Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate a case of Klippel–Trenaunay–Weber Syndrome (KTWS) diagnosed at 15 weeks of gestation. Materials and Methods A 30-year-old G4P1L1A2 at 15 weeks gestation was detected with abnormal fetal right lower limb thickness and hypervascularity in both thighs. Multiseptated hypoechoic areas were detected involving skin and subcutaneous tissue of the left shoulder region, axilla, chest wall, and lower back region posteriorly extending into both lower limbs associated with cortical thickening of long bones of the lower limb. Significant subcutaneous thickening was present in the right foot along with a slow flow vascular malformation. The couple did not opt for any prenatal testing and continued the pregnancy. Results The patient received routine antenatal care and at 27 weeks of gestation there was polyhydramnios with fetal demise. She delivered a macerated stillborn baby girl weighing 2.5 kg (>99th centile). Consent was obtained for external autopsy, fetal photographs, and tissue biopsy. The fetus was grossly macerated. The skin was hypertrophied and subcutaneous tissue along with bluish discoloration was present over the affected areas. Histopathology of fetal thigh tissue was suggestive of arteriovenous malformation compatible with a diagnosis of KTWS. Conclusions KTWS has unique sonographic features. Confirmation can be done by clinical exome sequencing of amniotic fluid or fetal tissue.
{"title":"Klippel–Trenaunay–Weber Syndrome—Case Report: Diagnostic Role of Fetal Autopsy and Histopathology","authors":"Poornima Sharma, Shreya Singh Kushwaha, Suchandana Dasgupta, Sumitra Bachani","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1774756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1774756","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate a case of Klippel–Trenaunay–Weber Syndrome (KTWS) diagnosed at 15 weeks of gestation. Materials and Methods A 30-year-old G4P1L1A2 at 15 weeks gestation was detected with abnormal fetal right lower limb thickness and hypervascularity in both thighs. Multiseptated hypoechoic areas were detected involving skin and subcutaneous tissue of the left shoulder region, axilla, chest wall, and lower back region posteriorly extending into both lower limbs associated with cortical thickening of long bones of the lower limb. Significant subcutaneous thickening was present in the right foot along with a slow flow vascular malformation. The couple did not opt for any prenatal testing and continued the pregnancy. Results The patient received routine antenatal care and at 27 weeks of gestation there was polyhydramnios with fetal demise. She delivered a macerated stillborn baby girl weighing 2.5 kg (>99th centile). Consent was obtained for external autopsy, fetal photographs, and tissue biopsy. The fetus was grossly macerated. The skin was hypertrophied and subcutaneous tissue along with bluish discoloration was present over the affected areas. Histopathology of fetal thigh tissue was suggestive of arteriovenous malformation compatible with a diagnosis of KTWS. Conclusions KTWS has unique sonographic features. Confirmation can be done by clinical exome sequencing of amniotic fluid or fetal tissue.","PeriodicalId":42412,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fetal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135853881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Fetal double aortic arch (DAA) is a rare congenital arch anomaly characterized by the presence of two aortic arches instead of the normal single arch. DAA is an uncommon finding during routine fetal echocardiography. Prenatal ultrasound detection of fetal DAA is crucial for early identification and appropriate management of affected fetuses. Despite the challenges and limitations, advancements in imaging technology and expertise have improved diagnostic accuracy. Four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound provides a volumetric representation of the fetal structures. It allows for better visualization and assessment of complex anatomical abnormalities, including DAA. With 4D imaging, the sonographer can manipulate the image, rotate it, and view it from different angles, aiding in the identification of the double arch anomaly This is a case of double aortic arch diagnosed with the spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) technique of 4D ultrasound using color Doppler.
{"title":"Demonstration of Double Aortic Arch in a 21 Weeks Primigravida by Color Spatiotemporal Image Correlation Rendering Technique","authors":"Shankar Dey","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1774755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1774755","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fetal double aortic arch (DAA) is a rare congenital arch anomaly characterized by the presence of two aortic arches instead of the normal single arch. DAA is an uncommon finding during routine fetal echocardiography. Prenatal ultrasound detection of fetal DAA is crucial for early identification and appropriate management of affected fetuses. Despite the challenges and limitations, advancements in imaging technology and expertise have improved diagnostic accuracy. Four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound provides a volumetric representation of the fetal structures. It allows for better visualization and assessment of complex anatomical abnormalities, including DAA. With 4D imaging, the sonographer can manipulate the image, rotate it, and view it from different angles, aiding in the identification of the double arch anomaly This is a case of double aortic arch diagnosed with the spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) technique of 4D ultrasound using color Doppler.","PeriodicalId":42412,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fetal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135854027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Female urogenital anomalies are often difficult to evaluate by ultrasonography, especially in late gestation. We report a case of fetal hydrocolpos detected by a fetal medicine scan at 33 weeks of gestation. Antenatal ultrasound by the fetal medicine unit showed a singleton fetus with a huge retrovesical cystic mass extending from the mid-abdomen to the perineum. Bilateral hydronephrosis was noted. Postnatal ultrasound showed the findings of a markedly dilated vagina containing thick echogenic fluid that was extended up to the umbilical level displacing the urinary bladder upwards and anteriorly and rectum posteriorly, suggesting hydrocolpos. Bilateral hydronephrosis was also noted. Postnatal examination of the neonate showed a distended abdomen with a well-defined mass arising from the pelvis extended to the umbilicus. External genitalia were of a normal female. There were no other dysmorphic features. Hydrocolpos was secondary to low vaginal atresia. Aspiration of the mass was performed on the first postnatal day.
{"title":"A Rare Case of Fetal Hydrocolpos Secondary to Low Vaginal Atresia","authors":"Athira Rajamma, Megha Venkataraman","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1774754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1774754","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Female urogenital anomalies are often difficult to evaluate by ultrasonography, especially in late gestation. We report a case of fetal hydrocolpos detected by a fetal medicine scan at 33 weeks of gestation. Antenatal ultrasound by the fetal medicine unit showed a singleton fetus with a huge retrovesical cystic mass extending from the mid-abdomen to the perineum. Bilateral hydronephrosis was noted. Postnatal ultrasound showed the findings of a markedly dilated vagina containing thick echogenic fluid that was extended up to the umbilical level displacing the urinary bladder upwards and anteriorly and rectum posteriorly, suggesting hydrocolpos. Bilateral hydronephrosis was also noted. Postnatal examination of the neonate showed a distended abdomen with a well-defined mass arising from the pelvis extended to the umbilicus. External genitalia were of a normal female. There were no other dysmorphic features. Hydrocolpos was secondary to low vaginal atresia. Aspiration of the mass was performed on the first postnatal day.","PeriodicalId":42412,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fetal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135855448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Congenital brain tumors are extremely rare. Among them teratomas are the most common. They make up one-third of all congenital brain tumors. Late diagnosis, poor prognosis, and majority being delivered by cesarean section (subjecting the mother to increased morbidity) add to the complexities and challenges of the case. We report a rare case of a massive congenital brain tumor diagnosed prenatally on ultrasound. Because of the poor prognosis and associated craniomegaly, pregnancy termination was contemplated at 28 weeks aiming at vaginal delivery, despite a high probability of an eventual cesarean delivery due to the associated macrocrania. Intrapartum second stage of labor was protracted due to nondescent of the large head; however, providentially there was timely skull rupture of the fetus facilitating a vaginal delivery. The cerebral tumor was confirmed at autopsy to be an immature teratoma. There were no other associated malformations. Ultrasound has emerged as major modality in prenatal diagnosis aiding the antenatal preparation of the prospective parents and the multidisciplinary team for the poor outcome. The knowledge gained and anticipated prognosis help immensely in planning the management, thereby avoiding subjecting the woman to cesarean section and its morbidity.
{"title":"Congenital Intracranial Teratoma: Management Challenges!","authors":"Saiseema V. Sarva, Megha Venkataraman","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1771523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1771523","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Congenital brain tumors are extremely rare. Among them teratomas are the most common. They make up one-third of all congenital brain tumors. Late diagnosis, poor prognosis, and majority being delivered by cesarean section (subjecting the mother to increased morbidity) add to the complexities and challenges of the case. We report a rare case of a massive congenital brain tumor diagnosed prenatally on ultrasound. Because of the poor prognosis and associated craniomegaly, pregnancy termination was contemplated at 28 weeks aiming at vaginal delivery, despite a high probability of an eventual cesarean delivery due to the associated macrocrania. Intrapartum second stage of labor was protracted due to nondescent of the large head; however, providentially there was timely skull rupture of the fetus facilitating a vaginal delivery. The cerebral tumor was confirmed at autopsy to be an immature teratoma. There were no other associated malformations. Ultrasound has emerged as major modality in prenatal diagnosis aiding the antenatal preparation of the prospective parents and the multidisciplinary team for the poor outcome. The knowledge gained and anticipated prognosis help immensely in planning the management, thereby avoiding subjecting the woman to cesarean section and its morbidity.","PeriodicalId":42412,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fetal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136293620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A recent article by Beck et al[1] contributes to our understanding of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) mediated by antibodies against non-Rhesus blood group antigen systems. However, there are critical methodological and reporting errors that preclude the ability to draw the conclusions asserted by the authors. First, the authors provide no compelling evidence that the antibody causing the fetal anemia is due to anti-M other than a positive indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) for anti-M in maternal plasma and a coincidentally positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) on neonatal cells. The authors provide no information regarding plasma studies in the newborn, elution studies, low-incidence antibody testing, or newborn M antigen typing. A positive newborn DAT is nondiagnostic and requires further evaluation, as even a negative maternal IAT does not preclude the possibility of HDFN to a low-incidence maternal alloantibody.[2] Further, contemporary and historical literature of larger case series found that in HDFN caused by anti-M the neonatal DAT is more frequently negative than positive.[2] [3] [4] Therefore, the positive DAT cited by Beck et al could theoretically lower one's suspicion for the cause of HDFN being solely due to anti-M. In addition, when discussing any case of HDFN, but especially with anti-M where the antibody's isotype and reacting temperature can be in question, the testing methods including platform technology, temperature, and enhancement media are vital to the discussion.[5] Beck et al provide no information regarding the antibody identification or titer techniques used in the maternal or neonatal testing nor do the authors provide methodological description of the maternal breast milk testing. Though this case could be an important addition to the growing body of evidence supporting anti-M as a cause of HDFN, further investigation and reporting are required to definitively establish the conclusions proclaimed by the authors.
{"title":"Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn: Understanding the Testing Needed to Confirm the Identity of the Causative Antibody","authors":"Jeremy Jacobs, Elizabeth Abels","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1771524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1771524","url":null,"abstract":"A recent article by Beck et al[1] contributes to our understanding of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) mediated by antibodies against non-Rhesus blood group antigen systems. However, there are critical methodological and reporting errors that preclude the ability to draw the conclusions asserted by the authors. First, the authors provide no compelling evidence that the antibody causing the fetal anemia is due to anti-M other than a positive indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) for anti-M in maternal plasma and a coincidentally positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) on neonatal cells. The authors provide no information regarding plasma studies in the newborn, elution studies, low-incidence antibody testing, or newborn M antigen typing. A positive newborn DAT is nondiagnostic and requires further evaluation, as even a negative maternal IAT does not preclude the possibility of HDFN to a low-incidence maternal alloantibody.[2] Further, contemporary and historical literature of larger case series found that in HDFN caused by anti-M the neonatal DAT is more frequently negative than positive.[2] [3] [4] Therefore, the positive DAT cited by Beck et al could theoretically lower one's suspicion for the cause of HDFN being solely due to anti-M. In addition, when discussing any case of HDFN, but especially with anti-M where the antibody's isotype and reacting temperature can be in question, the testing methods including platform technology, temperature, and enhancement media are vital to the discussion.[5] Beck et al provide no information regarding the antibody identification or titer techniques used in the maternal or neonatal testing nor do the authors provide methodological description of the maternal breast milk testing. Though this case could be an important addition to the growing body of evidence supporting anti-M as a cause of HDFN, further investigation and reporting are required to definitively establish the conclusions proclaimed by the authors.","PeriodicalId":42412,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fetal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136293768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Fetal autopsy is one of the most useful investigations that can change or significantly add to the clinical diagnosis despite a prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of a fetal abnormality. It is often required to determine the cause of intrauterine death or miscarriages, provide recurrence risk, and is known to alter the final diagnosis and genetic counseling in nearly half of the cases. This article reviews the role of fetal autopsy and discusses its contributory role in confirming the diagnosis and its usefulness in the genetic counseling of cases with risk of recurrence in future pregnancies.
{"title":"Fetal Autopsy—A Game Changer!","authors":"R. Elayedatt, V. Krishnan, Vidya Chandraprabha","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1776056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1776056","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fetal autopsy is one of the most useful investigations that can change or significantly add to the clinical diagnosis despite a prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of a fetal abnormality. It is often required to determine the cause of intrauterine death or miscarriages, provide recurrence risk, and is known to alter the final diagnosis and genetic counseling in nearly half of the cases. This article reviews the role of fetal autopsy and discusses its contributory role in confirming the diagnosis and its usefulness in the genetic counseling of cases with risk of recurrence in future pregnancies.","PeriodicalId":42412,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fetal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139343422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Final Commentary on Anti-M Alloimmunization Following Term Stillbirth: A Case Report and Review of the Literature","authors":"Ashok Khurana, Mohd Faisal Khan","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1777800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1777800","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42412,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fetal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139345978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gurnihal Chawla, B. Balakrishnan, Meenu Batra, Afshana Sidhik, Aditi Laad, S. N. Patil, Lipi Madhusoodhanan, K. K. Gopinathan
Abstract Objectives This study aimed to determine if isolated fetal aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) is associated with an increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities and to see whether or not invasive testing should be considered. Methods We conducted a retrospective study from January 2017 to December 2021. All prenatally diagnosed cases of ARSA were reviewed and their clinical data were collected. Amniocentesis was advised after genetic counseling in every case of ARSA. Results One hundred and thirteen patients of ARSA were diagnosed at 21.2 ± 2.4 weeks of gestational age. Eighty-eight fetuses had isolated ARSA. Eighty-three patients underwent amniocentesis. Of those, six had Down syndrome and one had Turner syndrome. Four fetuses with genetic abnormalities had no other ultrasound findings; however, the association of isolated ARSA with chromosomal abnormalities was not statistically significant ( p -value = 0.998). Ten patients underwent termination of pregnancy including seven with chromosomal abnormalities and three fetuses with other structural anomalies. The mean age of postnatal follow-up was 2.2 years. Mild respiratory distress was seen in one fetus. No neonatal intensive care unit admissions were present. Conclusion Isolated ARSA by itself does not significantly increase the risk of associated chromosomal abnormalities. The detection of fetal ARSA, however, mandates a detailed fetal ultrasound. Invasive testing can be deferred in cases of isolated ARSA. Larger prospective studies are required to see the role of cell-free DNA as an optimal alternative option.
{"title":"Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery—To Test or Not to Test, That Is the Question","authors":"Gurnihal Chawla, B. Balakrishnan, Meenu Batra, Afshana Sidhik, Aditi Laad, S. N. Patil, Lipi Madhusoodhanan, K. K. Gopinathan","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1776057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1776057","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives This study aimed to determine if isolated fetal aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) is associated with an increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities and to see whether or not invasive testing should be considered. Methods We conducted a retrospective study from January 2017 to December 2021. All prenatally diagnosed cases of ARSA were reviewed and their clinical data were collected. Amniocentesis was advised after genetic counseling in every case of ARSA. Results One hundred and thirteen patients of ARSA were diagnosed at 21.2 ± 2.4 weeks of gestational age. Eighty-eight fetuses had isolated ARSA. Eighty-three patients underwent amniocentesis. Of those, six had Down syndrome and one had Turner syndrome. Four fetuses with genetic abnormalities had no other ultrasound findings; however, the association of isolated ARSA with chromosomal abnormalities was not statistically significant ( p -value = 0.998). Ten patients underwent termination of pregnancy including seven with chromosomal abnormalities and three fetuses with other structural anomalies. The mean age of postnatal follow-up was 2.2 years. Mild respiratory distress was seen in one fetus. No neonatal intensive care unit admissions were present. Conclusion Isolated ARSA by itself does not significantly increase the risk of associated chromosomal abnormalities. The detection of fetal ARSA, however, mandates a detailed fetal ultrasound. Invasive testing can be deferred in cases of isolated ARSA. Larger prospective studies are required to see the role of cell-free DNA as an optimal alternative option.","PeriodicalId":42412,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fetal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139344313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iryna Tsikhanenka, Maxim Beluga, Venera Semenchuk, Ivan Kurlovich, Ella Marahovskaya
Abstract Fetal meconium peritonitis (FMP) is a rare form of sterile chemical peritonitis occurring in utero due to the perforation of the fetal intestine, sometimes after fetoscopic laser photocoagulation (FLP) in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, with the broad spectrum of prenatal ultrasound manifestations including abdominal cyst. We report a unique presentation of FMP following FLP with ascites, pseudocyst formation, and the cyst resolving probably of a fistula formation. This case report highlights unusual FMP development and gives a novel clue to antenatal diagnosis and management.
{"title":"Fetal Abdominal Cyst as a Stage of Meconium Peritonitis after Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation","authors":"Iryna Tsikhanenka, Maxim Beluga, Venera Semenchuk, Ivan Kurlovich, Ella Marahovskaya","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1776322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1776322","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fetal meconium peritonitis (FMP) is a rare form of sterile chemical peritonitis occurring in utero due to the perforation of the fetal intestine, sometimes after fetoscopic laser photocoagulation (FLP) in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, with the broad spectrum of prenatal ultrasound manifestations including abdominal cyst. We report a unique presentation of FMP following FLP with ascites, pseudocyst formation, and the cyst resolving probably of a fistula formation. This case report highlights unusual FMP development and gives a novel clue to antenatal diagnosis and management.","PeriodicalId":42412,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fetal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139343957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Congenital hepatic arteriovenous fistulae (AVFs) are rare and occur in less than 1:100,000 live births and are linked with poor perinatal outcome. Hepatic arteriovenous malformation can be of three types, out of which we present a case of hepatic AVF with AV connection in a case of primigravida at 26 weeks gestation presented with fetal growth restriction and Doppler changes.
{"title":"Fetal Aorta-Portal Vein-Umbilical Vein Anastomosis: Prenatal Diagnosis and Brief Review of Literature","authors":"Hitanshu R. Bhatt, G. Nagraj","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-57019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-57019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Congenital hepatic arteriovenous fistulae (AVFs) are rare and occur in less than 1:100,000 live births and are linked with poor perinatal outcome. Hepatic arteriovenous malformation can be of three types, out of which we present a case of hepatic AVF with AV connection in a case of primigravida at 26 weeks gestation presented with fetal growth restriction and Doppler changes.","PeriodicalId":42412,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fetal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48988514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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