Pub Date : 2018-03-01DOI: 10.1109/MICRORAD.2018.8430725
J. Lahtinen, A. Kovanen, K. Lehtinen, Steen Savstrup Kristensen, Sten Schmidl SØbjrerg, N. Skou, S. D'addio
Anthropogenic Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) within radiometer bands is a serious problem in passive microwave remote sensing. Since this problem is ever-increasing, the next generation satellite radiometers will require efficient methods to mitigate the effects of RFI. In this paper, we present one solution: a spaceborne RFI processor to detect and blank the RFI in real time. The processor was designed to be compatible with the Microwave Imager (MWI) instrument, 18.7 GHz channel, onboard the European MetOp Second Generation satellite system. The developed RFI processor applies the following detection algorithms: (1) anomalous amplitude detection, (2) kurtosis, and (3) cross-frequency. In the processing, the data are divided into sub-samples in time and frequency with fine resolution. The RFI processor can detect and filter out RFI with this fine resolution in real time and then integrate the clean (non-contaminated) subsamples over time and frequency. Thus, a cleaned version of the radiometer data can be downlinked at traditional low data rate. The processing is implemented in a reprogrammable FPGA with high processing capacity, which provides high flexibility. The applied processing bandwidth is 200 MHz (+ 25 MHz transition bands at both sides). The measured performance of the RFI processor corresponds to the simulations and good overall detection capability has been achieved for narrow-band RFI. The power consumption of the RFI processor is approx.12 W (at room temperature) and the mass is approx. 1 kg.
{"title":"Real-Time RFI Processor for the Next Generation Satellite Radiometers","authors":"J. Lahtinen, A. Kovanen, K. Lehtinen, Steen Savstrup Kristensen, Sten Schmidl SØbjrerg, N. Skou, S. D'addio","doi":"10.1109/MICRORAD.2018.8430725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MICRORAD.2018.8430725","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropogenic Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) within radiometer bands is a serious problem in passive microwave remote sensing. Since this problem is ever-increasing, the next generation satellite radiometers will require efficient methods to mitigate the effects of RFI. In this paper, we present one solution: a spaceborne RFI processor to detect and blank the RFI in real time. The processor was designed to be compatible with the Microwave Imager (MWI) instrument, 18.7 GHz channel, onboard the European MetOp Second Generation satellite system. The developed RFI processor applies the following detection algorithms: (1) anomalous amplitude detection, (2) kurtosis, and (3) cross-frequency. In the processing, the data are divided into sub-samples in time and frequency with fine resolution. The RFI processor can detect and filter out RFI with this fine resolution in real time and then integrate the clean (non-contaminated) subsamples over time and frequency. Thus, a cleaned version of the radiometer data can be downlinked at traditional low data rate. The processing is implemented in a reprogrammable FPGA with high processing capacity, which provides high flexibility. The applied processing bandwidth is 200 MHz (+ 25 MHz transition bands at both sides). The measured performance of the RFI processor corresponds to the simulations and good overall detection capability has been achieved for narrow-band RFI. The power consumption of the RFI processor is approx.12 W (at room temperature) and the mass is approx. 1 kg.","PeriodicalId":423162,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 15th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment (MicroRad)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122810834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-01DOI: 10.1109/MICRORAD.2018.8430693
S. Datta, W. Linwood Jones
Conventional satellite intercalibration for microwave imaging radiometers involves a linear two-point calibration approach, over cold ocean scenes and warm ends of the scene brightness temperatures, traditionally over tropical rain forest. Unfortunately, this approach ignores the possibility of non-linear radiometer transfer function, which is often important. This paper discusses a new tool developed to identify large-scale homogeneous desert scenes as possible third calibration targets with brightness temperatures that fall between the conventional cold and warm earth scenes. Previously a prototype “ShowMask” procedure was developed over continental Australia using 10, 18 and 37 GHz Vertical and Horizontal polarized brightness temperatures from GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) data. This paper focus on extending this tool to global scale and including 89 GHz channel in the analysis. Further, by applying the mask, we examine intercalibration results over selected desert targets using GMI-TMI and GMI-AMSR-2 match-ups. Initial results indicate a scene temperature dependence of calibration factor particularly for horizontally polarized channels.
{"title":"Radiometric Inter-Calibration of Microwave Imagers Over Homogeneous Warm Scene Targets","authors":"S. Datta, W. Linwood Jones","doi":"10.1109/MICRORAD.2018.8430693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MICRORAD.2018.8430693","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional satellite intercalibration for microwave imaging radiometers involves a linear two-point calibration approach, over cold ocean scenes and warm ends of the scene brightness temperatures, traditionally over tropical rain forest. Unfortunately, this approach ignores the possibility of non-linear radiometer transfer function, which is often important. This paper discusses a new tool developed to identify large-scale homogeneous desert scenes as possible third calibration targets with brightness temperatures that fall between the conventional cold and warm earth scenes. Previously a prototype “ShowMask” procedure was developed over continental Australia using 10, 18 and 37 GHz Vertical and Horizontal polarized brightness temperatures from GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) data. This paper focus on extending this tool to global scale and including 89 GHz channel in the analysis. Further, by applying the mask, we examine intercalibration results over selected desert targets using GMI-TMI and GMI-AMSR-2 match-ups. Initial results indicate a scene temperature dependence of calibration factor particularly for horizontally polarized channels.","PeriodicalId":423162,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 15th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment (MicroRad)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127924562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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