Pub Date : 2020-04-30DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92288
A. Bishnu, A. Pohkeral, A. Farooque
Biochar is the solid byproduct of pyrolysis, and its cascading use can offset the cost of the production and its use in application such as soil remediation. A wide variety of research on biochar has highlighted its ability to absorb nutrients, metal and complex compounds, filter suspended solids, enhance microorganisms’ growth, retain water and nutrients as well as increasing the carbon content of the soil. Besides, sustainable biochar systems are an attractive approach for carbon sequestration and total waste management cycle. The chapter looks into such cascading use of biochar in wastewater treatment for recovering nutrients and improving the efficiency of activated sludge treatment and anaerobic digestion for producing biosolid with enhanced soil amendment properties.
{"title":"Biochar-Assisted Wastewater Treatment and Waste Valorization","authors":"A. Bishnu, A. Pohkeral, A. Farooque","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92288","url":null,"abstract":"Biochar is the solid byproduct of pyrolysis, and its cascading use can offset the cost of the production and its use in application such as soil remediation. A wide variety of research on biochar has highlighted its ability to absorb nutrients, metal and complex compounds, filter suspended solids, enhance microorganisms’ growth, retain water and nutrients as well as increasing the carbon content of the soil. Besides, sustainable biochar systems are an attractive approach for carbon sequestration and total waste management cycle. The chapter looks into such cascading use of biochar in wastewater treatment for recovering nutrients and improving the efficiency of activated sludge treatment and anaerobic digestion for producing biosolid with enhanced soil amendment properties.","PeriodicalId":423830,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Biochar for Environmental Safety","volume":"223 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116027548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-21DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91380
D. Feng, Yu Zhang, Yijun Zhao, Shaozeng Sun
Biomass tar is the bottleneck in the development of efficient utilization of biomass syngas. The in-situ catalytic cracking biomass tar with multi-active biochar is investigated in a two-stage fluidized bed-fixed bed reactor. It indicates that adding H 2 O or CO 2 is found to improve the homogeneous and heterogeneous cracking of biomass tar. Activation of biochar by H 2 O or CO 2 impacted the morphology of biochar surface and distribution of metal species. H 2 O or CO 2 affects the creation and regeneration of pore structures, influencing the biochar structure and dynami-cal distribution of alkali and alkaline earth metal species (AAEMs), which ensure enough surface active sites to maintain the catalytic activity of biochar. The tar cracking into low-quality tar or small-molecule gas may be catalyzed by K, while the combination of tar with biochar would be promoted by Ca. The volatilizations of K and Ca, due to their reaction with volatiles, are to a large extent in accordance with their valences and boiling points. The subsequent transformation from the small aromatic ring systems to the larger ones occurs due to the volatile-biochar interaction. During tar cracking over biochar, K and Ca act as the active sites on biochar surface to promote the increase of active intermediates (C ▬ O bonds and C ▬ O ▬ K/Ca).
生物质焦油是发展生物质合成气高效利用的瓶颈。在两级流化床固定床反应器上研究了多活性生物炭原位催化裂化生物质焦油的工艺。结果表明，加入h2o或co2均能改善生物质焦油的均相和非均相裂解。h2o或co2对生物炭的活化影响了生物炭表面的形态和金属的分布。h2o或CO 2影响孔隙结构的形成和再生，影响生物炭的结构和碱和碱土金属(aaem)的动态分布，从而保证生物炭有足够的表面活性位点维持催化活性。K可催化焦油裂解为低质量焦油或小分子气体，而Ca可促进焦油与生物炭的结合。K和Ca与挥发物发生反应，其挥发量在很大程度上与它们的价和沸点有关。由于挥发物与生物炭的相互作用，随后由小芳环系统向大芳环系统转变。在生物炭的焦油裂解过程中，K和Ca作为生物炭表面的活性位点，促进活性中间体(C - O键和C - O - K/Ca)的增加。
{"title":"Mechanism of In-Situ Catalytic Cracking of Biomass Tar over Biochar with Multiple Active Sites","authors":"D. Feng, Yu Zhang, Yijun Zhao, Shaozeng Sun","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.91380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91380","url":null,"abstract":"Biomass tar is the bottleneck in the development of efficient utilization of biomass syngas. The in-situ catalytic cracking biomass tar with multi-active biochar is investigated in a two-stage fluidized bed-fixed bed reactor. It indicates that adding H 2 O or CO 2 is found to improve the homogeneous and heterogeneous cracking of biomass tar. Activation of biochar by H 2 O or CO 2 impacted the morphology of biochar surface and distribution of metal species. H 2 O or CO 2 affects the creation and regeneration of pore structures, influencing the biochar structure and dynami-cal distribution of alkali and alkaline earth metal species (AAEMs), which ensure enough surface active sites to maintain the catalytic activity of biochar. The tar cracking into low-quality tar or small-molecule gas may be catalyzed by K, while the combination of tar with biochar would be promoted by Ca. The volatilizations of K and Ca, due to their reaction with volatiles, are to a large extent in accordance with their valences and boiling points. The subsequent transformation from the small aromatic ring systems to the larger ones occurs due to the volatile-biochar interaction. During tar cracking over biochar, K and Ca act as the active sites on biochar surface to promote the increase of active intermediates (C ▬ O bonds and C ▬ O ▬ K/Ca).","PeriodicalId":423830,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Biochar for Environmental Safety","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121689624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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