Viral Hepatit Dergisi-Viral Hepatitis Journal最新文献

{"title":"How Aware are We of the Immune Status of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis A in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients? A Multicenter Retrospective Study from Turkey","authors":"N. Ince, S. Tosun, A. Balkan, M. Uğuz, Nefise Öztoprak Çuvalcı, İlknur Esen Yıldız, T. Yanık, K. Uğurlu, N. Çelik, G. Durmus, G. İskender, S. A. Coşkuner, M. Doğan, P. Ergen, Ramazan Gözüküçük, M. Bekçibaşı","doi":"10.4274/vhd.galenos.2020.2020.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/vhd.galenos.2020.2020.0028","url":null,"abstract":"ÖZ Ad dress for Cor res pon den ce: Nevin İnce MD, Düzce University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Düzce, Turkey Phone: +90 505 350 58 39 E-mail: drnevince@gmail.com ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0002-0129-4536 Re cei ved: 05.08.2020 Ac cep ted: 05.09.2020 ©Copyright 2020 by Viral Hepatitis Society / Viral Hepatitis Journal published by Galenos Publishing House. Amaç: Kronik HCV enfeksiyonu olan ve hepatit A veya hepatit B virüsü ile süperenfeksiyonu olan hastalar, HCV enfeksiyonu olmayanlara göre daha yüksek morbidite ve mortaliteye sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerindeki kronik HCV hastalarında hepatit A ve B seroprevalans oranlarını ve bağışıklığı belirlemektir. Objectives: Patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and superinfection by hepatitis A or hepatitis B virus have higher morbidity and mortality when compared with those without HCV infection. The aim of this study was to determine hepatitis A and B seroprevalence rates and immunity in patients with chronic HCV in different regions of Turkey. İnce N, Tosun S, Balkan A, Uğuz M, Öztoprak Çuvalcı N, Esen Yıldız İ, Yanık T, Uğurlu K, Çelik N, Durmuş G, İskender G, Coşkuner SA, Doğan M, Ergen P, Gözüküçük R, Bekçibaşı M. How Aware are We of the Immune Status of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis A in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients? A Multicenter Retrospective Study from Turkey.. Viral Hepat J. 2020;26:131-134. 1Düzce University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Düzce, Turkey 2İzmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, İzmir, Turkey 3Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Gaziantep, Turkey 4Silifke State Hospital, Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Mersin, Turkey 5University of Health Sciences Turkey, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Antalya, Turkey 6Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Rize, Turkey 7Sivas Numune Hospital, Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Sivas, Turkey 825 Aralık State Hospital, Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Gaziantep, Turkey 9Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Erzurum, Turkey 10Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bursa, Turkey 11Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey 12Çorlu State Hospital, Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Tekirdağ, Turkey 13İstanbul Medeniyet University, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, İstanbul, Tur","PeriodicalId":42346,"journal":{"name":"Viral Hepatit Dergisi-Viral Hepatitis Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44591983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Prevalence of Hepatitis Delta and Assessment of Treatment Response","authors":"P. Ergen, Fatma Yılmaz Karadağ, Ö. Aydın","doi":"10.4274/vhd.galenos.2020.2020.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/vhd.galenos.2020.2020.0025","url":null,"abstract":"ÖZ","PeriodicalId":42346,"journal":{"name":"Viral Hepatit Dergisi-Viral Hepatitis Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43091210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Viral Load and Prohepcidin Levels in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients","authors":"M. Altındiş, F. Aslan, K. Yilmaz, B. Toka, T. Demiray, M. Köroğlu","doi":"10.4274/vhd.galenos.2020.2020.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/vhd.galenos.2020.2020.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Ad dress for Cor res pon den ce: Mustafa Altındiş MD, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Sakarya, Turkey E-mail: maltindis@sakarya.edu.tr ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0003-0411-9669 Re cei ved: 16.03.2020 Ac cep ted: 29.09.2020 ©Copyright 2020 by Viral Hepatitis Society / Viral Hepatitis Journal published by Galenos Publishing House. Dear Editor; Viral hepatitis represents a major cause of chronic liver disease leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), worldwide. Increased iron storage has an important role in the diseases associated with Hepatitis B virus (HBV). This may be associated with the iron’s ability to produce oxidative stress and cause tissue damage and chronic inflammation in the liver. Hepcidin is a hormone which functions as a key regulator in iron homeostasis and is produced in the liver. Understanding the regulation of hepcidin in chronic viral hepatitis (CVD) associated diseases may explain the relation among viral hepatitis, iron accumulation and HCC to a great extent (1,2). In this study, serum prohepcidin levels were assessed in four different groups of patients followed up with the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The aim of this study was to evaluate prohepcidin levels with HBV-DNA levels in HBV infected patients and healthy volunteers. The study included the serum samples, which were sent to Sakarya University, Sakarya Training and Research Hospital, Medical Microbiology Laboratory and routinely tested and then stored at -80 °C, from patients who were followed up with CHB infection and healthy population. Patients with chronic hepatic or hematologic conditions were excluded. The participants were divided into four groups according to their status of using medication and level of viral load (≥105 IU/mL was accepted as high). The serum prohepcidin levels in the samples of the study were investigated with the method of ELISA test (Boster, Pleasanton CA). A total of 60 patients with CHB (33 male, mean age 42.4±6.3 years) and 20 healthy volunteers were included in the study. The prohepcidin levels of the control group were found to be higher than patient groups. Also, it was detected to be higher in those with the viral load <105 IU/mL compared to those with the viral load ≥105 IU/mL. The prohepcidin levels of the control group and patient groups are illustrated in the Table 1. Hepcidin is a circulating peptide hormone that is synthesized mainly from the liver and is the main regulator of systemic iron balance. As it is produced mainly by hepatocytes, liver diseases may affect hepcidin production. There are a few studies evaluating hepcidin expression in CVD but remains controversial. Understanding the regulation of hepcidin in HBV-associated diseases may increase our knowledge on the relationship among","PeriodicalId":42346,"journal":{"name":"Viral Hepatit Dergisi-Viral Hepatitis Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46255117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Evaluation of Health Personnel Exposed to Occupational Injuries in Terms of HBV, HCV, and HIV Infections","authors":"Özlem Aydın, P. Ergen, H. Caskurlu","doi":"10.4274/vhd.galenos.2020.2020.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/vhd.galenos.2020.2020.0024","url":null,"abstract":"ÖZ Ad dress for Cor res pon den ce: Özlem Aydın MD, İstanbul Medeniyet University, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, İstanbul, Turkey Phone: +90 532 255 85 49 E-mail: ozlemsenaydin@hotmail.com ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0003-0398-9216 Re cei ved: 07.07.2020 Ac cep ted: 18.09.2020 ©Copyright 2020 by Viral Hepatitis Society / Viral Hepatitis Journal published by Galenos Publishing House. Amaç: Bu çalışmada hastanemizde kan ve vücut sıvıları ile bulaşan hastalıklara yol açan kesici delici alet yaralanma oranlarını, dağılımlarını, risk faktörlerini tespit etmek, alınacak önlemleri irdelemek, bu kazalardan sonra yaralanan personelin viral hepatitler ve insan immun yetmezlik virüsü (HIV) serokonversiyon durumlarını takip etmeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ocak 2018-Mayıs 2020 yılları arasında kesici delici alet yaralanması sonucu kan veya vücut sıvısıyla temas eden sağlık personelinin Enfeksiyon Kontrol Komitesi tarafından kayıt altına alınan verileri retrospektif olarak irdelendi. Sonuçlar yüzdelik birim olarak ifade edildi. Bulgular: Çalışmamıza mesleki yaralanmaya maruz kalan 187 personel dahil edildi. Yaralanmalar en sık hemşire grubundaydı %48,66. Yaralanma aleti en fazla iğne ucuyla %80,8 gerçekleşmekteydi. Personelin %89,85’inin hepatit B aşısı vardı. Kaynağın serolojik durumu incelendiğinde %8,02 hepatit B, %10,16 hepatit C, %2,67 HIV ile enfekte idi. Yaralanan personellerin hiçbirinde serokonversiyon saptanmadı. Sonuç: Sağlık çalışanlarına işe girişte ve çalışma süreleri boyunca düzenli eğitim verilmesine rağmen halen riskli yaralanmalarla karşı karşıya kalınmaktadır. Tüm personel kanla bulaşan enfeksiyonlar konusunda bilinçlendirilmeli, taramaları yapılmalı, aşıları tamamlanmalıdır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Sağlık personeli, kesici ve delici alet yaralanmaları, viral hepatit Objectives: This study aims to determine the rates, distribution and risk factors of needle-stick and sharps injuries that cause diseases spread through blood and body fluids, to discuss relevant precautions, and to monitor seroconversion conditions of viral hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in injured health personnel in our hospital. Materials and Methods: The data recorded by the Infection Control Committee about health personnel who were exposed to blood or body fluids as a result of needle-stick and sharps injuries between January 2018 and May 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. The results were presented as percentages. Results: A total of 187 health workers were included in the study. The injuries were most common among nurses 48.66%. The most common instrument causing needle-stick and sharps injuries was needle tip 80.8%. In addition, 89.85% of them were vaccinated for hepatitis B. According to the serological status of infected sources, 8.02% were infected with hepatitis B, 10.16% with hepatitis C and 2.67% with HIV. No seroconversion was observed in the injured personnel. Conclusion: Althou","PeriodicalId":42346,"journal":{"name":"Viral Hepatit Dergisi-Viral Hepatitis Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44992311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence Investigation of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis B Core Antigen in Oncology Patients","authors":"İ. Akdemir Kalkan, A. Demirci, G. Cınar, M. Çelen","doi":"10.4274/vhd.galenos.2020.2020.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/vhd.galenos.2020.2020.0036","url":null,"abstract":"ÖZ Ad dress for Cor res pon den ce: İrem Akdemir Kalkan MD, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey Phone: +90 312 508 29 37 E-mail: Iremakd@yahoo.com ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0001-5136-9148 Re cei ved: 26.09.2019 Ac cep ted: 30.09.2020 ©Copyright 2020 by Viral Hepatitis Society / Viral Hepatitis Journal published by Galenos Publishing House. Amaç: Hepatit B virüsü (HBV) toplumun önemli bir bölümünü etkiler ve yüksek mortalite ve morbidite ile karakterizedir. HB, çoğu kronik hasta olan dünya çapında yaklaşık 350 milyon kişiyi etkilemektedir. Özellikle immünosüpresif tedavi altında olmak, hastalığın yeniden aktivasyonu için bir risk faktörüdür. Bu çalışmanın amacı, onkoloji hastalarında HB seroprevalansını araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma retrospektif nitelikte tanımlayıcı bir çalışma olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. 1 Ocak-2017 ila 31 Aralık 2017 dönemi boyunca Batman Bölge Devlet Hastanesi, Onkoloji Bölümü’ne başvuran 84 hasta çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Bu hastaların hepatit serolojileri kayıt altına alınarak hastalar aktif HBV enfeksiyonu, geçirilmiş HBV enfeksiyonu, almış oldukları profilaksiler ve reaktivasyon açısından değerlendirmiştir. Bulgular: Hastaların 6’sı hepatit B yüzey antijeni (HBsAg) pozitif olarak saptanmış olup, 44 hasta (%52,2) ise anti-HBc immünoglobulin G (IgG) pozitif olarak saptanmıştır. Bu 44 hastadan 28 hasta (63.6%) düşük riskli bir kemoterapotik ajan almaları nedeniyle profilaksi almamıştır, diğer hastalar ise profilaksi almıştır. HBsAg poztif olan hastalardan bir hasta dışında tüm hastalar tedavi almıştır. Tüm pozitif hastalar değerlendirdiğinde takipte hiçbir hastada reaktivasyon gelişmemiştir. Sonuç: Kapsamlı HB serolojisi onkolojik tedavi planı olan tüm hastalara bilinmeli ve eğer endikasyonu varsa hastalar tedavi veya profilaksi için değerlendirmelidir. Bu değerlendirmelerde kılavuz önerileri esas alınması reaktivasyon gelişme ihtimalini en aza indirecektir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Hepatit B reaktivasyonu, onkoloji, immünosupresif tedaviler, profilaktik antiviral tedaviler Objectives: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) affects a significant part of society and is characterized by high mortality and morbidity. Hepatitis B affects approximately 350 million people worldwide, many of whom are chronic patients. Especially being under immunosuppressive therapy is a risk factor for the reactivation of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of HB in oncology patients. Materials and Methods: In this study, the seroprevalences of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis C virus, anti-HBs, and anti-hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) immunoglobulin G (IgG) were retrospectively evaluated from the medical records of 84 patients who were diagnosed of cancer, and were admitted to the outpatient clinic of medical oncology in the Batman State Hospital within a period of one year (between January and December 2017). Re","PeriodicalId":42346,"journal":{"name":"Viral Hepatit Dergisi-Viral Hepatitis Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45535340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Serum CTNNβ1 and E-cadherin Levels in Hepatitis Patients","authors":"A. Şahin, Y. Çetinkol, S. Cırrık, M. Çalgın, T. Noyan, Numan Taşpinar","doi":"10.4274/vhd.galenos.2020.2020.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/vhd.galenos.2020.2020.0026","url":null,"abstract":"ÖZ were 44.57±29.61 ng/mL in the control group, and 42.76±23.23, 45.72±27.33 and 71.02±31.03 ng/mL in HBV-DNA-1, 2 and 3 groups, respectively. In addition, E-cadherin values were statistically significant in the HBV-DNA-3 group compared to other groups (p=0.001; p<0.01). The values of β-catenin were 0.75±0.47 ng/mL in the control group and were 1.05±0.63, 0.93±0.4 and 1.58±1.94 ng/mL in the DNA-1, 2, and 3 groups, respectively. The β-catenin value in the control group was found to be statistically significant compared to hepatitis B groups (p=0.001; p<0.01). Conclusion: E-cadherin values were found to be significantly lower in the HBV-DNA-1 group with the highest viral load. There may be a loss of E-cadherin due to severe inflammation in this group. Monitoring the levels of β-catenin and E-cadherin may be important for evaluating the possible risk and prognosis for liver carcinoma in these patients.","PeriodicalId":42346,"journal":{"name":"Viral Hepatit Dergisi-Viral Hepatitis Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47800295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravenous Drug Use Rates and Results of Direct-acting Antiviral Treatment in Prisoner Patients","authors":"M. Çabalak, Tayibe Bal","doi":"10.4274/vhd.galenos.2020.2020.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/vhd.galenos.2020.2020.0015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42346,"journal":{"name":"Viral Hepatit Dergisi-Viral Hepatitis Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43467991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Evaluation of the Efficacy of High-dose Hepatitis B Vaccine in Patients Using Biological Agents","authors":"M. Aydın, F. Aksoy, Zehra Yıldırım, İ. Köksal","doi":"10.4274/vhd.galenos.2020.2019.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/vhd.galenos.2020.2019.0039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42346,"journal":{"name":"Viral Hepatit Dergisi-Viral Hepatitis Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46845281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Viral Load and Hepatic Histopathology in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B","authors":"Damla Akdağ, T. Yamazhan, H. Pullukçu, Meltem Işıkgöz Taşbakan, R. Durusoy","doi":"10.4274/vhd.galenos.2019.2019.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/vhd.galenos.2019.2019.0040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42346,"journal":{"name":"Viral Hepatit Dergisi-Viral Hepatitis Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44699554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Advanced Fibrosis Presence on Adherence to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients with Sustained Virologic Response","authors":"G. Sirin, S. Hülagü","doi":"10.4274/vhd.galenos.2020.2020.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/vhd.galenos.2020.2020.0002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42346,"journal":{"name":"Viral Hepatit Dergisi-Viral Hepatitis Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"32-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44916453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}