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Toward an Understanding of the Role of Digital Technology in Orthodox Life and Practice 对数字技术在正统生活和实践中的作用的理解
Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.57050/jisocm.113100
C. Houk
Digital technology has come to play a vital role in contemporary religious life, both in the real world and in virtual worlds.  Regardless of their comfort with it, whether for facilitating worship or for communicating religious values, all religious traditions have had to face the ubiquity of digital technology and find a place for it in their worldview.  While some traditions lean one way or another on the use of digital technology, the majority find themselves somewhere in the middle.  This may mean that they are dedicated to a neutral view, but in many cases, it simply means that they have not wrestled adequately with the issues involved.  In the case of Orthodoxy, there seems to be a disconnect between private and public use of digital technology.  While individuals in the Orthodox community use it in the same way that their non-Orthodox neighbors do, institutional use of digital technology is fraught with contradiction and ambivalence.  On the one hand, digital technology is embraced as a way to make Orthodoxy more visible, viable, and more accessible, particularly to its adherents.  On the other hand, it is regarded with some suspicion, having limited use for mediating core beliefs, practices, and aesthetics of the Orthodox faith, and potentially serving to disconnect Orthodox faithful from their true community.  In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the uncertainly that Orthodox feel about the appropriateness of digital technology for mediating religious life has become particularly acute, and many issues have arisen which call out for resolution.
数字技术在当代宗教生活中扮演着至关重要的角色,无论是在现实世界还是在虚拟世界。无论他们是否对此感到满意,无论是为了促进崇拜还是为了传达宗教价值观,所有的宗教传统都不得不面对无处不在的数字技术,并在他们的世界观中为其找到一席之地。虽然有些传统倾向于使用数字技术,但大多数传统发现自己处于中间位置。这可能意味着他们致力于中立的观点,但在许多情况下,这仅仅意味着他们没有充分考虑所涉及的问题。就东正教而言,私人和公共使用数字技术之间似乎存在脱节。虽然东正教社区的个人使用数字技术的方式与他们的非东正教邻居一样,但机构对数字技术的使用充满了矛盾和矛盾心理。一方面,数字技术被认为是一种使东正教更可见、更可行、更容易接近的方式,尤其是对其信徒而言。另一方面,它被认为有一些怀疑,在调解东正教信仰的核心信仰、实践和美学方面的作用有限,并有可能使东正教信徒与他们真正的社区脱节。在2019冠状病毒病大流行之后,东正教对数字技术是否适合调解宗教生活的不确定性变得尤为严重,并且出现了许多需要解决的问题。
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引用次数: 0
"The midst of the earth”: Ps. 73:12b (LXX) in Patristic and Liturgical Understanding “在地的中间”:诗篇73:12b (LXX)《教父与礼仪的理解》
Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.57050/jisocm.113081
Serafim Seppälä
The verse “You have wrought salvation in the midst of the earth” (Ps. 74/73:12) occurs in numerous liturgical texts. This article examines how this verse has been understood by patristic authors from circa third to fifth centuries. The Hebrew original and its Jewish interpretations focus on God’s salvific acts in the world, in the eyes of all peoples, while the Septuagint allows a more punctual understanding “in the centre of the world”. The latter option was utilised immediately after the construction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, as Golgotha became the solemn centre of Christian pilgrimage and was widely recognised as the centre of the earth in theological and cosmological terms. Therefore, the verse became much used in liturgical celebrations related to the cross, as witnessed already in the Typikon of Mar Saba. Moreover, the idea of Golgotha as axis mundi was soon applied in colourful ways regarding traditions related to the creation and burial of Adam, sacrifice of Isaac, and even eschatological visions. Excitingly, these interpretations have evident predecessors in Judaism and in the early Jewish Christian beliefs and practices. All this guarantees that the verse is one of the richest dictums in liturgical life in terms of theological, mythic, and historical connotations.
“你在地上施行救恩”(诗74/73:12)这句话出现在许多礼仪文本中。这篇文章考察了大约三到五世纪教父作者是如何理解这节经文的。希伯来原文及其犹太人的解释侧重于上帝在世界上的救赎行为,在所有人的眼中,而七十士译本允许更准时的理解“在世界的中心”。后一种选择是在圣墓教堂建成后立即使用的,因为各各他成为基督教朝圣的庄严中心,并被广泛认为是神学和宇宙学方面的地球中心。因此,这节经文在与十字架有关的礼仪庆祝活动中被广泛使用,正如在Mar Saba的Typikon中所见证的那样。此外,各各他作为世界轴心的观点很快就以丰富多彩的方式应用于与亚当的创造和埋葬,以撒的牺牲,甚至是末世论的愿景有关的传统。令人兴奋的是,这些解释在犹太教和早期犹太基督教信仰和实践中都有明显的先行者。所有这些都保证了这节经文在神学、神话和历史内涵方面是礼仪生活中最丰富的格言之一。
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引用次数: 0
Valaam as an Oasis of Spirituality and Church Music of Russia Abroad 瓦拉姆:灵性的绿洲与国外的俄罗斯教会音乐
Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.57050/jisocm.113231
S. Zvereva, George Lapshynov
Тhe topic of the transmission of tradition is understudied in musicology. This article contributes to the field by concentrating on the formation of the singing tradition of the parish of St Sergius in Paris. It studies the genesis of its musical tradition at the hands of Vladyka Benjamin (Fedchenkov) and M. M. Osorgin. Both loved Valaam greatly and found inspiration in Valaam and the Holy Trinity St Sergius Lavra to create a monastic liturgical style in the Parisian church. After comparing several chants, it looks at the musical books used by the choir of St Sergius, the Valaam Obikhod and the Psalmist’s Companion, and the different musical traditions they embody. After a review of the history of music at Valaam and a comparison of primary sources and contemporary analyses, the authors propose a picture of the singing tradition of the Karelian monastery prior to the Revolution. It then looks into historical figures such as A. Swan and M. M. Osorgin who studied and attempted to preserve ancient Russian practices in the diaspora, and how these two figures’ correspondence during the 1930s offers a unique window into their attempts at achieving this goal. The article concludes by reviewing the contemporary practices of the Parisian church, offering the reader a reflection on the survival of the great Russian melodic heritage in the Russia Abroad.
Тhe传统传播的主题在音乐学中尚未得到充分研究。本文通过集中讨论巴黎圣塞尔吉奥教区的歌唱传统的形成,为该领域做出了贡献。它研究了其音乐传统的起源,在Vladyka Benjamin (Fedchenkov)和M. M. Osorgin的手中。他们都非常喜欢瓦拉姆,并从瓦拉姆和圣三一圣谢尔盖·拉夫拉身上找到灵感,在巴黎教堂中创造了一种修道仪式风格。在比较了几首圣歌之后,它着眼于圣谢尔盖合唱团、瓦拉姆Obikhod和诗篇作者的伴侣所使用的音乐书籍,以及它们所体现的不同音乐传统。在回顾了瓦拉姆的音乐史,并比较了原始资料和当代分析之后,作者提出了一幅革命前卡累利阿修道院歌唱传统的画面。然后,它研究了历史人物,如a . Swan和M. M. Osorgin,他们研究并试图保存散居海外的古代俄罗斯习俗,以及这两位人物在20世纪30年代的通信如何为他们实现这一目标的尝试提供了一个独特的窗口。文章最后回顾了巴黎教会的当代实践,为读者提供了一个关于伟大的俄罗斯旋律遗产在海外俄罗斯的生存的思考。
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引用次数: 0
Cretan idiosyncrasies in the liturgical chant of the Ionian Islands 伊奥尼亚群岛的礼拜圣歌中的克里特特质
Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.57050/jisocm.113462
F. Kritikou
From the mid-15th century onwards, but especially during the last two centuries of Venetian rule in Crete, a unique repertory was developed probably in order to serve the specific needs of Liturgies and other offices, common to Catholics and Orthodox. The compositions included in this repertory thus merge Byzantine and Western elements, in the image of the meeting between these two cultures playing out in Crete during this period. This Latin influence could be identified on different levels, namely, in the liturgical texts, the morphology of the compositions, the modality and the notation.
从15世纪中期开始,特别是在威尼斯人统治克里特岛的最后两个世纪,一套独特的剧目被开发出来,可能是为了满足天主教和东正教共同的礼拜仪式和其他办公室的特殊需要。因此,这个剧目中包含的作品融合了拜占庭和西方的元素,在这一时期,这两种文化在克里特岛的相遇。这种拉丁的影响可以在不同的层面上识别,即在礼仪文本中,作品的形态,情态和符号。
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引用次数: 0
Theta Combinations in the Stichera of the Transfiguration 变形纹上的Theta组合
Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.57050/jisocm.113548
E. Pletneva, Nadezhda Shchepkina
Many stichera of the twelve Major Feasts contain complex notational fragments, which are generally referred to as melismatic. The main criterion for melismaticity in notation is the theta symbol. The combination of several consistent thetas is a rare and noteworthy phenomenon, on account of which fragments of a very particular sacred character are created in chants. The article attempts to study this theta combination in the oldest Greek and Russian manuscripts of the 10th-13th centuries on the basis of the stichera of the Feast of the Transfiguration. It was discovered that there exist only five theta combinations in five chants defining the main topoi - Sound and Light. A hypothetical reconstruction of the melos of the theta combination of the 10-11th centuries was performed on the basis of the records of the Middle Byzantine notation of the 12-13th centuries, where thetas are transntated in analytical notation. The conclusion are drawn that the beginning of a theta combination is an event and can be emphasized by a transition to another mode or by a registral contrast. In each studied theta combination, the second theta complex appears to be either musically brighter, or more prolonged, or contains a metabola (modulation).
十二节期的许多节期包含复杂的符号片段,通常被称为装饰音。在符号中判别一致性的主要标准是θ符号。几个一致的theta的组合是一种罕见而值得注意的现象,因为它在圣歌中创造了一个非常特殊的神圣字符的碎片。本文试图研究10 -13世纪最古老的希腊和俄罗斯手稿中的这种theta组合,以变形节的stichera为基础。研究发现,在五个圣歌中只存在五个θ组合,定义了主要的主题——声与光。在12-13世纪的中拜占庭符号记录的基础上,对10-11世纪的theta组合的melo进行了假设重建,其中theta被转换为分析符号。得出的结论是,theta组合的开始是一个事件,可以通过过渡到另一个模式或通过注册对比来强调。在每个研究的θ波组合中,第二个θ波复合体要么在音乐上更亮,要么更长,要么包含代谢(调制)。
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引用次数: 0
Manuscripts of Psaltic Art. Chios. Part 1: Analytical Descriptive Catalogue of the Manuscripts of Psaltic Art in the "Koraes" Chios Central Public Library 《诗篇艺术手稿》。希俄斯岛。第一部分:“科拉埃斯”希俄斯中央公共图书馆《诗篇艺术手稿》分析描述目录
Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.57050/jisocm.117023
Nina-Maria Wanek
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引用次数: 0
Eternal Victory 永恒的胜利
Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.57050/jisocm.113301
B. Pentcheva
Starting in the ninth century but gaining momentum the late tenth century Byzantium reclaimed its territories in the East: capturing Crete, Antioch, and northern Palestine. These victories were celebrated with triumphal processions in Constantinople. New chants were written specifically to be performed in the Great Church and the palatine chapels. Some of the poetry and music was composed by the emperor himself. Analyzing the melodic contour of some of these songs shows how they strategically used the acoustics of the dome to offer a glittering vision of power. And the same time, the figural mosaics in Hagia Sophia and in the palatine chapels gave an anthropomorphic concreteness to the experience of the divine in the reverberant sound. None of these figural programs survives. Yet, a monastery near Thebes (Greece), Hosios Loukas, preserves one of the most extensive Byzantine mosaic cycles. As this analysis will reveal, it channels the Constantinopolitan liturgy and enables us to explore how chant and figural images operated together to shape a vision of the resurgent empire.
从9世纪开始,在10世纪后期,拜占庭重新夺回了它在东方的领土:占领了克里特岛、安提阿和巴勒斯坦北部。君士坦丁堡举行了凯旋游行来庆祝这些胜利。新的圣歌是专门为在大教堂和帕拉廷教堂演奏而写的。有些诗歌和音乐是由皇帝自己创作的。分析其中一些歌曲的旋律轮廓,可以看出他们是如何巧妙地利用圆顶的声学效果来提供一种闪闪发光的权力视觉。与此同时,圣索菲亚大教堂和帕拉廷教堂的人物马赛克在回响的声音中赋予了神的体验一种拟人的具体性。这些图形程序都没有保存下来。然而,底比斯(希腊)附近的一座修道院Hosios Loukas保留了最广泛的拜占庭马赛克循环之一。正如这篇分析将揭示的那样,它引导了君士坦丁堡的礼拜仪式,使我们能够探索圣歌和人物形象如何共同作用,以塑造复兴帝国的愿景。
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引用次数: 1
Recordings of Twentieth Century Serbian Church Chant 二十世纪塞尔维亚教堂圣歌录音
Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.57050/jisocm.113079
Nataša Marjanović
This paper discusses representative examples of audio recordings of traditional Serbian church chant, an important testimony to Orthodox Serbian cultural and spiritual heritage, as well as the characteristics of this oral musical tradition in the twentieth century. My focus lies not only on the most important published audio recordings, but also on the collection of the unpublished audio recordings from the field work on the wide territory of Serbian cultural space, that is: in Serbia, Dalmatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Hungary during the last three decades of the twentieth century. All of the examples mentioned in the text represent traditional Serbian church chant in its original, unison version, sometimes also as two-part singing. Taking into account the ethnological and anthropological perception of the multi-generational transmission and concurrent adaptation to the cultural, historical and societal changes, as well as the link between the heritage and the cultural uniqueness of its creators and carriers, these recordings were approached as the authentic trace of a live tradition, and a key to the assessment, study and preservation of the Serbian church chant, as an element of the intangible cultural heritage.
本文讨论了传统塞尔维亚教堂圣歌录音的代表性例子,这是东正教塞尔维亚文化和精神遗产的重要见证,以及这种口头音乐传统在20世纪的特点。我的重点不仅在于最重要的已出版的录音,而且还在于收集未出版的录音,这些录音来自二十世纪最后三十年在塞尔维亚、达尔马提亚、波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那以及匈牙利等塞尔维亚文化空间广阔领土上的实地工作。文中提到的所有例子都是塞尔维亚传统教堂圣歌的原始版本,有时也有两部分演唱。考虑到民族学和人类学对多代传承和同时适应文化、历史和社会变化的看法,以及遗产与其创造者和载体的文化独特性之间的联系,这些录音被视为活生生的传统的真实痕迹,是评估、研究和保存塞尔维亚教堂圣歌的关键,作为非物质文化遗产的一个组成部分。
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引用次数: 0
The All-Night Vigil in Early Russian Demestvenny Polyphony (Add. MS 30063 of the British Library) 早期俄国德米特里维尼复调中的通宵守夜(大英图书馆增刊MS 30063)
Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.57050/jisocm.113326
Elena Chernova
In modern musicology, which studies various polyphonic traditions intensively, it would appear that there are no longer any unknown types of polyphony and undiscovered forms of notating music. The most exotic musical phenomena have been researched and transcribed, and a good many of them have been digitized. Still, one must recognize that the focus of these studies up until now has been predominantly on Western and Central European polyphonic schools, while one significant polyphonic tradition, namely, early Russian polyphony, which, moreover, occupied a fairly extensive historical period, is only now beginning to be investigated systematically.The purpose of this article is to introduce my project involving a critical edition of Russian neumatic polyphony. This edition is the culmination of my work on deciphering neumatic scores of the most festive type of early Russian polyphony—four-part Demestvenny singing (or Demestvo). The object of the present study is the Demestvenny All-Night Vigil recorded in a unique source—a ceremonial illuminated codex belonging to the 17th-century Choir of the Tsar’s and Patriarchal Singing Clerics, which is now kept in the British Library—Add. MS 30063.The edition is planned as part of the dissertation project “The All-Night Vigil in early Russian polyphony,” which I am preparing under the guidance of Professor Dr Christoph Flamm at the Musicology Seminar of the University of Heidelberg. Within its scope, the dissertation examines three types of early Russian polyphony using examples from the All-Night Vigil office. A comprehensive analysis of the hymns themselves will be included in the dissertation but remains outside the scope of this publication.
在深入研究各种复调传统的现代音乐学中,似乎不再有任何未知的复调类型和未被发现的记谱音乐形式。最奇特的音乐现象已被研究和转录,其中许多已被数字化。然而,人们必须认识到,到目前为止,这些研究的重点主要集中在西欧和中欧的复调流派上,而一个重要的复调传统,即早期俄罗斯复调,它占据了相当广泛的历史时期,现在才开始系统地研究。这篇文章的目的是介绍我的项目涉及一个关键版的俄罗斯气动复调。这个版本是我在破译早期俄罗斯复调四声部(或Demestvo)最喜庆类型的气动乐谱方面的工作的高潮。本研究的对象是Demestvenny通宵守夜,它记录在一个独特的来源中——一个属于17世纪沙皇和父权制歌唱牧师合唱团的仪式照明手抄本,现在保存在大英图书馆- add。女士30063年。这个版本是我在海德堡大学音乐学研讨会的Christoph Flamm教授的指导下准备的论文项目“早期俄罗斯复调的通宵通宵”的一部分。在其范围内,论文考察了三种类型的早期俄罗斯复调使用的例子从通宵守夜办公室。对赞美诗本身的全面分析将包括在论文中,但仍然超出了本出版物的范围。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of the International Society for Orthodox Music
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