HiPR+ is an approach for centimeter-accurate indoor localization. It combines distance estimation between ultra-wideband (UWB) transceivers and location estimation using an extended Kalman filter (EKF). The performance is tested with experiments on hardware platforms from Decawave. The distance estimation of HiPR+ achieves an order of magnitude better precision and a multiple improvement in accuracy compared to the company's native solution while it only takes only a fraction the time needed for range computation. We evaluate the 3D localization capabilities with two least-squares approaches and an EKF. A median accuracy below one centimeter can be attained using the proposed ranging error compensations in combination with the EKF-based~positioning.
{"title":"HiPR+: A Protocol for Centimeter 3D Localization based on UWB","authors":"Daniel Neuhold, Aymen Fakhreddine, C. Bettstetter","doi":"10.1145/3551659.3559043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551659.3559043","url":null,"abstract":"HiPR+ is an approach for centimeter-accurate indoor localization. It combines distance estimation between ultra-wideband (UWB) transceivers and location estimation using an extended Kalman filter (EKF). The performance is tested with experiments on hardware platforms from Decawave. The distance estimation of HiPR+ achieves an order of magnitude better precision and a multiple improvement in accuracy compared to the company's native solution while it only takes only a fraction the time needed for range computation. We evaluate the 3D localization capabilities with two least-squares approaches and an EKF. A median accuracy below one centimeter can be attained using the proposed ranging error compensations in combination with the EKF-based~positioning.","PeriodicalId":423926,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 25th International ACM Conference on Modeling Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124196792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicolai Kröger, Fidan Mehmeti, Hasanin Harkous, W. Kellerer
Software-Defined Networking (SDN) lays the foundation for the operation of future networking applications. The separation of the control plane from the programmable data plane increases the flexibility in network operation. One of the most used languages for describing the packet behavior in the data plane is P4. It allows protocol and hardware independent programming. With the expanding deployment of P4 programmable devices, it is of utmost importance to understand their performance behavior and limitations in order to design a network and provide Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees. One of the most important performance metrics is the packet mean sojourn time in a P4 device. While previous works already modeled the sojourn time in P4 devices with controller feedback, those models were rather simplified and could not capture the system behavior for general cases, resulting in a potential highly inaccurate performance prediction. To bridge this gap, in this paper, we consider the system behavior of P4 devices for the general case, i.e., under general assumptions. To that end, we model the behavior with a queueing network with feedback. As it is impossible to provide closed-form solutions, we consider different approximations for the mean sojourn time. We validate our results against extensive realistic simulations, capturing different behaviors in the data and control planes. Results show that the most accurate approximation in almost all cases is the one in which the queues are decoupled and considered as independent despite the fact that there are dependencies. The level of discrepancy in the worst case does not exceed 18.2% for service times distributions with a coefficient of variation not greater than 1.
{"title":"Performance Analysis of General P4 Forwarding Devices with Controller Feedback","authors":"Nicolai Kröger, Fidan Mehmeti, Hasanin Harkous, W. Kellerer","doi":"10.1145/3551659.3559045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551659.3559045","url":null,"abstract":"Software-Defined Networking (SDN) lays the foundation for the operation of future networking applications. The separation of the control plane from the programmable data plane increases the flexibility in network operation. One of the most used languages for describing the packet behavior in the data plane is P4. It allows protocol and hardware independent programming. With the expanding deployment of P4 programmable devices, it is of utmost importance to understand their performance behavior and limitations in order to design a network and provide Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees. One of the most important performance metrics is the packet mean sojourn time in a P4 device. While previous works already modeled the sojourn time in P4 devices with controller feedback, those models were rather simplified and could not capture the system behavior for general cases, resulting in a potential highly inaccurate performance prediction. To bridge this gap, in this paper, we consider the system behavior of P4 devices for the general case, i.e., under general assumptions. To that end, we model the behavior with a queueing network with feedback. As it is impossible to provide closed-form solutions, we consider different approximations for the mean sojourn time. We validate our results against extensive realistic simulations, capturing different behaviors in the data and control planes. Results show that the most accurate approximation in almost all cases is the one in which the queues are decoupled and considered as independent despite the fact that there are dependencies. The level of discrepancy in the worst case does not exceed 18.2% for service times distributions with a coefficient of variation not greater than 1.","PeriodicalId":423926,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 25th International ACM Conference on Modeling Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124863872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claudio Fiandrino, David Juárez Martínez-Villanueva, J. Widmer
Fifth-generation (5G) networks are now entering a stable phase in terms of commercial release. 5G design is flexible to support a diverse range of radio bands (i.e., low-, mid-, and high-band) and application requirements. Since its initial roll-out in 2019, extensive measurements studies have revealed key aspects of commercial 5G deployments (e.g., coverage, signal strength, throughput, latency, handover, and power consumption among the others) for several scenarios (e.g., pedestrian and car mobility, mid-, and high-bands, etc.). In this paper, we take a different angle than previous studies and carry out an in-depth measurement study of 5G in a large public bus transit system in a major European city. For several mobile network operators, we identify how flexible the network deployment is by analyzing Radio Resource Control (RRC) messages, mobility management, and application performance.
{"title":"Uncovering 5G Performance on Public Transit Systems with an App-based Measurement Study","authors":"Claudio Fiandrino, David Juárez Martínez-Villanueva, J. Widmer","doi":"10.1145/3551659.3559040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551659.3559040","url":null,"abstract":"Fifth-generation (5G) networks are now entering a stable phase in terms of commercial release. 5G design is flexible to support a diverse range of radio bands (i.e., low-, mid-, and high-band) and application requirements. Since its initial roll-out in 2019, extensive measurements studies have revealed key aspects of commercial 5G deployments (e.g., coverage, signal strength, throughput, latency, handover, and power consumption among the others) for several scenarios (e.g., pedestrian and car mobility, mid-, and high-bands, etc.). In this paper, we take a different angle than previous studies and carry out an in-depth measurement study of 5G in a large public bus transit system in a major European city. For several mobile network operators, we identify how flexible the network deployment is by analyzing Radio Resource Control (RRC) messages, mobility management, and application performance.","PeriodicalId":423926,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 25th International ACM Conference on Modeling Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130264408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How to effectively improve the efficiency of vehicle traffic in the road system will play an essential role in improving the operational efficiency of the traffic system while eliminating the energy consumption and environmental pollution problems caused in particular, and this is also a key concern in the field of intelligent transportation systems. Timely and accurate traffic flow prediction is regarded as the key to solve the above problems because it can effectively improve the efficiency of traffic flow management. Many prediction methods have been proposed and among them, Machine Learning (ML)-based forecasting methods have gradually become mainstream in recent years because of their inherent ability to learn and predict nonlinear features in traffic information. However, we notice that most of the existing ML-based traffic prediction methods were designed relying fully on historical data while ignoring the structure and the impacts of the whole road network. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed a mixed method to take both historical data and road networks into consideration. Based on the real-world dataset, we conducted simulation experiments. The corresponding test results demonstrate a substantial improvement in the prediction accuracy of our method compared to conventional ML-based methods.
{"title":"A Novel Mixed Method of Machine Learning Based Models in Vehicular Traffic Flow Prediction","authors":"Zepu Wang, Peng Sun, Yulin Hu, A. Boukerche","doi":"10.1145/3551659.3559047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551659.3559047","url":null,"abstract":"How to effectively improve the efficiency of vehicle traffic in the road system will play an essential role in improving the operational efficiency of the traffic system while eliminating the energy consumption and environmental pollution problems caused in particular, and this is also a key concern in the field of intelligent transportation systems. Timely and accurate traffic flow prediction is regarded as the key to solve the above problems because it can effectively improve the efficiency of traffic flow management. Many prediction methods have been proposed and among them, Machine Learning (ML)-based forecasting methods have gradually become mainstream in recent years because of their inherent ability to learn and predict nonlinear features in traffic information. However, we notice that most of the existing ML-based traffic prediction methods were designed relying fully on historical data while ignoring the structure and the impacts of the whole road network. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed a mixed method to take both historical data and road networks into consideration. Based on the real-world dataset, we conducted simulation experiments. The corresponding test results demonstrate a substantial improvement in the prediction accuracy of our method compared to conventional ML-based methods.","PeriodicalId":423926,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 25th International ACM Conference on Modeling Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123057703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The age of information (AoI) has been proposed as a metric for evaluating freshness of information; recently also within the context of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). The most frequently used definition of AoI, however, does only account for the generation time of the data but not for application-specific aspects. In ITS, for example, the distance of vehicles is not considered and nodes farther away may experience an increased AoI due to effects of the wireless communication channel. We propose a new way of interpreting the AoI in such a context, also considering the location of the transmitting vehicle as a metric of importance to the information. In particular, we introduce a weighting coefficient used in combination with the peak age of information (PAoI) metric to describe the AoI requirement, emphasizing on packets from more important neighbors. As an example, we characterize such importance using the orientation and the distance of the involved vehicles. We use the derived model to focus on timely updates of relevant vehicles for meeting a given AoI requirement, which can save resources on the wireless channel while keeping the AoI minimal.
{"title":"A Spatial Model for Using the Age of Information in Cooperative Driving Applications","authors":"Julian Heinovski, J. T. Gómez, F. Dressler","doi":"10.1145/3551659.3559053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551659.3559053","url":null,"abstract":"The age of information (AoI) has been proposed as a metric for evaluating freshness of information; recently also within the context of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). The most frequently used definition of AoI, however, does only account for the generation time of the data but not for application-specific aspects. In ITS, for example, the distance of vehicles is not considered and nodes farther away may experience an increased AoI due to effects of the wireless communication channel. We propose a new way of interpreting the AoI in such a context, also considering the location of the transmitting vehicle as a metric of importance to the information. In particular, we introduce a weighting coefficient used in combination with the peak age of information (PAoI) metric to describe the AoI requirement, emphasizing on packets from more important neighbors. As an example, we characterize such importance using the orientation and the distance of the involved vehicles. We use the derived model to focus on timely updates of relevant vehicles for meeting a given AoI requirement, which can save resources on the wireless channel while keeping the AoI minimal.","PeriodicalId":423926,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 25th International ACM Conference on Modeling Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132454445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Scheduling with Interference Removal Established Network-Wide (SIREN) protocol is introduced to enable the scheduling of transmissions in a way that multiple access interference (MAI) is eliminated in multi-hop networks. Unlike all prior medium access control (MAC) methods, SIREN combats MAI as a network-wide problem rather than as a problem confined within a single broadcast link. SIREN ensures that the receivers of a primary transmitter assigned a transmission turn have no MAI, and allow one or multiple concurrent secondary transmitters to transmit during the same transmission turn, as long as no MAI is created. SIREN is implemented on top of the IEEE 802.11b physical layer to show that it is a viable approach using commercial off-the-shelf hardware. SIREN is proven to ensure interference-free transmission schedules in mesh networks, and simulation experiments in ns-3 are used to illustrate the advantages of SIREN over IEEE 802.11b in terms of goodput, fairness and delays.
{"title":"SIREN: Eliminating Multiple Access Interference in Transmission Schedules Established in Multi-Hop Networks","authors":"Dylan Cirimelli-Low, J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves","doi":"10.1145/3551659.3559063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551659.3559063","url":null,"abstract":"The Scheduling with Interference Removal Established Network-Wide (SIREN) protocol is introduced to enable the scheduling of transmissions in a way that multiple access interference (MAI) is eliminated in multi-hop networks. Unlike all prior medium access control (MAC) methods, SIREN combats MAI as a network-wide problem rather than as a problem confined within a single broadcast link. SIREN ensures that the receivers of a primary transmitter assigned a transmission turn have no MAI, and allow one or multiple concurrent secondary transmitters to transmit during the same transmission turn, as long as no MAI is created. SIREN is implemented on top of the IEEE 802.11b physical layer to show that it is a viable approach using commercial off-the-shelf hardware. SIREN is proven to ensure interference-free transmission schedules in mesh networks, and simulation experiments in ns-3 are used to illustrate the advantages of SIREN over IEEE 802.11b in terms of goodput, fairness and delays.","PeriodicalId":423926,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 25th International ACM Conference on Modeling Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130843372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The significant deployment of LoRaWAN networks is increasingly questioning its ability to handle massive numbers of IoT devices and its ability to support service differentiation. The few existing attempts to implement service differentiation suffer from a lack of scalability and do not meet the qualitative criteria of the services, since without admission control there is no way to restrain the devices from transmitting. In this paper, we present a scalable probabilistic approach that not only enables an efficient sharing of LoRaWan access networks between different services/slices, but more importantly allows achieving the objectives of the supported services through the integration of an admission control. Since the derivation of devices' repartition probabilities is a very complex problem, we propose an evolutionary algorithm to derive them efficiently. The obtained results clearly show the ability of the proposed solution to efficiently utilize the scarce radio resources, while achieving the qualitative objectives of the prioritized services.
{"title":"A Frequency-Based Intelligent Slicing in LoRaWAN with Admission Control Aspects","authors":"G. Dandachi, Y. H. Aoul","doi":"10.1145/3551659.3559055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551659.3559055","url":null,"abstract":"The significant deployment of LoRaWAN networks is increasingly questioning its ability to handle massive numbers of IoT devices and its ability to support service differentiation. The few existing attempts to implement service differentiation suffer from a lack of scalability and do not meet the qualitative criteria of the services, since without admission control there is no way to restrain the devices from transmitting. In this paper, we present a scalable probabilistic approach that not only enables an efficient sharing of LoRaWan access networks between different services/slices, but more importantly allows achieving the objectives of the supported services through the integration of an admission control. Since the derivation of devices' repartition probabilities is a very complex problem, we propose an evolutionary algorithm to derive them efficiently. The obtained results clearly show the ability of the proposed solution to efficiently utilize the scarce radio resources, while achieving the qualitative objectives of the prioritized services.","PeriodicalId":423926,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 25th International ACM Conference on Modeling Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132139496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The emergency related to climate changes urgently calls for deep changes of the attitude with which we consume natural resources. Changes are needed in all sectors, including Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), which are estimated to contribute to emissions for a quantity between 2 and 4% of the total emissions [1]. Among the ICT sectors, radio access networks are particularly critical and challenging due their expected and fast growth [2]. A remarkable example is the deployment of 5G networks. Despite relying on energy efficiency already by design, 5G networks are expected to induce a significant increase of energy consumption of access networks [3] and mobile operators expect their operational expenditure to double in a few years by effect of the 5G rollout. Among the solutions that are being considered by operators to reduce energy consumption and the associated costs, as well as emissions, the introduction of renewable energy sources seemsparticularly promising, since it acts directly on the reduction of emissions, instead on solely increasing energy efficiency [2]. The recent improvements of machine learning techniques make it possible to integrate small and local renewable energy generators in small portions of radio access networks, so as to increase their effectiveness, reduce energy losses, enable further optimization of energy usage [4]. In beyond 5G scenarios, the integration of aerial platforms represents a new dimension in the design space of network operation aiming at energy consumption reduction. By off-loading part of the traffic to aerial platforms which are self-sustainable and powered only with solar energy it is possible to reduce the power demand of the networks [5] and to more effectively adapt network operation and its consumption to the availability of green energy..
{"title":"Sustainability Challenges in Radio access Networks","authors":"M. Meo","doi":"10.1145/3551659.3558764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551659.3558764","url":null,"abstract":"The emergency related to climate changes urgently calls for deep changes of the attitude with which we consume natural resources. Changes are needed in all sectors, including Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), which are estimated to contribute to emissions for a quantity between 2 and 4% of the total emissions [1]. Among the ICT sectors, radio access networks are particularly critical and challenging due their expected and fast growth [2]. A remarkable example is the deployment of 5G networks. Despite relying on energy efficiency already by design, 5G networks are expected to induce a significant increase of energy consumption of access networks [3] and mobile operators expect their operational expenditure to double in a few years by effect of the 5G rollout. Among the solutions that are being considered by operators to reduce energy consumption and the associated costs, as well as emissions, the introduction of renewable energy sources seemsparticularly promising, since it acts directly on the reduction of emissions, instead on solely increasing energy efficiency [2]. The recent improvements of machine learning techniques make it possible to integrate small and local renewable energy generators in small portions of radio access networks, so as to increase their effectiveness, reduce energy losses, enable further optimization of energy usage [4]. In beyond 5G scenarios, the integration of aerial platforms represents a new dimension in the design space of network operation aiming at energy consumption reduction. By off-loading part of the traffic to aerial platforms which are self-sustainable and powered only with solar energy it is possible to reduce the power demand of the networks [5] and to more effectively adapt network operation and its consumption to the availability of green energy..","PeriodicalId":423926,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 25th International ACM Conference on Modeling Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128089231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The inherent openness of wireless communication techniques has made them vulnerable to jamming attacks. However, the effectiveness of a jamming attack depends on numerous parameters and varies according to the state of the environment. At the same time, attacks are becoming increasingly sophisticated and attempt to evade basic detection methods. Consequently, there is a real need to evaluate this new type of attack to improve the robustness of the detection and mitigation methods. A simulating tool to assess the impact of jamming attacks on wireless networks has become essential to gain effectiveness against attackers. This paper proposes a module of jamming attack for the discrete network simulator 3 (ns-3). This module, adaptable to any type of jamming attack strategy, provides a set of essential metrics allowing their evaluation. We evaluate the module by comparing the impacts of different types of jamming attacks already carried out in a real environment.
{"title":"An Adaptable Module for Designing Jamming Attacks in WiFi Networks for ns-3","authors":"Emilie Bout, V. Loscrí","doi":"10.1145/3551659.3559059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551659.3559059","url":null,"abstract":"The inherent openness of wireless communication techniques has made them vulnerable to jamming attacks. However, the effectiveness of a jamming attack depends on numerous parameters and varies according to the state of the environment. At the same time, attacks are becoming increasingly sophisticated and attempt to evade basic detection methods. Consequently, there is a real need to evaluate this new type of attack to improve the robustness of the detection and mitigation methods. A simulating tool to assess the impact of jamming attacks on wireless networks has become essential to gain effectiveness against attackers. This paper proposes a module of jamming attack for the discrete network simulator 3 (ns-3). This module, adaptable to any type of jamming attack strategy, provides a set of essential metrics allowing their evaluation. We evaluate the module by comparing the impacts of different types of jamming attacks already carried out in a real environment.","PeriodicalId":423926,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 25th International ACM Conference on Modeling Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125549129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bernard Tamba Sandouno, Yamen Alsaba, C. Barakat, W. Dabbous, T. Turletti
Ray Tracing is a propagation modelling approach that accurately estimates the signal power received by end users while taking into account the details of the environment in their vicinity. This accuracy is at the cost of high computational load and high memory consumption due to the heavy computation performed by processes such as Ray Generation. In this paper, we introduce a site-specific ray generation technique able to generate up to 1 million rays within 5 seconds and a root mean square error for bandwidth estimation within 2 Mbps. Depending on the location of the antenna and the coverage area, our technique gives the minimum possible number of rays required in order to estimate end-users' signal power received and their download bitrate.
{"title":"Site-specific Ray generation for Accurate Estimation of Signal Power","authors":"Bernard Tamba Sandouno, Yamen Alsaba, C. Barakat, W. Dabbous, T. Turletti","doi":"10.1145/3551659.3559058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551659.3559058","url":null,"abstract":"Ray Tracing is a propagation modelling approach that accurately estimates the signal power received by end users while taking into account the details of the environment in their vicinity. This accuracy is at the cost of high computational load and high memory consumption due to the heavy computation performed by processes such as Ray Generation. In this paper, we introduce a site-specific ray generation technique able to generate up to 1 million rays within 5 seconds and a root mean square error for bandwidth estimation within 2 Mbps. Depending on the location of the antenna and the coverage area, our technique gives the minimum possible number of rays required in order to estimate end-users' signal power received and their download bitrate.","PeriodicalId":423926,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 25th International ACM Conference on Modeling Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128637187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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