinking water quality standards and we also assessed the ecological danger by the content of individual substances and the ecotoxicological situation in general. It was established that the water is slightly alkaline, which contributes to the presence of carbon dioxide in the form of a hydrogen carbonate ion, ensuring an environ-mentally acceptable gas regime of water. The reason for water alkalinity is the rotting of organic substances from the agricultural sector. The water quality according to the phosphate indicator is good even in the conditions of intensive supply of phosphates with sewage, due to their transition into insoluble forms and accumulation in sediments (silt), which is also facilitated by the low alkalinity of the water. An increased content of nitrogen compounds (ammonium, nitrates) in the water was revealed. Pollution and disruption of the nitrogen-containing compound cycle can be associated with the inflow of nitrogen compounds from surface runoff water and municipal and household washes, the organic substance decomposition in the agricultural sector and a violation of the production and destruction process ratio. The aquifer significant pollution by anthropogenic origin organic substances is reflected in the value of BOD5 indicator, which is higher than the permissible level. The established values indicate high organic pollution and correlates with the formation of significant ammonia amounts which is a product of anaerobic and aerobic organic substance oxidation. After defuzzification of all neural connections in Matlab program we obtained a model for evaluating the quality of water intake at an average level with an indicator of 1.52, which corresponds to the rating scale - an average level in the range (1.36-2.18). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":42282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83843234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vuqar S. Dargahov, Qoshqar V. Mammadov, Intizar F. Nuriyeva, R. Ahmadov
The article analyzes the current situation and dynamics of ecotourism in Azerbaijan, the role of national parks in the development of this sector, and the possibilities of using natural and cultural heritage resources for ecotourism. The growing demand for ecotourism on the international tourism market is based on the joint use of the existing potential of natural and cultural heritage, which implies its implementation on the liberated territories. The article shows the importance of ecotourism products offered by Azerbaijan on the international tourism market, especially using the potential of national parks. The potential of natural heritage prevails in the organization of ecotourism corridors. Offering tourists new ecotourism routes increases their attractive- ness. The dynamic growth in the number of people using these ecotourism corridors has led to the proliferation of picnic and camping areas in natural areas. The authors have considered the possibilities of using the tourism potential of the vacated lands for ecotourism, eco-cultural heritage tourism, examined the peculiarities of the areas where this type of tourism is spreading and classified them. Ec-otourism routes are offered in the region with guidelines for the joint use of natural and cultural heritage. It has been proven that the strategy of transforming occupied territories into green energy zones and planning smart settlements in harmony with nature contribute to the development of ecotourism. At the same time, it was noted that this encourages the development of alternative types of tourism in recreation areas for the joint use of natural, cultural and ethno-cultural heritage in terms of sustainable tourism. The authors have demonstrated the possibilities of opening new ecotourism corridors in the region, the prospects for their marketing, identifying new destinations and reducing the impact of negative factors on the environment in order to support the development of sustainable tourism.
{"title":"Prospects of using the tourism potential of the liberated territories from the point of view of ecotourism","authors":"Vuqar S. Dargahov, Qoshqar V. Mammadov, Intizar F. Nuriyeva, R. Ahmadov","doi":"10.15421/112321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/112321","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The article analyzes the current situation and dynamics of ecotourism in Azerbaijan, the role of national parks in the development of this sector, and the possibilities of using natural and cultural heritage resources for ecotourism. The growing demand for ecotourism on the international tourism market is based on the joint use of the existing potential of natural and cultural heritage, which implies its implementation on the liberated territories. The article shows the importance of ecotourism products offered by Azerbaijan on the international tourism market, especially using the potential of national parks. The potential of natural heritage prevails in the organization of ecotourism corridors. Offering tourists new ecotourism routes increases their attractive- ness. The dynamic growth in the number of people using these ecotourism corridors has led to the proliferation of picnic and camping areas in natural areas. The authors have considered the possibilities of using the tourism potential of the vacated lands for ecotourism, eco-cultural heritage tourism, examined the peculiarities of the areas where this type of tourism is spreading and classified them. Ec-otourism routes are offered in the region with guidelines for the joint use of natural and cultural heritage. It has been proven that the strategy of transforming occupied territories into green energy zones and planning smart settlements in harmony with nature contribute to the development of ecotourism. At the same time, it was noted that this encourages the development of alternative types of tourism in recreation areas for the joint use of natural, cultural and ethno-cultural heritage in terms of sustainable tourism. The authors have demonstrated the possibilities of opening new ecotourism corridors in the region, the prospects for their marketing, identifying new destinations and reducing the impact of negative factors on the environment in order to support the development of sustainable tourism. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":42282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76280924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Efendiyeva, Maral G. Aliyeva, Matanat J. Hamashayeva
The efficient and complex use of resources of high quality bentonite clays, as well as the application of relatively low quality bentonite clays in accordance with their mineralogical and lithological properties are identified in the article. As Azerbaijan’s oil industry developed, interest in studying the geological structure of bentonite deposits increased. Prospects for bentonite production to reach 1-1.5 million tons of annual productivity in the next 40-50 years are related to the industrial development of the Daşsalakhli deposit, the largest in terms of resources (explored reserves are 180 million tons). The Dashsalakhli field is unique in terms of mineral quality and is one of the largest deposits in the world. Since the Dashsalakhli field has been researched and prepared for industrial development, and taking into account the demand of the world market, it is possible to increase the production and pro- cessing of bentonites by 1.5-2 times with the production of various commodity products in the republic. For this purpose, a unique and powerful “Azbentonite” processing enterprise equipped with modern equipment was established in Baku. One of the most important physical properties of bentonite clay which determines its industrial use is swelling. The swelling of clays is determined by their granulometric and mineral composition, as well as the content of absorbed cations. Massive bentonites have a relatively low density due to the significant moisture content, in most cases greater than 2.09 g/cm3. Attention was paid principally to the study of the degree swelling of the studied clay samples . The process of swelling in clays depends on their mineralogical composition. As is known, according to P.A. Rebinder, clays with a hard crystal lattice are less exposed to swelling. The elastic skeletal lattice of «Dashsalahli» bentonite clay, which is characteristic of other bentonite clays, causes the swelling process to intensify on contact with water. Bentonite clays are char- acterized by high water absorption or water retention capacity compared to other types of clay. One of the important natural properties of bentonites is their dispersibility, which depends on the type and amount of functionally modifiable clay cations .The more alkali metal (usually sodium) cations in the diffuse layer of bentonite particles, the higher the dispersion. In order to comprehensively study the physical and chemical properties of «Dashsalahli» bentonite clay, samples were taken from the northern, southern, western, eastern and central directions of the clay deposit, and research work was carried out. As a result of the research, it was established that «Dashsalahli» bentonite clay belongs to the class of small dispersed, alkali-based montmorillonite clays and is characterized by plastic texture. The composition of these clays is weakly carbonate and consists mainly of quartz and plagioclase minerals. Reconstructive diagnostic and electron-microscopic data
{"title":"Possibility of complex use of bentonite clays and modeling of research processes","authors":"Z. Efendiyeva, Maral G. Aliyeva, Matanat J. Hamashayeva","doi":"10.15421/112322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/112322","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The efficient and complex use of resources of high quality bentonite clays, as well as the application of relatively low quality bentonite clays in accordance with their mineralogical and lithological properties are identified in the article. As Azerbaijan’s oil industry developed, interest in studying the geological structure of bentonite deposits increased. Prospects for bentonite production to reach 1-1.5 million tons of annual productivity in the next 40-50 years are related to the industrial development of the Daşsalakhli deposit, the largest in terms of resources (explored reserves are 180 million tons). The Dashsalakhli field is unique in terms of mineral quality and is one of the largest deposits in the world. Since the Dashsalakhli field has been researched and prepared for industrial development, and taking into account the demand of the world market, it is possible to increase the production and pro- cessing of bentonites by 1.5-2 times with the production of various commodity products in the republic. For this purpose, a unique and powerful “Azbentonite” processing enterprise equipped with modern equipment was established in Baku. One of the most important physical properties of bentonite clay which determines its industrial use is swelling. The swelling of clays is determined by their granulometric and mineral composition, as well as the content of absorbed cations. Massive bentonites have a relatively low density due to the significant moisture content, in most cases greater than 2.09 g/cm3. Attention was paid principally to the study of the degree swelling of the studied clay samples . The process of swelling in clays depends on their mineralogical composition. As is known, according to P.A. Rebinder, clays with a hard crystal lattice are less exposed to swelling. The elastic skeletal lattice of «Dashsalahli» bentonite clay, which is characteristic of other bentonite clays, causes the swelling process to intensify on contact with water. Bentonite clays are char- acterized by high water absorption or water retention capacity compared to other types of clay. One of the important natural properties of bentonites is their dispersibility, which depends on the type and amount of functionally modifiable clay cations .The more alkali metal (usually sodium) cations in the diffuse layer of bentonite particles, the higher the dispersion. In order to comprehensively study the physical and chemical properties of «Dashsalahli» bentonite clay, samples were taken from the northern, southern, western, eastern and central directions of the clay deposit, and research work was carried out. As a result of the research, it was established that «Dashsalahli» bentonite clay belongs to the class of small dispersed, alkali-based montmorillonite clays and is characterized by plastic texture. The composition of these clays is weakly carbonate and consists mainly of quartz and plagioclase minerals. Reconstructive diagnostic and electron-microscopic data ","PeriodicalId":42282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79403684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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